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Luo W, Cao L, Shi Y, Wan L, Zhang H, Li S, Chen G, Li Y, Li S, Wang Y, Sun S, Karim MF, Cai H, Kwek LC, Liu AQ. Recent progress in quantum photonic chips for quantum communication and internet. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:175. [PMID: 37443095 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed significant progress in quantum communication and quantum internet with the emerging quantum photonic chips, whose characteristics of scalability, stability, and low cost, flourish and open up new possibilities in miniaturized footprints. Here, we provide an overview of the advances in quantum photonic chips for quantum communication, beginning with a summary of the prevalent photonic integrated fabrication platforms and key components for integrated quantum communication systems. We then discuss a range of quantum communication applications, such as quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation. Finally, the review culminates with a perspective on challenges towards high-performance chip-based quantum communication, as well as a glimpse into future opportunities for integrated quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lin Cao
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lingxiao Wan
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hui Zhang
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shuyi Li
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Guanyu Chen
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuan Li
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sijin Li
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yunxiang Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Shihai Sun
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518100, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Faeyz Karim
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Hong Cai
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
| | - Leong Chuan Kwek
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore.
| | - Ai Qun Liu
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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Liu Q, Huang Y, Du Y, Zhao Z, Geng M, Zhang Z, Wei K. Advances in Chip-Based Quantum Key Distribution. ENTROPY 2022; 24:1334. [PMCID: PMC9600573 DOI: 10.3390/e24101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantum key distribution (QKD), guaranteed by the principles of quantum mechanics, is one of the most promising solutions for the future of secure communication. Integrated quantum photonics provides a stable, compact, and robust platform for the implementation of complex photonic circuits amenable to mass manufacture, and also allows for the generation, detection, and processing of quantum states of light at a growing system’s scale, functionality, and complexity. Integrated quantum photonics provides a compelling technology for the integration of QKD systems. In this review, we summarize the advances in integrated QKD systems, including integrated photon sources, detectors, and encoding and decoding components for QKD implements. Complete demonstrations of various QKD schemes based on integrated photonic chips are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yinming Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yongqiang Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhengeng Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Minming Geng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhenrong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kejin Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Li M, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Ren X, Gong Q, Li Y. Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Integrated Photonic Quantum Chips for Generating Path-Encoded Bell States. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121111. [PMID: 33334077 PMCID: PMC7765531 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrated photonic quantum chip provides a promising platform to perform quantum computation, quantum simulation, quantum metrology and quantum communication. Femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW) is a potential technique to fabricate various integrated photonic quantum chips in glass. Several quantum logic gates fabricated by FLDW have been reported, such as polarization and path encoded quantum controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. By combining several single qubit gates and two qubit gates, the quantum circuit can realize different functions, such as generating quantum entangled states and performing quantum computation algorithms. Here we demonstrate the FLDW of integrated photonic quantum chips composed of one Hadamard gate and one CNOT gate for generating all four path-encoded Bell states. The experimental results show that the average fidelity of the reconstructed truth table reaches as high as 98.8 ± 0.3%. Our work is of great importance to be widely applied in many quantum circuits, therefore this technique would offer great potential to fabricate more complex circuits to realize more advanced functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.L.); (Q.Z.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.L.); (Q.Z.); (Q.G.)
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Y.C.); (X.R.)
| | - Xifeng Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Y.C.); (X.R.)
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.L.); (Q.Z.); (Q.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.L.); (Q.Z.); (Q.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, China
- Correspondence:
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