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Sahoo MK, Anand Vs A, Kumar A. Electroplating-based engineering of plasmonic nanorod metamaterials for biosensing applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:195301. [PMID: 36745912 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acb948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sensing lower molecular weight in a diluted solution using a label-free biosensor is challenging and requires a miniaturized plasmonic structure, e.g. a vertical Au nanorod (AuNR) array-based metamaterials. The sensitivity of a sensor mainly depends on transducer properties and hence for instance, the AuNR array geometry requires optimization. Physical vapour deposition methods (e.g. sputtering and e-beam evaporation) require a vacuum environment to deposit Au, which is costly, time-consuming, and thickness-limited. On the other hand, chemical deposition, i.e. electroplating deposit higher thickness in less time and at lower cost, becomes an alternative method for Au deposition. In this work, we present a detailed optimization for the electroplating-based fabrication of these metamaterials. We find that slightly acidic (6.0 < pH < 7.0) gold sulfite solution supports immersion deposition, which should be minimized to avoid uncontrolled Au deposition. Immersion deposition leads to plate-like (for smaller radius AuNR) or capped-like, i.e. mushroom (for higher radius AuNR) structure formation. The electroplating time and DC supply are the tuning parameters that decide the geometry of the vertically aligned AuNR array in area-dependent electroplating deposition. This work will have implications for developing plasmonic metamaterial-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Kumar Sahoo
- Laboratory of Optics of Quantum Materials (LOQM), Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhay Anand Vs
- Laboratory of Optics of Quantum Materials (LOQM), Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anshuman Kumar
- Laboratory of Optics of Quantum Materials (LOQM), Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India
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Cao F, Zhao X, Lv X, Hu L, Jiang W, Yang F, Chi L, Chang P, Xu C, Xie Y. An LSPR Sensor Integrated with VCSEL and Microfluidic Chip. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152607. [PMID: 35957038 PMCID: PMC9370176 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The work introduces a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor chip integrated with vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Using VCSEL as the light source, the hexagonal gold nanoparticle array was integrated with anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as the mask on the light-emitting end face. The sensitivity sensing test of the refractive index solution was realized, combined with microfluidic technology. At the same time, the finite-difference time- domain (FDTD) algorithm was applied to model and simulate the gold nanostructures. The experimental results showed that the output power of the sensor was related to the refractive index of the sucrose solution. The maximum sensitivity of the sensor was 1.65 × 106 nW/RIU, which gives it great application potential in the field of biomolecular detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Xupeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductor, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-10-67391641-868 (Y.X.)
| | - Liangchen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Li Chi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-10-67391641-868 (Y.X.)
| | - Pengying Chang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Yiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (W.J.); (F.Y.); (P.C.); (C.X.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-10-67391641-868 (Y.X.)
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Ding S, Zhang J, Liu C, Li N, Zhang S, Wang Z, Xi M. Investigation of Plasmonic-Enhanced Solar Photothermal Effect of Au NR@PVDF Micro-/Nanofilms. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20750-20760. [PMID: 35755366 PMCID: PMC9219058 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanospheres (Au NSs) and gold nanorods (Au NRs) are traditional noble metal plasmonic nanomaterials. Particularly, Au NRs with tunable longitudinal plasmon resonance from the visible to the near-infrared (NIR) range were suitable for highly efficient photothermal applications due to the extended light-receiving range. In this work, we synthesized Au NRs and Au NSs of similar volumes and subsequently developed them into Au NR/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and Au NS/PVDF nanofilms, both of which exhibited excellent solar photothermal performance evaluated by solar photothermal experiments. We found that the Au NR/PVDF nanofilm showed a higher solar photothermal performance than the Au NS/PVDF nanofilm. Through detailed analysis, such as morphological characterization, optical measurement, and finite element method (FEM) modeling, we found that the plasmonic coupling effects inside the aggregated Au NR nanoclusters contributed to the spectral blue shifts and intensified the photothermal performance. As compared to Au NS/PVDF nanofilms, the Au NR/PVDF nanofilm exhibited a higher efficient light-to-heat conversion rate because of the extended light-receiving range and high absorbance, as a result of the strong plasmonic interactions inside nanoclusters, which was further validated by monochromatic laser photothermal experiments and FEM simulations. Our work proved that the Au NRs have huge potential for plasmonic solar photothermal applications and are envisioned for novel plasmonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyi Ding
- School
of Mechatronics & Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, P. R. China
- Institute
of Solid State Physics and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy
Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes
of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- School
of Mechatronics & Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, P. R. China
- Institute
of Solid State Physics and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy
Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes
of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Cui Liu
- Institute
of Solid State Physics and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy
Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes
of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Nian Li
- Institute
of Solid State Physics and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy
Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes
of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- Institute
of Solid State Physics and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy
Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes
of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Wang
- Institute
of Solid State Physics and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy
Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes
of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Min Xi
- Institute
of Solid State Physics and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy
Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes
of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
- The
Key Laboratory Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
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Seyyedmasoumian S, Attariabad A, Farmani A. FEM analysis of a λ 3/125 high sensitivity graphene plasmonic biosensor for low hemoglobin concentration detection. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:120-125. [PMID: 35200803 DOI: 10.1364/ao.443822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive plasmonic refractive index biosensor for hemoglobin protein detection in blood is presented in the near-infrared region. The proposed Au split-ring resonator structure with an extra arm is used to increase electric field enhancement intensity in the vicinity of the nanostructure, which excites localized surface plasmon resonances in the metal-dielectric interface and leads to unity absorption. The footprint of the proposed structure is λ3/125 (λ denoting center wavelength). Through the results from the finite element method (FEM), by variation of the spacer material, and inserting a graphene layer between the spacer and the gold nanostructure, maximum sensitivities of 1804.1 nm/RIU and 2448.45 nm/RIU are achieved, respectively.
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