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Robertson E, Samant P, Wang S, Tran T, Ji X, Xiang L. X-Ray-Induced Acoustic Computed Tomography (XACT): Initial Experiment on Bone Sample. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:1073-1080. [PMID: 33085608 PMCID: PMC8274389 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3032779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) is a unique hybrid imaging modality that combines high X-ray absorption contrast with high ultrasonic resolution. X-ray radiography and computerized tomography (CT) are currently the gold standards for 2-D and 3-D imaging of skeletal tissues though there are important properties of bone, such as elasticity and speed of sound (SOS), that these techniques cannot measure. Ultrasound is capable of measuring such properties though current clinical ultrasound scanners cannot be used to image the interior morphology of bones because they fail to address the complicated physics involved for exact image reconstruction; bone is heterogeneous and composed of layers of both cortical and trabecular bone, which violates assumptions in conventional ultrasound imaging of uniform SOS. XACT, in conjunction with the time-reversal algorithm, is capable of generating precise reconstructions, and by combining elements of both X-ray and ultrasound imaging, XACT is potentially capable of obtaining more information than any single of these techniques at low radiation dose. This article highlights X-ray-induced acoustic detection through linear scanning of an ultrasound transducer and the time-reversal algorithm to produce the first-ever XACT image of a bone sample. The results of this study should prove to enhance the potential of XACT imaging in the evaluation of bone diseases for future clinical use.
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Moore MJ, Bodera F, Hernandez C, Shirazi N, Abenojar E, Exner AA, Kolios MC. The dance of the nanobubbles: detecting acoustic backscatter from sub-micron bubbles using ultra-high frequency acoustic microscopy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21420-21428. [PMID: 33079108 PMCID: PMC7646462 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05390b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanobubbles have gained attention for their use as highly stable ultrasound (US) contrast agents, but assessment of individual nanobubble size remains a challenge. Current sizing techniques require either extensive sample preparation or depend on assumed values of nanobubble density that are not well characterized. An US based approach would be desirable; however, probing individual nanobubbles using US transducers at clinical frequencies is not feasible due to the comparatively long acoustic wavelengths employed. Here we present a technique which can be used to estimate nano- or microbubble size by virtue of the amount of motion detected in an M-Mode image acquired using an acoustic microscope equipped with a 200 MHz transducer. A sample of a bubble-containing solution is incorporated into a phantom composed of molten agarose. The solidified agarose gel contains pores with well-defined sizes dictated by the agarose concentration. Bubbles in the gel matrix that are smaller in diameter than the gel pore size are capable of undergoing stochastic motion which manifests as intensity fluctuations in M-Mode images. Conversely, bubbles which are larger than the agarose pores become trapped and produce static M-Mode intensity patterns. In this study, agarose gels with concentrations ranging from 0.25% to 1.25% (mean pore sizes ranging from 2.68 μm to 0.34 μm) were loaded with either nanobubbles (mean diameter 0.326 μm) or microbubbles (mean diameter 2.71 μm) and imaged at 200 MHz. In the nanobubble loaded gels, M-Mode fluctuations were clearly visible up to a gel concentration of 1% (pore size of 0.39 μm). In contrast, the microbubble loaded gels exhibited minimal M-Mode fluctuation even at agarose concentrations of 0.25% (2.68 μm pore size). Autocorrelation curves generated from the M-Mode data demonstrated a clear trend of curve flattening (loss of motion) when the pore size was comparable to mean bubble diameter, indicating that individual bubbles trapped in the agarose pores are the main source of acoustic backscatter. In the future, decay parameters extracted from the autocorrelation curves could potentially be used as indicators of mean bubble diameter for bubble populations of unknown size.
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Zhao Y, Wang S, Merrill JA, Arellano JD, Trevisi LM, Li Y, Xiang L, Qu J, Liu L. Triplex radiometric, photoacoustic, and ultrasonic imaging based on single-pulse excitation. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1703-1706. [PMID: 32235978 PMCID: PMC7995640 DOI: 10.1364/ol.387501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we propose a novel triplex-parameter detection method to realize simultaneous radiometric, photoacoustic, and ultrasonic imaging based on single-pulse excitation. The optical attenuation, optical absorption, and acoustic impedance properties can be obtained simultaneously by analyzing the photoacoustic signals and the ultrasonic echo signals. To test the feasibility and accuracy of this method, agar phantoms with different absorption coefficients and elastic coefficients were measured. Then, this method was experimentally verified by imaging a leaf skeleton piece embedded in an agar cylinder. Furthermore, pilot experiments were performed by triplex imaging of pig ear tissue ex vivo to characterize the cartilage and surrounding tissue. Experimental results demonstrated that this technique has future potentials for visualizing and providing the functional and structural information of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - John A. Merrill
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Jesus D. Arellano
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Luis M. Trevisi
- Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73071, USA
| | - Yizhou Li
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liangzhong Xiang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Haindl R, Deloria AJ, Sturtzel C, Sattmann H, Rohringer W, Fischer B, Andreana M, Unterhuber A, Schwerte T, Distel M, Drexler W, Leitgeb R, Liu M. Functional optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic microscopy imaging for zebrafish larvae. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2137-2151. [PMID: 32341872 PMCID: PMC7173920 DOI: 10.1364/boe.390410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a dual modality functional optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic microscopy (OCT-PAM) system. The photoacoustic modality employs an akinetic optical sensor with a large imaging window. This imaging window enables direct reflection mode operation, and a seamless integration of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a second imaging modality. Functional extensions to the OCT-PAM system include Doppler OCT (DOCT) and spectroscopic PAM (sPAM). This functional and non-invasive imaging system is applied to image zebrafish larvae, demonstrating its capability to extract both morphological and hemodynamic parameters in vivo in small animals, which are essential and critical in preclinical imaging for physiological, pathophysiological and drug response studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Haindl
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Abigail J. Deloria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caterina Sturtzel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Sattmann
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Marco Andreana
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Unterhuber
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Distel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Moore MJ, El-Rass S, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Wen XY, Kolios MC. Simultaneous ultra-high frequency photoacoustic microscopy and photoacoustic radiometry of zebrafish larvae in vivo. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2018; 12:14-21. [PMID: 30225194 PMCID: PMC6139000 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With their optically transparent appearance, zebrafish larvae are readily imaged with optical-resolution photoacoustic (PA) microscopy (OR-PAM). Previous OR-PAM studies have mapped endogenous chromophores (e.g. melanin and hemoglobin) within larvae; however, anatomical features cannot be imaged with OR-PAM alone due to insufficient optical absorption. We have previously reported on the photoacoustic radiometry (PAR) technique, which can be used simultaneously with OR-PAM to generate images dependent upon the optical attenuation properties of a sample. Here we demonstrate application of the duplex PAR/PA technique for label-free imaging of the anatomy and vasculature of zebrafish larvae in vivo at 200 and 400 MHz ultrasound detection frequencies. We then use the technique to assess the effects of anti-angiogenic drugs on the development of the larval vasculature. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of simultaneous PAR/PA for acquiring anatomical images of optically transparent samples in vivo, and its potential applications in assessing drug efficacy and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Moore
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Science Technology, A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Suzan El-Rass
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Zebrafish Centre for Advanced Drug Discovery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology & Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Yongliang Xiao
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Zebrafish Centre for Advanced Drug Discovery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology & Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Youdong Wang
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Zebrafish Centre for Advanced Drug Discovery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology & Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Xiao-Yan Wen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Science Technology, A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Zebrafish Centre for Advanced Drug Discovery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology & Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Michael C. Kolios
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Science Technology, A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, M5B 2K3, Canada.
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