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Sun F, Fan X, Fang W, Zhao J, Xiao W, Li C, Wei X, Tao J, Wang Y, Kumar S. Multiple toroidal dipole Fano resonances from quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:18087-18098. [PMID: 38858973 DOI: 10.1364/oe.525196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a highly sensitive sensor consisting of a silicon nanorod and symmetric rings (SNSR) is presented. Theoretically, three Fano resonances with high Q-factors are excited in the near-infrared range by breaking the symmetry structure based on quasi-bound states in the continuum (Q-BICs). The electromagnetic near-field analysis confirms that the resonances are mainly controlled by toroidal dipole (TD) resonance. The structure is optimized by adjusting different geometrical parameters, and the maximum Q-factor of the Fano resonances can reach 7427. To evaluate the sensing performance of the structure, the sensitivity and the figure of merit (FOM) are calculated by adjusting the environmental refractive index: the maximum sensitivity of 474 nm/RIU and the maximum FOM of 3306 RIU-1. The SNSR can be fabricated by semiconductor-compatible processes, which is experimentally evaluated for changes in transmission spectra at different solution concentrations. The results show that the sensitivity and the Q-factor of the designed metasurface can reach 295 nm/RIU and 850, while the FOM can reach 235 RIU-1. Therefore, the metasurface of SNSR is characterized by high sensitivity and multi-wavelength sensing, which are current research hotspots in the field of optics and can be applied to biomedical sensing and multi-target detection.
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2
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Wang L, Dong Q, Zhou T, Zhao H, Wang L, Gao L. Multi-mode resonance of bound states in the continuum in dielectric metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:14276-14288. [PMID: 38859378 DOI: 10.1364/oe.514704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BIC) represent distinct non-radiative states endowed with infinite lifetime and vanishing resonance linewidth. Introducing asymmetric perturbation to the system can convert true BICs into high quality leaky modes which is useful in many photonic applications. Previously, such perturbation and resonance of interest is only limited to a single factor. However, different perturbations by unit cell gap, geometry and rotation angle result distinctive resonance modes. The combination of two perturbation factors can excite multi-mode resonance contributed from each asymmetric factor which coexist simultaneously; thus, the number of reflectance peaks can be controlled. In addition, we have carefully analyzed the electric field variations under different perturbation factors, followed by a multipolar decomposition of resonances to reveal underlying mechanisms of distinct resonance modes. Through simulations, we find that the introduction of multiple asymmetric perturbations also influences the metasurface sensitivity in refractive index sensing and compare the performance of different resonance modes. These observations provide structural design insights for achieving high quality resonance with multiple modes and ultra-sensitive sensing.
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Cao S, Fan X, Fang W, Du M, Sun Q, Niu H, Li C, Wei X, Bai C, Tao J, Li M, Chen B, Kumar S. Multi-function sensing applications based on high Q-factor multi-Fano resonances in an all-dielectric metastructure. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2406-2418. [PMID: 38633064 PMCID: PMC11019704 DOI: 10.1364/boe.518910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A multi-function sensor based on an all-dielectric metastructure for temperature and refractive index sensing simultaneously is designed and analyzed in this paper. The structure is composed of a periodic array of silicon dimers placed on the silicon dioxide substrate. By breaking the symmetry of the structure, the ideal bound states in the continuum can be converted to the quasi-bound states in the continuum, and three Fano resonances are excited in the near-infrared wavelength. Combining with the electromagnetic field distributions, the resonant modes of three Fano resonances are analyzed as magnetic dipole, magnetic toroidal dipole, and electric toroidal dipole, respectively. The proposed sensor exhibits an impressive maximal Q-factor of 9352, with a modulation depth approaching 100%. Our investigation into temperature and refractive index sensing properties reveals a maximum temperature sensitivity of 60 pm/K. Regarding refractive index sensing, the sensitivity and figure of merit are determined to be 279.5 nm/RIU and 2055.1 RIU-1, respectively. These findings underscore the potential of the all-dielectric metastructure for simultaneous multi-parameter measurements. The sensor's versatility suggests promising applications in biological and chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Cao
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Xinye Fan
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng, 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Wenjing Fang
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng, 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Mengcheng Du
- Pome Technology Co.,Ltd., Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Qinghe Sun
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Huijuan Niu
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng, 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Chuanchuan Li
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chenglin Bai
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng, 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Jifang Tao
- School of Information Science and Engineering (ISE), Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Mingxin Li
- Pome Technology Co.,Ltd., Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Baoxi Chen
- Pome Technology Co.,Ltd., Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K L Deemed to be University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India
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Chen H, Fan X, Fang W, Zhang B, Cao S, Sun Q, Wang D, Niu H, Li C, Wei X, Bai C, Kumar S. High-Q Fano resonances in all-dielectric metastructures for enhanced optical biosensing applications. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:294-305. [PMID: 38223189 PMCID: PMC10783900 DOI: 10.1364/boe.510149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Fano resonance with high Q-factor is considered to play an important role in the field of refractive index sensing. In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally investigate a refractive index sensor with high performance, realizing a new approach to excite multiple Fano resonances of high Q-factor by introducing an asymmetric parameter to generate a quasi-bound state in the continuum (BIC). Combined with the electromagnetic properties, the formation mechanism of Fano resonances in multiple different excitation modes is analyzed and the resonant modes of the three resonant peaks are analyzed as toroidal dipole (TD), magnetic quadrupole (MQ), and magnetic dipole (MD), respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed metastructure has excellent sensing properties with a Q-factor of 3668, sensitivity of 350 nm/RIU, and figure of merit (FOM) of 1000. Furthermore, the metastructure has been fabricated and investigated experimentally, and the result shows that its maximum Q-factor, sensitivity and FOM can reach 634, 233 nm/RIU and 115, respectively. The proposed metastructure is believed to further contribute to the development of biosensors, nonlinear optics, and lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Chen
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xinye Fan
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Wenjing Fang
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Bingyuan Zhang
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Shuangshuang Cao
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Qinghe Sun
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Huijuan Niu
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Chuanchuan Li
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenglin Bai
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Santosh Kumar
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KL Deemed to be University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522302, India
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Saadatmand SB, Shokouhi S, Ahmadi V, Hamidi SM. Design and analysis of a flexible Ruddlesden-Popper 2D perovskite metastructure based on symmetry-protected THz-bound states in the continuum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22411. [PMID: 38104133 PMCID: PMC10725462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A Ruddlesden-Popper 2D perovskite PEA2PbX4 (X = I, Br, and Cl) is proposed for metasurface applications. Density functional theory is used to analyze the optical, electrical, mechanical properties, moisture and thermodynamic stability of PEA2PbX4. The refractive index of PEA2PbX4 varies with the halides, resulting in 2.131, 1.901, and 1.842 for X = I, Br, and Cl, respectively. Mechanical properties with Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximations indicate that all three materials are flexible and ductile. Based on the calculations of formation energy and adsorption of water molecules, PEA2PbI4 has superior thermodynamic and moisture stability. We present a novel metasurface based on 2D-PEA2PbI4 and analyze symmetry protected-bound states in the continuum (sp-BIC) excitation. The proposed structure can excite multiple Fano quasi-BICs (q-BICs) with exceptionally high Q-factors. We verify the group theoretical analysis and explore the near-field distribution and far-field scattering of q-BICs. The findings indicate that x-polarized incident waves can excite magnetic toroidal dipole-electromagnetic-induced transparency-BIC and magnetic quadrupole-BIC, while y-polarized incident waves can excite electric toroidal dipole-BIC and electric quadrupole-BIC. The influence of meta-atom and substrate losses, array size limitations, and fabrication tolerances are also discussed. The proposed structure can be employed for applications in the THz region, such as polarization-dependent filters, bidirectional optical switches, and wearable photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samad Shokouhi
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ahmadi
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Mehri Hamidi
- Magneto-Plasmonic Lab, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Lee S, Kim S. Perfect Absorption and Reflection Modulation Based on Asymmetric Slot-Assisted Gratings without Mirrors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2922. [PMID: 37999276 PMCID: PMC10675763 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
As a perfect graphene absorber without any external mirrors, we proposed asymmetric slot-assisted grating structures supporting two degenerate resonant modes of the guided-mode resonances (GMR) and the quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC). The GMR mode functions as an internal mirror in conjunction with the background scattering, while the quasi-BIC, which is responsible for perfect graphene absorption, stems from the horizontal symmetry breaking by an asymmetric slot. By properly shifting the slot center from the grating center, the leakage rate of quasi-BIC can be controlled in such a way as to satisfy the critical coupling condition. We provide a comprehensive study on the coupling mechanism of two degenerate resonant modes for a one-port system mimicking the resonance. We also numerically demonstrated that our proposed grating structures show an excellent reflection-type modulation performance at optical wavelength ranges when doped double-layer graphene is applied. Due to the perfect absorption at the OFF state, a high modulation depth of ~50 dB can be achieved via a small Fermi level variation of ~0.05 eV. To obtain the lower insertion loss at the ON state, the higher Fermi level is required to decrease the graphene absorption coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sangin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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7
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Pang J, Fang W, Guo H, Wang T, Fan X, Niu H, Huang Y, Bai C. High Q-factor Fano resonances based on a permittivity-asymmetric dielectric pea-shaped cylinder. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:8381-8389. [PMID: 38037943 DOI: 10.1364/ao.502597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigate two Fano resonances with high Q-factors based on a permittivity-asymmetric metastructure composed of two pea-shaped cylinders. By employing different materials to break the permittivity-asymmetry, the quasi-bound state of the continuum spectrum (BIC) resonance at 982.87 nm is excited, showing the Q-factor as high as 8183.7. The electromagnetic fields and vectors are analyzed by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the resonance modes are identified as magnetic dipole (MD) responses and MDs by multipole decomposition in Cartesian coordinates, displaying that the light is confined within a pea-shaped cylinder to achieve localized field enhancement. In addition, the sensing performances of the metastructure are evaluated, and an optical refractive index sensor can be obtained with the sensitivity of 152 nm/RIU and maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 832.6. This proposed structure offers a new, to the best of our knowledge, way to achieve Fano resonant excitation on all-dielectric metastructures and can be used in nonlinear optics, biosensing, optical switches, and lasers.
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8
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Wang D, Lv J, Wang J, Ren Y, Yu Y, Li W, Chu PK, Liu C. Design of optical anapole modes of all-dielectric nanoantennas for SERS applications. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:5538-5546. [PMID: 37706872 DOI: 10.1364/ao.494145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
To obtain large electric field enhancement while mitigating material losses, an all-dielectric nanoantenna composed of a heptamer and nanocubes is designed and analyzed. A numerical simulation by the finite element method reveals that the nanoantenna achieves the optical electric anapole modes, thereby significantly enhancing the coupling between different dielectrics to further improve the near-field enhancement and spontaneous radiation. Field enhancement factors |E/E 0|2 of 3,563 and 5,395 (AM1 and AM2) and a Purcell factor of 3,872 are observed in the wavelength range between 350 and 800 nm. This nanoantenna has promising potential in applications involving surface-enhanced Raman scattering and nonlinearities due to its low cost and excellent compatibility.
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Jiang X, Fang B, Zhan C. Theoretical Enhancement of the Goos-Hänchen Shift with a Metasurface Based on Bound States in the Continuum. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1109. [PMID: 37374694 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift has become a research hotspot due to its promoted application of the GH effect in various fields. However, currently, the maximum GH shift is located at the reflectance dip, making it difficult to detect GH shift signals in practical applications. This paper proposes a new metasurface to achieve reflection-type bound states in the continuum (BIC). The GH shift can be significantly enhanced by the quasi-BIC with a high quality factor. The maximum GH shift can reach more than 400 times the resonant wavelength, and the maximum GH shift is located exactly at the reflection peak with unity reflectance, which can be applied to detect the GH shift signal. Finally, the metasurface is used to detect the variation in the refractive index, and the sensitivity can reach 3.58 × 106 μm/RIU (refractive index unit) according to the simulation's calculations. The findings provide a theoretical basis to prepare a metasurface with high refractive index sensitivity, a large GH shift, and high reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Jiang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- College of Information Engineering, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Bin Fang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chunlian Zhan
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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10
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Fan H, Li J, Sun Y, Wang X, Wu T, Liu Y. Asymmetric Cross Metasurfaces with Multiple Resonances Governed by Bound States in the Continuum. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2227. [PMID: 36984105 PMCID: PMC10056157 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The bound state in the continuum (BIC) has paved a new way to achieve excellent localization of the resonant mode coexisting with a continuous spectrum in the metasurface. Here, we propose an all-dielectric metasurface consisting of periodic pairs of asymmetric crosses that supports multiple Fano resonances. Due to the sufficient degrees of freedom in the unit cell, we displaced the vertical bars horizontally to introduce in-plane perturbation, doubling the unit cell structure. Dimerization directly resulted in the folding of the Brillouin zone in k space and transformed the BIC modes into quasi-BIC resonances. Then, simultaneous in-plane symmetry breaking was introduced in both the x and y directions to excite two more resonances. The physical mechanisms of these BIC modes were investigated by multipole decomposition of the scattering cross section and electromagnetic near-field analysis, confirming that they are governed by toroidal dipole (TD) modes and magnetic dipole (MD) modes. We also investigated the flexible tunability and evaluated the sensing performance of our proposed metasurface. Our work is promising for different applications requiring stable and tunable resonances, such as optical switching and biomolecule sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Yuhang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Tiesheng Wu
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
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11
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Jing Z, Jiaxian W, Lizhen G, Weibin Q. High-Sensitivity Sensing in All-Dielectric Metasurface Driven by Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:505. [PMID: 36770466 PMCID: PMC9920430 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC) in all-dielectric metasurfaces provide a crucial platform for sensing due to its ability to enhance strong matter interactions between light-waves and analytes. In this study, a novel high-sensitivity all-dielectric sensor composed of a periodic array of silicon (Si) plates with square nanoholes in the continuous near-infrared band is theoretically proposed. By adjusting the position of the square nanohole, the symmetry-protected BIC and Friedrich-Wintgen BIC (FW-BIC) can be excited. The torodial dipole (TD) and electric quadruple (EQ) are demonstrated to play a dominating role in the resonant modes by near-field analysis and multipole decomposition. The results show that the sensitivity, the Q-factor, and the corresponding figure of merit (FOM) can simultaneously reach 399 nm/RIU (RIU is refractive index unit), 4959, and 1281, respectively. Compared with other complex nanostructures, the proposed metasurface is more feasible and practical, which may open up an avenue for the development of ultrasensitive sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jing
- Computer Science and Information Engineering School, Xiamen Institute of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wang Jiaxian
- Computer Science and Information Engineering School, Xiamen Institute of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Gao Lizhen
- Computer Science and Information Engineering School, Xiamen Institute of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiu Weibin
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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12
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Bi L, Fan X, Li C, Zhao H, Fang W, Niu H, Bai C, Wei X. Multiple Fano resonances on the metastructure of all-dielectric nanopore arrays excited by breaking two-different-dimensional symmetries. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12990. [PMID: 36820188 PMCID: PMC9938478 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We have designed and analyzed the high quality-factor (Q-factor), multiple Fano resonances device on the basis of the all-dielectric metastructure. The unit structure consists of two rectangular air holes etched within a silicon cube and periodically aligns on the substrate of silicon dioxide. The results demonstrate that four Fano resonances are achieved by integrating the theory of bound states in the continuum (BIC)and breaking the symmetry (width symmetry or depth symmetry) of two rectangle air holes, and the resonant wavelength can be modified by altering structural parameters. The sensing characteristics of the presented structure are studied. The sensitivity(S) of 304 nm/RIU, the maximal Q-factor of 2142 and the figure of merit (FOM) of 515.3 are achieved while width symmetry is broken. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of 280 nm/RIU, the maximal Q-factor of 2517 and the FOM of 560 are gotted through breaking depth symmetry. The proposed metastructures can be used for the lasers, biosensing and nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Bi
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Xinye Fan
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China,Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng, 252000, China,Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng, 252000, China,Corresponding author. School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Chuanchuan Li
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hening Zhao
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Wenjing Fang
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng, 252000, China,Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng, 252000, China,Corresponding author. School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Huijuan Niu
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng, 252000, China,Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Chenglin Bai
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng, 252000, China,Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China,Corresponding author.
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13
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Luo M, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Li Y, Guo Z, Yang X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wu X. Label-Free Bound-States-in-the-Continuum Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1120. [PMID: 36551087 PMCID: PMC9775062 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have attracted considerable attentions for biological and chemical sensing due to their infinite quality (Q)-factors in theory. Such high-Q devices with enhanced light-matter interaction ability are very sensitive to the local refractive index changes, opening a new horizon for advanced biosensing. In this review, we focus on the latest developments of label-free optical biosensors governed by BICs. These BICs biosensors are summarized from the perspective of constituent materials (i.e., dielectric, metal, and hybrid) and structures (i.e., grating, metasurfaces, and photonic crystals). Finally, the current challenges are discussed and an outlook is also presented for BICs inspired biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhihe Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - You Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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14
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Li C, Yang R. Generating different polarized multiple Fano resonances for highly sensitive sensing using hybrid graphene-dielectric metasurfaces. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5833-5836. [PMID: 37219115 DOI: 10.1364/ol.474383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the perfect generation of four Fano resonances with different polarizations in the mid-infrared regime through a hybrid graphene-dielectric metasurface consisting of three pieces of silicon embedded with graphene sheets over the CaF2 substrate. Through monitoring the variations of polarization extinction ratio of the transmitting fields, a tiny difference of analyte refractive index can readily be detected from the drastic changes at Fano resonant frequencies in both co- and cross-linearly polarized components. Especially, the reconfigurable characteristic of graphene would be capable of tuning the detecting spectrum by pairwise regulating the four resonances. The proposed design should pave the way for more advanced bio-chemical sensing and environmental monitoring using metadevices with different polarized Fano resonances.
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15
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Cerjan B, Gerislioglu B, Link S, Nordlander P, Halas NJ, Griep MH. Towards scalable plasmonic Fano-resonant metasurfaces for colorimetric sensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:405201. [PMID: 35732108 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac7b33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transitioning plasmonic metasurfaces into practical, low-cost applications requires meta-atom designs that focus on ease of manufacturability and a robustness with respect to structural imperfections and nonideal substrates. It also requires the use of inexpensive, earth-abundant metals such as Al for plasmonic properties. In this study, we focus on combining two aspects of plasmonic metasurfaces-visible coloration and Fano resonances-in a morphology amenable to scalable manufacturing. The resulting plasmonic metasurface is a candidate for reflective colorimetric sensing. We examine the potential of this metasurface for reflective strain sensing, where the periodicity of the meta-atoms could ultimately be modified by a potential flexion, and for localized surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensing. This study evaluates the potential of streamlined meta-atom design combined with low-cost metallization for inexpensive sensor readout based on human optical perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cerjan
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
| | - Burak Gerislioglu
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
| | - Stephan Link
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
| | - Naomi J Halas
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
| | - Mark H Griep
- US Army Research Laboratory, 4600 Deer Creek Loop, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, United States of America
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16
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Badri SH, SaeidNahaei S, Kim JS. Polarization-sensitive tunable extraordinary terahertz transmission based on a hybrid metal-vanadium dioxide metasurface. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:5972-5979. [PMID: 36255837 DOI: 10.1364/ao.460547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermally tunable extraordinary terahertz transmission in a hybrid metal-vanadium dioxide (VO2) metasurface is numerically demonstrated. The metasurface consists of a metal sheet perforated by square loops, while the loops are connected with strips of VO2. The frequency and amplitude of the transmission resonance are modulated by controlling the conductivity of VO2. For a y-polarized incident field, the resonance transmission peak redshifts from 0.88 to 0.81 THz upon insulator-to-metallic phase transition of VO2. For an x-polarized incident field, the transmission resonance at 0.81 THz is observed in the insulator phase. However, in the metallic phase of VO2, the electromagnetic field is effectively reflected in the 0.5-1.1 THz range with a transmission level lower than 0.14. The proposed metasurface can be utilized as a terahertz modulator, reconfigurable filter, or switch.
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17
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Wang Y, Zhou C, Huo Y, Cui P, Song M, Liu T, Zhao C, Liao Z, Zhang Z, Xie Y. Efficient Excitation and Tuning of Multi-Fano Resonances with High Q-Factor in All-Dielectric Metasurfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2292. [PMID: 35808128 PMCID: PMC9268095 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exciting Fano resonance can improve the quality factor (Q-factor) and enhance the light energy utilization rate of optical devices. However, due to the large inherent loss of metals and the limitation of phase matching, traditional optical devices based on surface plasmon resonance cannot obtain a larger Q-factor. In this study, a silicon square-hole nano disk (SHND) array device is proposed and studied numerically. The results show that, by breaking the symmetry of the SHND structure and transforming an ideal bound state in the continuum (BIC) with an infinite Q-factor into a quasi-BIC with a finite Q-factor, three Fano resonances can be realized. The calculation results also show that the three Fano resonances with narrow linewidth can produce significant local electric and magnetic field enhancements: the highest Q-factor value reaches 35,837, and the modulation depth of those Fano resonances can reach almost 100%. Considering these properties, the SHND structure realizes multi-Fano resonances with a high Q-factor, narrow line width, large modulation depth and high near-field enhancement, which could provide a new method for applications such as multi-wavelength communications, lasing, and nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhou
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yiping Huo
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Meina Song
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Tong Liu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zuxiong Liao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhongyue Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - You Xie
- College of Science, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;
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18
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All-Optical Tuning of Fano Resonance for Quasi-BIC and Terahertz Sensing Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bound states in the continuum (BIC) support anomalous resonances in the optical or terahertz band with a theoretically infinite quality factor. Therefore, it has great application prospects in the field of sensors. However, the current regulation of BIC mainly relies on the asymmetry of the material structure, which requires high processing technology. The structure can hardly be effectively adjusted once it is formed. In this work, we propose a new metasurface consisting of an array rectangular hole structure combined with aluminum and photosensitive silicon, which supports quasi-BIC to achieve ultrasensitive sensing in the terahertz range. By introducing photosensitive silicon, the asymmetry of the structure is efficiently controlled by the light field, thus realizing the bidirectional continuous control from quasi-BIC to BIC-like states. Through the optimization of the structure, a class of highly sensitive terahertz sensing based on optical tuning is finally proposed. The narrow-band quasi-BIC resonance is sensitive to medium thickness and refractive index, and compared with pure metal structure, the sensitivity and dynamic range can be increased by 2.60 times and 2.63 times, respectively. Due to the high slope of the Fano lineshape, sensitivity can reach 9.41 GHz/RIU and 0.65 GHz/μm, respectively. Furthermore, this feasible and practical structure provides an ideal platform for highly sensitive sensing.
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19
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Liu L, Ge L. Toroidal dipole resonances by a sub-wavelength all-dielectric torus. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:7491-7500. [PMID: 35299510 DOI: 10.1364/oe.451499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic toroidal excitations open up a new avenue for strong light-matter interactions. Although toroidal dipole resonances (TDRs) based on artificial meta-molecules were reported intensely, the TDRs supported in a single dielectric particle remain largely unknown. In this work, we show that an all-dielectric sub-wavelength torus can support a dominant TDR. The magnetic field can be enhanced greatly, and it shows a "vortex-like" configuration in the torus, confirming the toroidal excitation. The evolutions of the TDRs due to the geometrical parameters, dielectric permittivity, and polarization are discussed. It is found that the toroidal excitation is achieved mainly for TM polarization, while the anapole state is uncovered for TE polarization. This work suggests a new strategy for toroidal excitations based on a simple dielectric resonator.
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20
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Yu S, Wang Y, Gao Z, Li H, Song S, Yu J, Zhao T. Dual-band polarization-insensitive toroidal dipole quasi-bound states in the continuum in a permittivity-asymmetric all-dielectric meta-surface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:4084-4095. [PMID: 35209653 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high quality (Q) factor resonances derived from the bound states in the continuum (BICs) have drawn much attention in optics and photonics. Especially in meta-surfaces, they can enable ultrasensitive sensors, spectral filtering, and lasers because of their enhanced light-matter interactions and rare superiority of scalability. In this paper, we propose a permittivity-asymmetric all-dielectric meta-surface, comprising high-index cuboid tetramer clusters with symmetric structural parameters and configuring periodically on a glass substrate. Simulation results offer dual-band quasi-BICs with high Q values of 4447 and 11391, respectively. Multipolar decomposition in cartesian and electromagnetic distributions are engaged to analyze the physical mechanism of dual quasi-BIC modes, which reveals that they are both governed by magnetic quadrupole (MQ) and in-plane toroidal dipole (TD). The polarization-insensitive and scalable characteristics are also investigated. Additionally, we appraise the sensing performances of the proposed structure. As an example, our work supports an uncommon route to design dual-band polarization-insensitive TD quasi-BICs resonators and facilitates their applications in optic and photonics, such as low-threshold lasers and sensing.
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