1
|
Zhang H, Ma Y, Liao K, Yang W, Liu Z, Ding D, Yan H, Li W, Zhang L. Rydberg atom electric field sensing for metrology, communication and hybrid quantum systems. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1515-1535. [PMID: 38614855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Rydberg atoms-based electric field sensing has developed rapidly over the past decade. A variety of theoretical proposals and experiment configurations are suggested and realized to improve the measurement metrics, such as intensity sensitivity, bandwidth, phase, and accuracy. The Stark effect and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) are fundamental physics principles behind the stage. Furthermore, various techniques such as amplitude- or frequency-modulation, optical homodyne read-out, microwave superheterodyne and frequency conversion based on multi-wave mixing in atoms are utilized to push the metrics into higher levels. In this review, different technologies and the corresponding metrics they had achieved were presented, hoping to inspire more possibilities in the improvement of metrics of Rydberg atom-based electric field sensing and broadness of application scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kaiyu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zongkai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dongsheng Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Wenhui Li
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Linjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ocola PL, Dimitrova I, Grinkemeyer B, Guardado-Sanchez E, Đorđević T, Samutpraphoot P, Vuletić V, Lukin MD. Control and Entanglement of Individual Rydberg Atoms near a Nanoscale Device. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:113601. [PMID: 38563952 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Coherent control of Rydberg atoms near dielectric surfaces is a major challenge due to the large sensitivity of Rydberg states to electric fields. We demonstrate coherent single-atom operations and two-qubit entanglement as close as 100 μm from a nanophotonic device. Using the individual atom control enabled by optical tweezers to study the spatial and temporal properties of the electric field from the surface, we employ dynamical decoupling techniques to characterize and cancel the electric-field noise with submicrosecond temporal resolution. We further use entanglement-assisted sensing to accurately map magnitude and direction of electric-field gradients on a micrometer scale. Our observations open a path for integration of Rydberg arrays with micro- and nanoscale devices for applications in quantum networking and quantum information science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma L Ocola
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ivana Dimitrova
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Brandon Grinkemeyer
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - Tamara Đorđević
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - Vladan Vuletić
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dynamic Polarizability of the 85Rb 5D3/2-State in 1064 nm Light. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a measurement of the dynamic (ac) scalar polarizability of the 5D3/2 state in 85Rb atoms at a laser wavelength of 1064 nm. Contrary to a recent measurement in Phys. Rev. A 104, 063304 (2021), the experiments are performed in a low-intensity regime in which the ac shift is less than the 5D3/2 state’s hyperfine structure, as utilized in numerous experiments with cold, trapped atoms. The extracted ac polarizability is α5D3/2=−499±59 a.u., within the uncertainty of the aforementioned previous result. The calibration of the 1064 nm light intensity, performed by analyzing light shifts of the D1 line, is the main source of uncertainty. Our results are useful for applications of the Rb 5D3/2 state in metrology, quantum sensing, and fundamental-physics research on Rydberg atoms and molecules.
Collapse
|
4
|
He R, Cui JM, Li RR, Qian ZH, Chen Y, Ai MZ, Huang YF, Li CF, Guo GC. An ion trap apparatus with high optical access in multiple directions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:073201. [PMID: 34340438 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical controls provided by lasers are the most important and essential techniques in trapped ion and cold atom systems. It is crucial to increase the optical accessibility of the setup to enhance these optical capabilities. Here, we present the design and construction of a new segmented-blade ion trap integrated with a compact glass vacuum cell, in place of the conventional bulky metal vacuum chamber. The distance between the ion and four outside surfaces of the glass cell is 15 mm, which enables us to install four high-numerical-aperture (NA) lenses (with two NA ⩽ 0.32 lenses and two NA ⩽ 0.66 lenses) in two orthogonal transverse directions, while leaving enough space for laser beams in the oblique and longitudinal directions. The high optical accessibility in multiple directions allows the application of small laser spots for addressable Raman operations, programmable optical tweezer arrays, and efficient fluorescence collection simultaneously. We have successfully loaded and cooled a string of 174Yb+ and 171Yb+ ions in the trap, which verifies the trapping stability. This compact high-optical-access trap setup not only can be used as an extendable module for quantum information processing but also facilitates experimental studies on quantum chemistry in a cold hybrid ion-atom system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jin-Ming Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rui-Rui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Ai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yun-Feng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|