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Evered SJ, Bluvstein D, Kalinowski M, Ebadi S, Manovitz T, Zhou H, Li SH, Geim AA, Wang TT, Maskara N, Levine H, Semeghini G, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Lukin MD. High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral-atom quantum computer. Nature 2023; 622:268-272. [PMID: 37821591 PMCID: PMC10567572 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to perform entangling quantum operations with low error rates in a scalable fashion is a central element of useful quantum information processing1. Neutral-atom arrays have recently emerged as a promising quantum computing platform, featuring coherent control over hundreds of qubits2,3 and any-to-any gate connectivity in a flexible, dynamically reconfigurable architecture4. The main outstanding challenge has been to reduce errors in entangling operations mediated through Rydberg interactions5. Here we report the realization of two-qubit entangling gates with 99.5% fidelity on up to 60 atoms in parallel, surpassing the surface-code threshold for error correction6,7. Our method uses fast, single-pulse gates based on optimal control8, atomic dark states to reduce scattering9 and improvements to Rydberg excitation and atom cooling. We benchmark fidelity using several methods based on repeated gate applications10,11, characterize the physical error sources and outline future improvements. Finally, we generalize our method to design entangling gates involving a higher number of qubits, which we demonstrate by realizing low-error three-qubit gates12,13. By enabling high-fidelity operation in a scalable, highly connected system, these advances lay the groundwork for large-scale implementation of quantum algorithms14, error-corrected circuits7 and digital simulations15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Evered
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dolev Bluvstein
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sepehr Ebadi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tom Manovitz
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hengyun Zhou
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- QuEra Computing Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophie H Li
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tout T Wang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nishad Maskara
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Harry Levine
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Giulia Semeghini
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Wu JL, Su SL, Wang Y, Song J, Xia Y, Jiang YY. Effective Rabi dynamics of Rydberg atoms and robust high-fidelity quantum gates with a resonant amplitude-modulation field. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1200-1203. [PMID: 32108805 DOI: 10.1364/ol.386765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With a resonant amplitude-modulation field on two Rydberg atoms, we propose a Rydberg antiblockade (RAB) regime, where the Rabi oscillation between collective ground and excited states is induced. A controlled-Z gate can be yielded through a Rabi cycle. Further, several common issues of the RAB gates are solved by modifying the parameter relation. The gate fidelity and gate robustness against the control error are enhanced with a shaped pulse. The requirement of control precision of the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction strength is relaxed. In addition, the atomic excitation is restrained and therefore the gate robustness against atomic decay is enhanced.
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