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Men F, Hu T, Jiang Z, Yang H, Gao Y, Zeng Q. The Creation of Multimode Luminescent Phosphor through an Oxygen Vacancy Center for High-Level Anticounterfeiting. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:668-676. [PMID: 38113464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Integrating multimode optical properties into a single material simultaneously is promising for improving the security level of fluorescent anticounterfeiting. However, there has been a lack of affirmative principles and unambiguous mechanisms that guide the design of such material. Herein, we achieve color-tunable photoluminescence, long-lived persistent emission, thermally stimulated luminescence, and reversible photochromism in a Tb3+-activated Mg4Ga8Ge2O20 phosphor by employing the F-like color center as an energy reservoir. It is experimentally revealed that the role of oxygen vacancies in the lattice of Mg4Ga8Ge2O20 is assumed as the main trap for the photogenerated electronic carriers, which is the origin of metastable F-like color centers. The formed color centers with the estimated depths of 0.48-0.95 eV could suppress the recombination of electron-hole pairs, thus giving rise to good photochromism and persistent emission properties, while under various modes of stimulation such as thermal attack or photo radiation, a quick recombination of electron holes happens, accounting for the bright thermally stimulated luminescence and the accompanied color bleaching. Finally, we fabricate a flexible phosphor/polymer composite by encapsulating the developed phosphor into a polydimethylsiloxane matrix, and conceptual demonstration of the composite for the high-security fluorescent anticounterfeiting technology, by virtue of multimode optical phenomena as authentication signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchao Men
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province , P. R. China
| | - Tao Hu
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province , P. R. China
- Institute of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutralization, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Zelong Jiang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province , P. R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province , P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province , P. R. China
| | - Qingguang Zeng
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province , P. R. China
- Institute of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutralization, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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2
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Zhang S, Wang Q, Xu B, Hong R, Zhang D, Zhuang S. Electrically switchable multicolored filter using plasmonic nanograting integrated with liquid crystal for optical storage and encryption. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:11940-11953. [PMID: 37155817 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed the synergistic merging of twisted-nematic liquid crystals (LCs) and nanograting embedded etalon structures for plasmonic structure color generation, realizing dynamic multifunctional metadevices. Metallic nanogratings and dielectric cavities were designed to provide color selectivity at visible wavelengths. Meanwhile, the polarization for the transmission of light could be actively manipulated by electrically modulating these integrated LCs. Moreover, manufacturing independent metadevices as single storage units with electrically controlled programmability and addressability facilitated secure information encoding and secretive transfer by dynamic high-contrast images. The approaches will pave the way for the development of customized optical storage devices and information encryption.
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Wang T, Zheng H, You C, Ju J. A Texture-Hidden Anti-Counterfeiting QR Code and Authentication Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:795. [PMID: 36679589 PMCID: PMC9863413 DOI: 10.3390/s23020795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper designs a texture-hidden QR code to prevent the illegal copying of a QR code due to its lack of anti-counterfeiting ability. Combining random texture patterns and a refined QR code, the code is not only capable of regular coding but also has a strong anti-copying capability. Based on the proposed code, a quality assessment algorithm (MAF) and a dual feature detection algorithm (DFDA) are also proposed. The MAF is compared with several current algorithms without reference and achieves a 95% and 96% accuracy for blur type and blur degree, respectively. The DFDA is compared with various texture and corner methods and achieves an accuracy, precision, and recall of up to 100%, and also performs well on attacked datasets with reduction and cut. Experiments on self-built datasets show that the code designed in this paper has excellent feasibility and anti-counterfeiting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Changhui You
- School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianping Ju
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Hubei Business College, Wuhan 430079, China
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4
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Wei Y, Zhao M, Yang Z. Silicon metasurface embedded Fabry-Perot cavity enables the high-quality transmission structural color. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5344-5347. [PMID: 36240358 DOI: 10.1364/ol.468133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While nanoscale color generations have been studied for years, the high-performance transmission structural color, simultaneously equipped with large gamut, high resolution, and optical multiplexing abilities, still remains as a hanging issue. Here, a silicon metasurface embedded Fabry-Perot cavity is demonstrated to address this problem. By changing the planar geometries of meta-atoms, the cavities provide transmission colors with 194% sRGB gamut coverage and 141,111 DPI resolution, along with more than 300% enhanced angular tolerance. Such high density allows two-dimensional color mixing at the diffraction limit scale. Benefitting from the polarization manipulation capacity of the metasurface, arbitrary color arrangements between cyan and red for two orthogonal linear polarizations are also realized. Our proposed cavities can be used in filters, printings, optical storage, and many other applications in need of high quality and density colors.
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Choi S, Zhao Z, Zuo J, Faruque HMR, Yao Y, Wang C. Structural color printing via polymer-assisted photochemical deposition. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:84. [PMID: 35387968 PMCID: PMC8986859 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Structural color printings have broad applications due to their advantages of long-term sustainability, eco-friendly manufacturing, and ultra-high resolution. However, most of them require costly and time-consuming fabrication processes from nanolithography to vacuum deposition and etching. Here, we demonstrate a new color printing technology based on polymer-assisted photochemical metal deposition (PPD), a room temperature, ambient, and additive manufacturing process without requiring heating, vacuum deposition or etching. The PPD-printed silver films comprise densely aggregated silver nanoparticles filled with a small amount (estimated <20% volume) of polymers, producing a smooth surface (roughness 2.5 nm) even better than vacuum-deposited silver films (roughness 2.8 nm) at ~4 nm thickness. Further, the printed composite films have a much larger effective refractive index n (~1.90) and a smaller extinction coefficient k (~0.92) than PVD ones in the visible wavelength range (400 to 800 nm), therefore modulating the surface reflection and the phase accumulation. The capability of PPD in printing both ultra-thin (~5 nm) composite films and highly reflective thicker film greatly benefit the design and construction of multilayered Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity structures to exhibit vivid and saturated colors. We demonstrated programmed printing of complex pictures of different color schemes at a high spatial resolution of ~6.5 μm by three-dimensionally modulating the top composite film geometries and dielectric spacer thicknesses (75 to 200 nm). Finally, PPD-based color picture printing is demonstrated on a wide range of substrates, including glass, PDMS, and plastic, proving its broad potential in future applications from security labeling to color displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinhyuk Choi
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Zhi Zhao
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jiawei Zuo
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | | | - Yu Yao
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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Hussain S, Haider S, Al-Masry W, Park SY. Optical anticounterfeiting photonic bilayer film based on handedness of solid-state helicoidal structure. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37498-37503. [PMID: 35496384 PMCID: PMC9043834 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07021e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticounterfeiting photonic bilayer films were fabricated by sandwiching two solid-state cholesteric liquid crystal films having different handedness. The fabricated photonic bilayer films were successfully applied to patterning by selective photopolymerization. This photonic bilayer film as a new cryptographic technology is of interest for its anticounterfeiting application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hussain
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Waheed Al-Masry
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Soo-Young Park
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
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Kim K, Kim S, Choi S, Heo K, Ahn S, Na J. High-Definition Optophysical Image Construction Using Mosaics of Pixelated Wrinkles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002134. [PMID: 33344125 PMCID: PMC7740086 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite many efforts in structuring surfaces using mechanical instabilities, the practical application of these structures to advanced devices remains a challenging task due to the limited capability to control the local morphology. A platform that programs the orientation of mechanically anisotropic molecules is demonstrated; thus, the surface wrinkles, promoted by such instabilities, can be patterned in the desired manner. The optics based on a spatial light modulator assembles wrinkle pixels of a notably small dimension over a large area at fast fabrication speed. Furthermore, these pixelated wrinkles can be formed on curved geometries. The pixelated wrinkles can record images, which are naturally invisible, by mapping the gray level to the orientation of wrinkles. They can retrieve those images using the patterned optical phase retardation generated under the crossed polarizers. As a result, it is shown that the pixelated wrinkles enable new applications in optics such as image storage, informative labeling, and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Kim
- Department of Convergence System EngineeringChungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
| | - Se‐Um Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Subi Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuyoung Heo
- Reliability Assessment CenterKorea Research Institute of Chemical TechnologyDaejeon34114Republic of Korea
| | - Suk‐kyun Ahn
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Jun‐Hee Na
- Department of Convergence System EngineeringChungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering EducationChungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
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Deng L, Deng J, Guan Z, Tao J, Chen Y, Yang Y, Zhang D, Tang J, Li Z, Li Z, Yu S, Zheng G, Xu H, Qiu CW, Zhang S. Malus-metasurface-assisted polarization multiplexing. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:101. [PMID: 32566171 PMCID: PMC7293268 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Polarization optics plays a pivotal role in diffractive, refractive, and emerging flat optics, and has been widely employed in contemporary optical industries and daily life. Advanced polarization manipulation leads to robust control of the polarization direction of light. Nevertheless, polarization control has been studied largely independent of the phase or intensity of light. Here, we propose and experimentally validate a Malus-metasurface-assisted paradigm to enable simultaneous and independent control of the intensity and phase properties of light simply by polarization modulation. The orientation degeneracy of the classical Malus's law implies a new degree of freedom and enables us to establish a one-to-many mapping strategy for designing anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures to engineer the Pancharatnam-Berry phase profile, while keeping the continuous intensity modulation unchanged. The proposed Malus metadevice can thus generate a near-field greyscale pattern, and project an independent far-field holographic image using an ultrathin and single-sized metasurface. This concept opens up distinct dimensions for conventional polarization optics, which allows one to merge the functionality of phase manipulation into an amplitude-manipulation-assisted optical component to form a multifunctional nano-optical device without increasing the complexity of the nanostructures. It can empower advanced applications in information multiplexing and encryption, anti-counterfeiting, dual-channel display for virtual/augmented reality, and many other related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangui Deng
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
- NOEIC, State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks, Wuhan Research Institute of Posts & Telecommunications, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Tao
- NOEIC, State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks, Wuhan Research Institute of Posts & Telecommunications, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583 Singapore
| | - Yan Yang
- Integrated Circuit Advanced Process Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Daxiao Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Jibo Tang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongyang Li
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Zile Li
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Shaohua Yu
- NOEIC, State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks, Wuhan Research Institute of Posts & Telecommunications, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxing Zheng
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
- NOEIC, State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks, Wuhan Research Institute of Posts & Telecommunications, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583 Singapore
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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Jung KY. Aerosol synthesis of TiO 2:Er 3+/Yb 3+ submicron-sized spherical particles and upconversion optimization for application as anti-counterfeiting materials. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16323-16329. [PMID: 35498821 PMCID: PMC9052833 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01549k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Er3+/Yb3+-doped TiO2 up-conversion (UC) phosphors were prepared by spray pyrolysis, and the UC luminescence properties were optimized by changing the calcination temperature and the concentration of Er3+ and Yb3+ dopants. TiO2:Er3+/Yb3+ showed green and red emissions due to the 2H11/2/4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transition and the 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transition of Er3+ ions, respectively. The R/G ratio between red (R) and green (G) emissions does not change significantly with Er concentration but increases linearly with increasing Yb3+ concentration. The dependence of UC luminescence intensity on 980 nm IR pumping power showed that both the red and green UC luminescence of TiO2:Er3+/Yb3+ occurred through a typical two-photon process. In terms of achieving the highest red UC emission intensity, the optimal Er3+ and Yb3+ contents are 0.3% and 7.0%, respectively. The UC intensity of TiO2:Er3+/Yb3+ particles increases until they are calcined at temperatures up to 600 °C and then decreases rapidly above 800 °C. This is because when the calcination temperature is 800 °C and higher, not only does the phase transition of TiO2:Er3+/Yb3+ occur from anatase to rutile, but also the Yb2Ti2O7 impurity phase is formed. According to SEM and TEM/EDX analysis, the prepared TiO2:Er3+/Yb3+ UC powders have an average particle size of 680 nm, a spherical shape with a dense structure, and Er and Yb are uniformly dispersed throughout the particles without local separation. A mark prepared using TiO2:Er3+/Yb3+ powder was found to have a UC emission high enough to be visually observed when irradiated with a portable 980 nm IR lamp. TiO2:Er/Yb spherical particles were synthesized by spray pyrolysis and their luminescence was optimized for application as anti-counterfeiting materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Youl Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University 1224-24 Cheonan-Daero, Seobuk-gu Cheonan Chungnam 31080 Republic of Korea
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Lee IH, Yu ES, Lee SH, Lee SD. Full-coloration based on metallic nanostructures through phase discontinuity in Fabry-Perot resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:33098-33110. [PMID: 31878384 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.033098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a flexible full-color plate using Fabry-Perot (FP) resonators with two different types of silver nanostructures, a uniform nanofilm and a layer of nanoislands, for transmissive color elements. Two different nanostructures with deep-subwavelength features are selectively generated according to the layer thickness during vacuum deposition with no patterning process. In the nanofilm case, the primary optical mode accountable for generating the color shifts to blue from the original FP resonance while in the nanoislands case, it shifts to red so that a wide spectrum in the visible range is available through the phase discontinuity in the FP resonators. The peaks in the FP resonance shifted toward the opposite directions are attributed to the opposite signs of the phase retardations by a nanofilm and nanoislands. This approach paves a new way of constructing full-color elements for a variety of display devices and image storage systems.
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