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Li Y, Guo Z, Zhao X, Liu S, Chen Z, Dong WF, Wang S, Sun YL, Wu X. An all-optical multidirectional mechano-sensor inspired by biologically mechano-sensitive hair sensilla. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2906. [PMID: 38575578 PMCID: PMC10994919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechano-sensitive hair-like sensilla (MSHS) have an ingenious and compact three-dimensional structure and have evolved widely in living organisms to perceive multidirectional mechanical signals. Nearly all MSHS are iontronic or electronic, including their biomimetic counterparts. Here, an all-optical mechano-sensor mimicking MSHS is prototyped and integrated based on a thin-walled glass microbubble as a flexible whispering-gallery-mode resonator. The minimalist integrated device has a good directionality of 32.31 dB in the radial plane of the micro-hair and can detect multidirectional displacements and forces as small as 70 nm and 0.9 μN, respectively. The device can also detect displacements and forces in the axial direction of the micro-hair as small as 2.29 nm and 3.65 μN, respectively, and perceive different vibrations. This mechano-sensor works well as a real-time, directional mechano-sensory whisker in a quadruped cat-type robot, showing its potential for innovative mechano-transduction, artificial perception, and robotics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihe Guo
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Wen-Fei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun-Lu Sun
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Wu Y, Duan B, Li C, Yang D. Multimode sensing based on optical microcavities. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2023; 16:29. [PMID: 37889446 PMCID: PMC10611689 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-023-00084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Optical microcavities have the ability to confine photons in small mode volumes for long periods of time, greatly enhancing light-matter interactions, and have become one of the research hotspots in international academia. In recent years, sensing applications in complex environments have inspired the development of multimode optical microcavity sensors. These multimode sensors can be used not only for multi-parameter detection but also to improve measurement precision. In this review, we introduce multimode sensing methods based on optical microcavities and present an overview of the multimode single/multi-parameter optical microcavities sensors. Expected further research activities are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Bing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Changhong Li
- School of Electronic Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Daquan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
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3
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Zhao X, Guo Z, Zhou Y, Guo J, Liu Z, Luo M, Li Y, Wang Q, Zhang M, Yang X, Wang Y, Sun YL, Wu X. Highly sensitive, modification-free, and dynamic real-time stereo-optical immuno-sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115477. [PMID: 37352760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Modification-free biosensing with high specificity and sensitivity is essential for miniaturized, online, integrated, and rapid, or even real-time molecular analyses. However, most optical biosensors are based on surface pre-modification or fluorescent labeling, and have either low sensitivity or low quality factor (Q). To address these difficulties, in this study, an optical sensor prototype was developed with a microbubble optofluidic channel integrated inside a Fabry-Pérot cavity to three-dimensionally tailor the intra-cavity light field via the intra-cavity lensing (microbubble) configuration. A high Q-factor (∼105), small mode volume, and high light energy density were experimentally achieved with this "stereo-sensor" while maintaining an ultrahigh refractive index (RI) sensitivity (679 nm/RIU) and ultra-small RI resolution (∼10-7 RIU at 950 nm). Moreover, specific detection of very low concentration of biomolecules (5 fg/mL for human IgG and 0.5 pg/mL for human serum albumin (HSA)) and wide range of protein concentrations (e.g., fg/mL-ng/mL for human IgG and pg/mL-ng/mL for HSA) without probe pre-modification were achieved owing to the RI change specifically associated with the probe-target binding and the corresponding bio-macromolecular conformation change. This modification-free stereosensing scenario is applicable to continuous, real-time, and multiplexed operations, thus showing potential for online, integrated, dynamic, biomolecular analyses in vitro or in vivo, such as the dynamic metabolic analysis of single cells or organoids and point-of-care tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhihe Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhiran Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Man Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - You Wang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yun-Lu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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4
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Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu L, Wu X, Xu L. Sensitivity Equalization and Dynamic Range Expansion with Multiple Optofluidic Microbubble Resonator Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:911. [PMID: 37887104 PMCID: PMC10605928 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel multi-optofluidic microbubble resonator (OMBR) sensitivity equalization method is presented that equalizes the sensing signal from different OMBRs. The method relies on the fact that the ratio of the wavelength shifts to the bulk refractive index sensitivity (BRIS) does not depend on the physical dimensions of the OMBR. The proof of concept is experimentally validated and the sensing signals from individual OMBRs can be directly compared. Furthermore, a wide dynamic range of sensing with favorable consistency and repeatability is achieved by piecing together signals from 20 OMBRs for HIV-1 p24 antigen detection from 50 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL (2.1 fM to 4.2 nM), indicating significant potential for practical applications, such as in drug screening and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Liying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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5
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Wu Y, Duan B, Song J, Tian H, Chen JH, Yang D, Huang S. Simultaneous temperature and pressure sensing based on a single optical resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:18851-18861. [PMID: 37381315 DOI: 10.1364/oe.489625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose a dual-parameter sensor for the simultaneous detection of temperature and pressure based on a single packaged microbubble resonator (PMBR). The ultrahigh-quality (∼107) PMBR sensor exhibits long-term stability with the maximum wavelength shift about 0.2056 pm. Here, two resonant modes with different sensing performance are selected to implement the parallel detection of temperature and pressure. The temperature and pressure sensitivities of resonant Mode-1 are -10.59 pm/°C and 0.1059 pm/kPa, while the sensitivities of Mode-2 are -7.69 pm/°C and 0.1250 pm/kPa, respectively. By adopting a sensing matrix, the two parameters are precisely decoupled and the root mean square error of measurement are ∼ 0.12 °C and ∼ 6.48 kPa, respectively. This work promises the potential for the multi-parameters sensing in a single optical device.
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6
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Zhao X, Zhou Y, Li Y, Guo J, Liu Z, Luo M, Guo Z, Yang X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wu X. Ultrasensitive optofluidic coupled Fabry-Perot capillary sensors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:45070-45081. [PMID: 36522917 DOI: 10.1364/oe.474132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Refractive index (RI) measurements are pertinent in concentration and biomolecular detection. Accordingly, an ultrasensitive optofluidic coupled Fabry-Perot (FP) capillary sensor based on the Vernier effect for RI sensing is proposed. Square capillaries integrated with the coupled FP microcavity provide multiple microfluidic channels while reducing the complexity of the fabrication process. The incoherent light source and spectrometer used during measurement facilitate the development of a low-cost sensing system. An ultrahigh RI sensitivity of 51709.0 nm/RIU and detection limit of 2.84 × 10-5 RIU are experimentally demonstrated, indicating acceptable RI sensing performance. The proposed sensor has significant potential for practical and low-cost applications such as RI, concentration, or biomolecular sensing.
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7
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Guo Z, Zhao X, Zhou Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Luo M, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhang M, Yang X. Label-free detection of cardiac troponin-I with packaged thin-walled microbubble resonators. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200151. [PMID: 35762487 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) is widely used for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diseases because of its myocardial specificity. Packaged microbubble resonators with thin wall are utilized for label-free and specific detection of cTnI based on whispering gallery mode (WGM). This packaged structure can provide a good protection for the biosensor, improve the anti-interference ability of the sensor and reduce the system noise. The theoretical detection limit of the biosensors for cTnI in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) is 0.4 ag mL-1 (0.02 aM ). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the biosensors can be used to detect cTnI molecules in simulated serum and the theoretical detection limit is also 0.4 ag mL-1 (0.02 aM ). These results are much far below the clinical cut-off value and show a huge application potential for the detection of cardiac biomarkers of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihe Guo
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiran Liu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, China
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8
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Zhao S, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Chen Y, Liu X, Yang Y, Dong Y, Huang Y, Wang T. Packaged optofluidic microbottle resonator for high-sensitivity bidirectional magnetic field sensing. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:2766-2769. [PMID: 35648925 DOI: 10.1364/ol.457168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a high-sensitivity bidirectional magnetic field sensor based on a packaged optofluidic microbottle resonator (OFMBR) filled with magnetic fluid (MF). The relationship between sensitivity and different wall thicknesses and radial modes of OFMBR is theoretically analyzed. Then the thin-wall OFMBR is fabricated by etching a capillary with the fusion discharge process. The OFMBR and tapered fiber is packaged with a portable and robust coupling configuration. By applying perpendicular or parallel magnetic field directions to the OFMBR, opposite refractive index responses of the MF can be obtained, with resonant wavelengths redshifted or blueshifted as the magnetic field intensity is increased. A magnetic field sensitivity of 98.23 pm/mT can be obtained by using the second-order radial mode when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the packaged OFMBR. When the magnetic field is parallel to the packaged OFMBR, the sensitivity is -304.80 pm/mT by using the third-order radial mode and the detection limit reaches 0.0656 mT. The proposed sensor has the advantages of easy fabrication, high sensitivity, and reliability, showing a great potential in bidirectional magnetic field application.
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9
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Optical Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microbubble Sensors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040592. [PMID: 35457896 PMCID: PMC9026417 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microbubble resonators are ideal optical sensors due to their high quality factor, small mode volume, high optical energy density, and geometry/design/structure (i.e., hollow microfluidic channels). When used in combination with microfluidic technologies, WGM microbubble resonators can be applied in chemical and biological sensing due to strong light–matter interactions. The detection of ultra-low concentrations over a large dynamic range is possible due to their high sensitivity, which has significance for environmental monitoring and applications in life-science. Furthermore, WGM microbubble resonators have also been widely used for physical sensing, such as to detect changes in temperature, stress, pressure, flow rate, magnetic field and ultrasound. In this article, we systematically review and summarize the sensing mechanisms, fabrication and packing methods, and various applications of optofluidic WGM microbubble resonators. The challenges of rapid production and practical applications of WGM microbubble resonators are also discussed.
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Zhao X, Chen Y, Guo Z, Zhou Y, Guo J, Liu Z, Zhang X, Xiao L, Fei Y, Wu X. Tunable optofluidic microbubble lens. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:8317-8329. [PMID: 35299575 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic microlenses are one of the crucial components in many miniature lab-on-chip systems. However, many optofluidic microlenses are fabricated through complex micromachining and tuned by high-precision actuators. We propose a kind of tunable optofluidic microbubble lens that is made by the fuse-and-blow method with a fiber fusion splicer. The optical focusing properties of the microlens can be tuned by changing the refractive index of the liquid inside. The focal spot size is 2.8 µm and the focal length is 13.7 µm, which are better than those of other tunable optofluidic microlenses. The imaging capability of the optofluidic microbubble lens is demonstrated under a resolution test target and the imaging resolution can reach 1 µm. The results indicate that the optofluidic microbubble lens possesses good focusing properties and imaging capability for many applications, such as cell counting, optical trapping, spatial light coupling, beam shaping and imaging.
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11
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Single-molecule optofluidic microsensor with interface whispering gallery modes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2108678119. [PMID: 35115398 PMCID: PMC8832994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108678119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical microresonators have emerged as promising platforms for label-free detection of molecules. However, approaching optimum sensitivity is hindered due to the weak tail of evanescent fields. Here, we report the implementation of the interface modes for ultrasensitive sensing in a microbubble resonator. With the electromagnetic field peaked at the interface between the optical resonator and the analyte solution, interface modes enable sensing of biomolecules with a detection limit of 0.3 pg/cm2. Single-molecule detection is further demonstrated using the plasmonic-enhanced interface modes. In addition, intrinsically integrated into a microfluidic channel, the sensor exhibits ultrasmall sample consumption down to 10 pL, providing an automatic platform for biomedical analysis. Label-free sensors are highly desirable for biological analysis and early-stage disease diagnosis. Optical evanescent sensors have shown extraordinary ability in label-free detection, but their potentials have not been fully exploited because of the weak evanescent field tails at the sensing surfaces. Here, we report an ultrasensitive optofluidic biosensor with interface whispering gallery modes in a microbubble cavity. The interface modes feature both the peak of electromagnetic-field intensity at the sensing surface and high-Q factors even in a small-sized cavity, enabling a detection limit as low as 0.3 pg/cm2. The sample consumption can be pushed down to 10 pL due to the intrinsically integrated microfluidic channel. Furthermore, detection of single DNA with 8 kDa molecular weight is realized by the plasmonic-enhanced interface mode.
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Toropov N, Osborne E, Joshi LT, Davidson J, Morgan C, Page J, Pepperell J, Vollmer F. SARS-CoV-2 Tests: Bridging the Gap between Laboratory Sensors and Clinical Applications. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2815-2837. [PMID: 34392681 PMCID: PMC8386036 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review covers emerging biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection together with a review of the biochemical and clinical assays that are in use in hospitals and clinical laboratories. We discuss the gap in bridging the current practice of testing laboratories with nucleic acid amplification methods, and the robustness of assays the laboratories seek, and what emerging SARS-CoV-2 sensors have currently addressed in the literature. Together with the established nucleic acid and biochemical tests, we review emerging technology and antibody tests to determine the effectiveness of vaccines on individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Toropov
- Living
Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Osborne
- Living
Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | | | - James Davidson
- Somerset
Lung Centre, Musgrove Park Hospital, Parkfield Drive, Taunton TA1 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin Morgan
- Somerset
Lung Centre, Musgrove Park Hospital, Parkfield Drive, Taunton TA1 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Page
- Somerset
Lung Centre, Musgrove Park Hospital, Parkfield Drive, Taunton TA1 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Pepperell
- Somerset
Lung Centre, Musgrove Park Hospital, Parkfield Drive, Taunton TA1 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Living
Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Optical biosensors have exhibited worthwhile performance in detecting biological systems and promoting significant advances in clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, food process control, and environmental monitoring. Without complexity in their pretreatment and probable influence on the nature of target molecules, these biosensors have additional advantages such as high sensitivity, robustness, reliability, and potential to be integrated on a single chip. In this review, the state of the art optical biosensor technologies, including those based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR), optical waveguides, optical resonators, photonic crystals, and optical fibers, are presented. The principles for each type of biosensor are concisely introduced and particular emphasis has been placed on recent achievements. The strengths and weaknesses of each type of biosensor have been outlined as well. Concluding remarks regarding the perspectives of future developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
| | - Junsheng Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
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Guo Z, Qin Y, Chen P, Hu J, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Liu Z, Fei Y, Jiang X, Wu X. Hyperboloid-Drum Microdisk Laser Biosensors for Ultrasensitive Detection of Human IgG. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000239. [PMID: 32510822 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators have been used as optical sensors in fundamental research and practical applications. The majority of WGM sensors are passive resonators that require complex systems, thereby limiting their practicality. Active resonators enable the remote excitation and collection of WGM-modulated fluorescence spectra, without requiring complex systems, and can be used as alternatives to passive microresonators. This paper demonstrates an active microresonator, which is a microdisk laser in a hyperboloid-drum (HD) shape. The HD microdisk lasers are a combination of a rhodamine B-doped photoresist and a silica microdisk. These HD microdisk lasers can be utilized for the detection of label-free biomolecules. The biomolecule concentration can be as low as 1 ag mL-1 , whereas the theoretical detection limit of the biosensor for human IgG in phosphate buffer saline is 9 ag mL-1 (0.06 aM ). Additionally, the biosensors are able to detect biomolecules in an artificial serum, with a theoretical detection limit of 9 ag mL-1 (0.06 aM ). These results are approximately four orders of magnitude more sensitive than those for the typical active WGM biosensors. The proposed HD microdisk laser biosensors show enormous detection potential for biomarkers in protein secretions or body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihe Guo
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yingchun Qin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Peizong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yiyan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoshun Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Fu L, Lu Q, Liu X, Chen X, Wu X, Xie S. Combining whispering gallery mode optofluidic microbubble resonator sensor with GR-5 DNAzyme for ultra-sensitive lead ion detection. Talanta 2020; 213:120815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Berneschi S, Bettazzi F, Giannetti A, Baldini F, Nunzi Conti G, Pelli S, Palchetti I. Optical whispering gallery mode resonators for label-free detection of water contaminants. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Yang X, Luo Y, Liu Y, Gong C, Wang Y, Rao YJ, Peng GD, Gong Y. Mass production of thin-walled hollow optical fibers enables disposable optofluidic laser immunosensors. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:923-930. [PMID: 32022063 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01216h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Disposable biosensors are of great importance in disease diagnosis due to their inherent merits of no cross-contamination and ease of use. Optofluidic laser (OFL) sensors are a new category of sensitive biosensors; however, it is challenging to cost-effectively mass-produce them to achieve disposability. Here, we report a disposable optofluidic laser immunosensor based on thin-walled hollow optical fibers (HOFs). Using a fiber draw tower, the fabrication parameters, including drawing speed and gas flow rate, are explored, and the HOF geometry is precisely controlled, which allows identical laser microring resonators to be distributed along the fibers. The disposable OFL immunosensor detects the protein concentration in the HOF through a wash-free immunoassay. Enabled by the disposable sensors, the statistical characteristics of 80 tests for each concentration greatly reduces the bioassay uncertainty. A low coefficient of variation (CV) of 3.3% confirms the high reproducibility of the disposable HOF-OFL sensors, and the mean of the normal distribution of the logarithmic OFL intensity serves as the sensing output. A limit of detection of 11 nM within a short assay time of 15 min is achieved. These disposable immunosensors possess the advantages of low cost, high reproducibility, fast assay, and low-volume consumption of sample and reagents. We believe that this work will inspire disposable optofluidics through the mass production of multifunctional microstructured optical fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Yanhua Luo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Yiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China. and School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Yun-Jiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Gang-Ding Peng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Yuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
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Chen Z, Guo Z, Mu X, Li Q, Wu X, Fu HY. Packaged microbubble resonator optofluidic flow rate sensor based on Bernoulli Effect. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:36932-36940. [PMID: 31873464 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.036932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel flow sensor based on dynamic fluid pressure changing in a packaged microbubble resonator without additional modification on its structure has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The results of sensing performance under both tunable laser source and broadband light source are presented. The flow rate sensitivity can reach up to 0.0196 pm / (µL/min). The fluid pressure variation caused by Bernoulli Effect is also analyzed theoretically.
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