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Fushitani M, Fujise H, Hishikawa A, You D, Saito S, Luo Y, Ueda K, Ibrahim H, Légaré F, Pratt ST, Eng-Johnsson P, Mauritsson J, Olofsson A, Peschel J, Simpson ER, Carpeggiani PA, Ertel D, Maroju PK, Moioli M, Sansone G, Shah R, Csizmadia T, Dumergue M, Nandiga Gopalakrishna H, Kühn S, Callegari C, Danailov M, Demidovich A, Raimondi L, Zangrando M, De Ninno G, Di Fraia M, Giannessi L, Plekan O, Rebernik Ribic P, Prince KC. Wave packet dynamics and control in excited states of molecular nitrogen. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:104203. [PMID: 38469909 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Wave packet interferometry with vacuum ultraviolet light has been used to probe a complex region of the electronic spectrum of molecular nitrogen, N2. Wave packets of Rydberg and valence states were excited by using double pulses of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), free-electron-laser (FEL) light. These wave packets were composed of contributions from multiple electronic states with a moderate principal quantum number (n ∼ 4-9) and a range of vibrational and rotational quantum numbers. The phase relationship of the two FEL pulses varied in time, but as demonstrated previously, a shot-by-shot analysis allows the spectra to be sorted according to the phase between the two pulses. The wave packets were probed by angle-resolved photoionization using an infrared pulse with a variable delay after the pair of excitation pulses. The photoelectron branching fractions and angular distributions display oscillations that depend on both the time delays and the relative phases of the VUV pulses. The combination of frequency, time delay, and phase selection provides significant control over the ionization process and ultimately improves the ability to analyze and assign complex molecular spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hikaru Fujise
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Daehyun You
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shu Saito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Heide Ibrahim
- INRS, Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Bld. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Francois Légaré
- INRS, Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Bld. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Stephen T Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Olofsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Dominik Ertel
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Praveen Kumar Maroju
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Moioli
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Sansone
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronak Shah
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamás Csizmadia
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mathieu Dumergue
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Sergei Kühn
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Zangrando
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Ninno
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Luca Giannessi
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Primoz Rebernik Ribic
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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Zhang P, Hoang VH, Wang C, Luu TT, Svoboda V, Le AT, Wörner HJ. Effects of Autoionizing Resonances on Wave-Packet Dynamics Studied by Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:153201. [PMID: 37115860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and theoretical study on the effect of autoionizing resonances in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The coherent excitation of N_{2} by ∼14.15 eV extreme-ultraviolet photons prepares a superposition of three dominant adjacent vibrational levels (v^{'}=14-16) in the valence b^{'} ^{1}Σ_{u}^{+} state, which are probed by the absorption of two or three near-infrared photons (800 nm). The superposition manifests itself as coherent oscillations in the measured photoelectron spectra. A quantum-mechanical simulation confirms that two autoionizing Rydberg states converging to the excited A ^{2}Π_{u} and B ^{2}Σ_{u}^{+} N_{2}^{+} cores are accessed by the resonant absorption of near-infrared photons. We show that these resonances apply different filters to the observation of the vibrational wave packet, which results in different phases and amplitudes of the oscillating photoelectron signal depending on the nature of the autoionizing resonance. This work clarifies the importance of resonances in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and particularly reveals the phase of vibrational quantum beats as a powerful observable for characterizing the properties of such resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Zhang
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Van-Hung Hoang
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Chuncheng Wang
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tran Trung Luu
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, SAR Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Vít Svoboda
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anh-Thu Le
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 196A Auditorium Road, Unit 3046, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Fushitani M, Pratt ST, You D, Saito S, Luo Y, Ueda K, Fujise H, Hishikawa A, Ibrahim H, Légaré F, Johnsson P, Peschel J, Simpson ER, Olofsson A, Mauritsson J, Carpeggiani PA, Maroju PK, Moioli M, Ertel D, Shah R, Sansone G, Csizmadia T, Dumergue M, Harshitha NG, Kühn S, Callegari C, Plekan O, Di Fraia M, Danailov MB, Demidovich A, Giannessi L, Raimondi L, Zangrando M, De Ninno G, Ribič PR, Prince KC. Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of complex resonances in molecular nitrogen. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:144305. [PMID: 33858156 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used the FERMI free-electron laser to perform time-resolved photoelectron imaging experiments on a complex group of resonances near 15.38 eV in the absorption spectrum of molecular nitrogen, N2, under jet-cooled conditions. The new data complement and extend the earlier work of Fushitani et al. [Opt. Express 27, 19702-19711 (2019)], who recorded time-resolved photoelectron spectra for this same group of resonances. Time-dependent oscillations are observed in both the photoelectron yields and the photoelectron angular distributions, providing insight into the interactions among the resonant intermediate states. In addition, for most states, we observe an exponential decay of the photoelectron yield that depends on the ionic final state. This observation can be rationalized by the different lifetimes for the intermediate states contributing to a particular ionization channel. Although there are nine resonances within the group, we show that by detecting individual photoelectron final states and their angular dependence, we can identify and differentiate quantum pathways within this complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Stephen T Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Daehyun You
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shu Saito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hikaru Fujise
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Heide Ibrahim
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Per Johnsson
- Lund University, Department of Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anna Olofsson
- Lund University, Department of Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Matteo Moioli
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Ertel
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronak Shah
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Sansone
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamás Csizmadia
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit, Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Mathieu Dumergue
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit, Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - N G Harshitha
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit, Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Sergei Kühn
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit, Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miltcho B Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexander Demidovich
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Primož Rebernik Ribič
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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Hishikawa A, Matsuda A, Fushitani M. Ultrafast Reaction Imaging and Control by Ultrashort Intense Laser Pulses. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Hishikawa
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akitaka Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mizuho Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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