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Zhang X, Zhong H, Wang S, He B, Cao L, Li M, Jiang M, Li Q. Subpixel motion artifacts correction and motion estimation for 3D-OCT. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024:e202400104. [PMID: 38955360 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A number of hardware-based and software-based strategies have been suggested to eliminate motion artifacts for improvement of 3D-optical coherence tomography (OCT) image quality. However, the hardware-based strategies have to employ additional hardware to record motion compensation information. Many software-based strategies have to need additional scanning for motion correction at the expense of longer acquisition time. To address this issue, we propose a motion artifacts correction and motion estimation method for OCT volumetric imaging of anterior segment, without requirements of additional hardware and redundant scanning. The motion correction effect with subpixel accuracy for in vivo 3D-OCT has been demonstrated in experiments. Moreover, the physiological information of imaging object, including respiratory curve and respiratory rate, has been experimentally extracted using the proposed method. The proposed method offers a powerful tool for scientific research and clinical diagnosis in ophthalmology and may be further extended for other biomedical volumetric imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haozhe Zhong
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Sainan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Physics and Center for Atomic and Molecular Nanoscience, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Liangqi Cao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaowen Jiang
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Brennan BD, Heitkotter H, Carroll J, Tarima S, Cooper RF. Quantifying image quality in AOSLO images of photoreceptors. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2849-2862. [PMID: 38855680 PMCID: PMC11161361 DOI: 10.1364/boe.516477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The use of "quality" to describe the usefulness of an image is ubiquitous but is often subject to domain specific constraints. Despite its continued use as an imaging modality, adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) lacks a dedicated metric for quantifying the quality of an image of photoreceptors. Here, we present an approach to evaluating image quality that extracts an estimate of the signal to noise ratio. We evaluated its performance in 528 images of photoreceptors from two AOSLOs, two modalities, and healthy or diseased retinas. The algorithm was compared to expert graders' ratings of the images and previously published image quality metrics. We found no significant difference in the SNR and grades across all conditions. The SNR and the grades of the images were moderately correlated. Overall, this algorithm provides an objective measure of image quality that closely relates to expert assessments of quality in both confocal and split-detector AOSLO images of photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brea D. Brennan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Heather Heitkotter
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joseph Carroll
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sergey Tarima
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert F. Cooper
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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de Castro A, Martínez-Enríquez E, Marcos S. Effect of fixational eye movements in corneal topography measurements with optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2138-2152. [PMID: 37206127 PMCID: PMC10191639 DOI: 10.1364/boe.486460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in applying optical coherence tomography (OCT) to quantify the topography of ocular structures. However, in its most usual configuration, OCT data is acquired sequentially while a beam is scanned through the region of interest, and the presence of fixational eye movements can affect the accuracy of the technique. Several scan patterns and motion correction algorithms have been proposed to minimize this effect, but there is no consensus on the ideal parameters to obtain a correct topography. We have acquired corneal OCT images with raster and radial patterns, and modeled the data acquisition in the presence of eye movements. The simulations replicate the experimental variability in shape (radius of curvature and Zernike polynomials), corneal power, astigmatism, and calculated wavefront aberrations. The variability of the Zernike modes is highly dependent on the scan pattern, with higher variability in the direction of the slow scan axis. The model can be a useful tool to design motion correction algorithms and to determine the variability with different scan patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto de Castro
- Instituto de Óptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Susana Marcos
- Instituto de Óptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Visual Science, The Institute of Optics, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Pandiyan VP, Schleufer S, Slezak E, Fong J, Upadhyay R, Roorda A, Ng R, Sabesan R. Characterizing cone spectral classification by optoretinography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6574-6594. [PMID: 36589563 PMCID: PMC9774847 DOI: 10.1364/boe.473608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Light propagation in photoreceptor outer segments is affected by photopigment absorption and the phototransduction amplification cascade. Photopigment absorption has been studied using retinal densitometry, while recently, optoretinography (ORG) has provided an avenue to probe changes in outer segment optical path length due to phototransduction. With adaptive optics (AO), both densitometry and ORG have been used for cone spectral classification based on the differential bleaching signatures of the three cone types. Here, we characterize cone classification by ORG, implemented in an AO line-scan optical coherence tomography (OCT), and compare it against densitometry. The cone mosaics of five color normal subjects were classified using ORG showing high probability (∼0.99), low error (<0.22%), high test-retest reliability (∼97%), and short imaging durations (< 1 hour). Of these, the cone spectral assignments in two subjects were compared against AO-scanning laser opthalmoscope densitometry. High agreement (mean: 91%) was observed between the two modalities in these two subjects, with measurements conducted 6-7 years apart. Overall, ORG benefits from higher sensitivity and dynamic range to probe cone photopigments compared to densitometry, and thus provides greater fidelity for cone spectral classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Prabhu Pandiyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sierra Schleufer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily Slezak
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Fong
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rishi Upadhyay
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Austin Roorda
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ren Ng
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ramkumar Sabesan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abstract
The high power of the eye and optical components used to image it result in "static" distortion, remaining constant across acquired retinal images. In addition, raster-based systems sample points or lines of the image over time, suffering from "dynamic" distortion due to the constant motion of the eye. We recently described an algorithm which corrects for the latter problem but is entirely blind to the former. Here, we describe a new procedure termed "DIOS" (Dewarp Image by Oblique Shift) to remove static distortion of arbitrary type. Much like the dynamic correction method, it relies on locating the same tissue in multiple frames acquired as the eye moves through different gaze positions. Here, the resultant maps of pixel displacement are used to form a sparse system of simultaneous linear equations whose solution gives the common warp seen by all frames. We show that the method successfully handles torsional movement of the eye. We also show that the output of the previously described dynamic correction procedure may be used as input for this new procedure, recovering an image of the tissue that is, in principle, a faithful replica free of any type of distortion. The method could be extended beyond ocular imaging, to any kind of imaging system in which the image can move or be made to move across the detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Bedggood
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Metha
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Christou JC, Girkin J, Kulcsár C, Young LK. Feature issue introduction: applications of adaptive optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:11533-11537. [PMID: 33984930 DOI: 10.1364/oe.418282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This feature issue of Optics Express follows the 2020 Imaging and Applied Optics Congress and comprises of articles on the development and use of adaptive optics across the broad range of domains in which the technique has been applied - including atmospheric correction, ophthalmology, vision science, microscopy, optical communications and beam control. This review provides a basic introduction to adaptive optics and a summary of the multidisciplinary articles included in this issue.
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