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Selim Habib M, Markos C, Amezcua-Correa R. Impact of cladding elements on the loss performance of hollow-core anti-resonant fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:3359-3374. [PMID: 33770935 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of the cladding tube structure on the overall guiding performance is crucial for designing a single-mode, wide-band, and ultra low-loss nested hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF). Here we thoroughly investigate on how the propagation loss is affected by the nested elements when their geometry is realistic (i.e., non-ideal). Interestingly, it was found that the size, rather than the shape, of the nested elements has a dominant role in the final loss performance of the regular nested HC-ARFs. We identify a unique 'V-shape' pattern for suppression of higher-order modes loss by optimizing free design parameters of the HC-ARF. We find that a 5-tube nested HC-ARF has wider transmission window and better single-mode operation than a 6-tube HC-ARF. We show that the propagation loss can be significantly improved by using anisotropic nested anti-resonant tubes elongated in the radial direction. Our simulations indicate that with this novel fiber design, a propagation loss as low as 0.11 dB/km at 1.55 μm can be achieved. Our results provide design insight toward fully exploiting a single-mode, wide-band, and ultra low-loss HC-ARF. In addition, the extraordinary optical properties of the proposed fiber can be beneficial for several applications such as future optical communication system, high energy light transport, extreme non-nonlinear optics and beyond.
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Smith CR, Moltke A, Adamu AI, Michieletto M, Bowen P, Moselund PM, Markos C, Bang O. Low-noise tunable deep-ultraviolet supercontinuum laser. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18447. [PMID: 33116213 PMCID: PMC7595186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization of a table-top tunable deep-ultraviolet (UV) laser source with excellent noise properties would significantly benefit the scientific community, particularly within imaging and spectroscopic applications, where source noise has a crucial role. Here we provide a thorough characterization of the pulse-to-pulse relative intensity noise (RIN) of such a deep-UV source based on an argon (Ar)-filled anti-resonant hollow-core (AR HC) fiber. Suitable pump pulses are produced using a compact commercially available laser centered at 1030 nm with a pulse duration of 400 fs, followed by a nonlinear compression stage that generates pulses with 30 fs duration, 24.2 μJ energy at 100 kHz repetition rate and a RIN of < 1%. Pump pulses coupled into the AR HC fiber undergo extreme spectral broadening creating a supercontinuum, leading to efficient energy transfer to a phase-matched resonant dispersive wave (RDW) in the deep-UV spectral region. The center wavelength of the RDW could be tuned between 236 and 377 nm by adjusting the Ar pressure in a 140 mm length of fiber. Under optimal pump conditions the RIN properties were demonstrated to be exceptionally good, with a value as low as 1.9% at ~ 282 nm. The RIN is resolved spectrally for the pump pulses, the generated RDW and the broadband supercontinuum. These results constitute the first broadband RIN characterization of such a deep-UV source and provide a significant step forward towards a stable, compact and tunable laser source for applications in the deep-UV spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum R Smith
- DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Moltke
- DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Abubakar I Adamu
- DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Patrick Bowen
- NKT Photonics A/S, Blokken 84, 3460, Birkerød, Denmark
| | | | - Christos Markos
- DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,NORBLIS IVS, Virumgade 35D, 2830, Virum, Denmark
| | - Ole Bang
- DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. .,NKT Photonics A/S, Blokken 84, 3460, Birkerød, Denmark. .,NORBLIS IVS, Virumgade 35D, 2830, Virum, Denmark.
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Habib MS, Markos C, Antonio-Lopez JE, Amezcua-Correa R. Multioctave supercontinuum from visible to mid-infrared and bend effects on ultrafast nonlinear dynamics in gas-filled hollow-core fiber. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:D7-D11. [PMID: 31044814 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.0000d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Broadband supercontinuum generation is numerically investigated in a Xe-filled nested hollow-core antiresonant (HC-AR) fiber pumped at 3 μm with pulses of 100 fs duration and 15 μJ energy. For a 25 cm long fiber, under 7 bar pressure, the supercontinuum spectrum spans multiple octaves from 400 nm to 5000 nm. Furthermore, the influence of bending on ultrafast nonlinear pulse propagation dynamics is investigated for two types of HC-AR fibers (nested and non-nested capillaries). Our results predict similar nonlinear dynamics for both fiber types and a significant reduction of the spectral broadening under tight bending conditions.
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Turitsyn SK. On the theory of adiabatic field dynamics in the Kerr medium with distributed gain and dispersion. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1448-1451. [PMID: 30874673 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A general theory is presented for the adiabatic field evolution in a nonlinear Kerr medium with distributed amplification and varying dispersion. Analytical expression is derived linking parameters of the adiabaticity, gain distribution, and dispersion profile. As a particular example, an optical pulse compressor based on the adiabatic dynamics is examined.
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Adamu AI, Habib MS, Petersen CR, Lopez JEA, Zhou B, Schülzgen A, Bache M, Amezcua-Correa R, Bang O, Markos C. Deep-UV to Mid-IR Supercontinuum Generation driven by Mid-IR Ultrashort Pulses in a Gas-filled Hollow-core Fiber. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4446. [PMID: 30872762 PMCID: PMC6418117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercontinuum (SC) generation based on ultrashort pulse compression constitutes one of the most promising technologies towards ultra-wide bandwidth, high-brightness, and spatially coherent light sources for applications such as spectroscopy and microscopy. Here, multi-octave SC generation in a gas-filled hollow-core antiresonant fiber (HC-ARF) is reported spanning from 200 nm in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) to 4000 nm in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) having an output energy of 5 μJ. This was obtained by pumping at the center wavelength of the first anti-resonant transmission window (2460 nm) with ~100 fs pulses and an injected pulse energy of ~8 μJ. The mechanism behind the extreme spectral broadening relies upon intense soliton-plasma nonlinear dynamics which leads to efficient soliton self-compression and phase-matched dispersive wave (DW) emission in the DUV region. The strongest DW is observed at 275 nm which corresponds to the calculated phase-matching wavelength of the pump. Furthermore, the effect of changing the pump pulse energy and gas pressure on the nonlinear dynamics and their direct impact on SC generation was investigated. This work represents another step towards gas-filled fiber-based coherent sources, which is set to have a major impact on applications spanning from DUV to mid-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar I Adamu
- DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., DK, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Md Selim Habib
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, FL, 32816, Orlando, USA
| | | | - J Enrique Antonio Lopez
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, FL, 32816, Orlando, USA
| | - Binbin Zhou
- DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., DK, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Axel Schülzgen
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, FL, 32816, Orlando, USA
| | - Morten Bache
- DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., DK, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo Amezcua-Correa
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, FL, 32816, Orlando, USA
| | - Ole Bang
- DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., DK, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christos Markos
- DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., DK, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Ding X, Selim Habib M, Amezcua-Correa R, Moses J. Near-octave intense mid-infrared by adiabatic down-conversion in hollow anti-resonant fiber. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1084-1087. [PMID: 30821776 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We show that adiabatic down-conversion can be made the dominant four-wave mixing process in an anti-resonant hollow-core fiber for nearly a full octave of mid-infrared bandwidth with energy exceeding 10 μJ, allowing the generation of energetic and shapeable two-cycle pulses. A numerical study of a tapered fiber with an applied gas pressure gradient predicts the efficient conversion of a 770-860 nm near-infrared frequency band to 3-5 μm, while a linear transfer function allows pre-conversion pulse shaping and simple dispersion management. Our proposed system may prove to be useful in diverse research topics employing nonlinear spectroscopy or strong light-matter interactions.
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Habib MS, Antonio-Lopez JE, Markos C, Schülzgen A, Amezcua-Correa R. Single-mode, low loss hollow-core anti-resonant fiber designs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:3824-3836. [PMID: 30876007 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.003824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we numerically investigate various hollow-core anti-resonant (HC-AR) fibers towards low propagation and bend loss with effectively single-mode operation in the telecommunications window. We demonstrate how the propagation loss and higher-order mode modal contents are strongly influenced by the geometrical structure and the number of the anti-resonant cladding tubes. We found that 5-tube nested HC-AR fiber has a wider anti-resonant band, lower loss, and larger higher-order mode extinction ratio than designs with 6 or more anti-resonant tubes. A loss ratio between the higher-order modes and fundamental mode, as high as 12,000, is obtained in a 5-tube nested HC-AR fiber. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest higher-order mode extinction ratio demonstrated in a hollow-core fiber at 1.55 μm. In addition, we propose a modified 5-tube nested HC-AR fiber, with propagation loss below 1 dB/km from 1330 to 1660 nm. This fiber also has a small bend loss of ~15 dB/km for a bend radius of 1 cm.
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