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Zhang X, Sun A, Jiang Z, Liu C, Wang S, Kong Y. Tunable and switchable multifunctional terahertz meta-mirror based on graphene and vanadium dioxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13915-13922. [PMID: 38666431 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
We design a multifunctional THz polarization modulation meta-mirror integrated with polarization conversion and dichroism functions switched by temperature and voltage. The meta-mirror is composed of two-layered graphene metasurfaces and a layer of vanadium dioxide (VO2) on a gold film substrate. Linear-to-linear polarization conversion and linear dichroism (LD) can be switched by temperature control in the VO2 film and Fermi level adjustments in the graphene metasurfaces, where the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is higher than 0.9 in the range of 2.89 THz to 4.02 THz, LD value reached a maximum of 0.6 at 3.84 THz, and linear-to-circular polarization conversion and circular dichroism (CD) can also be tuned with ellipticity higher than 0.9 in the range of 2.32 THz to 2.69 THz and CD value as high as 0.71 at 2.45 THz. The proposed meta-mirror is the first THz metamaterial device integrating four switchable functions, including linear-to-linear polarization conversion, linear-to-circular polarization conversion, linear dichroism and circular dichroism. The meta-mirror is a promising design for compact system integration in THz imaging, sensing and biological detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Zhang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Aihui Sun
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Cheng Liu
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- OptiX+ Laboratory, Wuxi University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214105, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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Zhang X, Wang G, Liu J, Zuo S, Li M, Yang S, Jia Y, Gao Y. A switchable and tunable multifunctional terahertz polarization converter based on a graphene metasurface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31948-31959. [PMID: 37975202 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03796g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
We propose a switchable and tunable terahertz metasurface polarization converter based on graphene. The metasurface is composed of a bottom gold film, a lower SiO2 layer, an intermediate N-type graphene layer, an upper SiO2 layer, and a top layer of square graphene resonant rings. By using the CST Microwave Studio, we studied their polarization conversion properties. The results show that the metasurface enables a versatile range of functions, including x-to-y linear polarization conversion within the frequency range of 4.23-7 THz, the transformation of linearly polarized waves into right-hand circularly polarized and left-hand circularly polarized waves. Moreover, at 3.873 THz, the metasurface can exhibit circular dichroism (CD) with a high CD value of 0.7. Based on the effect, a strategy to detect three representative avian influenza viruses was proposed and tested, which implies that the metasurface can be applied in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Electronic Engineering College, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- Electronic Engineering College, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Electronic Engineering College, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Shiyi Zuo
- Electronic Engineering College, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Meichen Li
- Electronic Engineering College, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Shuang Yang
- Electronic Engineering College, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Yang Jia
- Electronic Engineering College, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
- College of Communication and Electronic Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Yachen Gao
- Electronic Engineering College, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
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Zhao W, Chen M, Wang X, Han W, Li R, Shi X, Liu J, Teng C, Deng S, Yuan L. Multidimensional tunable graphene chiral metasurface based on coherent control. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5153-5156. [PMID: 37773408 DOI: 10.1364/ol.500735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The deep application of chiral metasurfaces requires higher flexibility. Herein, we propose a multidimensional tunable chiral graphene metasurface, which uses coherent control to obtain more than 0.8 circular conversion dichroism (CCD) at 2.4 THz as a transmission structure. Its operating frequency can be changed in the 1.3-2.4 THz range, while the amplitude has almost perfect modulation depth in the range of 0-0.8. The mechanism of differential absorption was analyzed through numerical simulation. The device designed is easy to obtain reverse CCD, which is used for unit layout and proves its advantages in near-field imaging. Our work has broadened the path for the development of chiral metasurfaces towards higher degrees of freedom.
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Zhao W, Chen M, Wang X, Liu J, Wu Z, Teng C, Deng S, Cheng Y, Yuan L. Adjustable strong circular dichroism based on a tricircular arc metasurface. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:1730-1737. [PMID: 37132919 DOI: 10.1364/ao.478817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism has promising applications in biology, molecular chemistry, and other fields. The key to obtaining strong circular dichroism is to introduce symmetry breaking into the structure, which leads to a great difference in the response to different circularly polarized waves. Here, we propose a metasurface structure based on three circular arcs, which produces strong circular dichroism. The metasurface structure combines the split ring with the three circular arcs and increases the structural asymmetry by changing the relative torsional angle. The causes of the strong circular dichroism are analyzed in this paper, and the influence of metasurface parameters on it is discussed. According to the simulation data, the response of the proposed metasurface to different circularly polarized waves varies greatly, with absorption of up to 0.99 at 5.095 THz for a left-handed circularly polarized wave and a maximum circular dichroism of over 0.93. In addition, the incorporation of the phase change material vanadium dioxide on the structure allows flexible modulation of circular dichroism and modulation depths of up to 98.6%. The change of angle within a certain range has little effect on the structural performance. We believe that this flexible and angle robust chiral metasurface structure is suitable for complex reality, and large modulation depth is more practical.
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Zhang J, Liu C, Feng H, Fang D, Wang J, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Gao Y. Dual-Channel Mid-Infrared Toroidal Metasurfaces for Wavefront Modulation and Imaging Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3300. [PMID: 36234428 PMCID: PMC9565356 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a dual-channel mid-infrared toroidal metasurface that consists of split equilateral triangular rings. The electromagnetic responses are analyzed by the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method and temporal coupled-mode theory (TCMT). The results show that one channel of the metasurface is insensitive to the polarization angle of the incident light and temperature, while the other channel is sensitive. The reflectance and resonance wavelength can be manipulated by the polarization angle and temperature independently. Based on such a mechanism, we propose metasurfaces for two-bit programmable imaging and thermal imaging. The metasurfaces are believed to have potential applications in information processing and thermal radiation manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hengli Feng
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Dongchao Fang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zuoxin Zhang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yachen Gao
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Metamaterials Physics and Device, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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Sun X, Xu M, Wang G, Song Q, Li Y, Gao X. Circular dichroic metasurface based on a "double L" structure. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:3435-3442. [PMID: 35471440 DOI: 10.1364/ao.451392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Based on the theory of circular polarization dichroism in electromagnetic fields, this paper studies the circular dichroism (CD) characteristics of metasurfaces. Using a stable silicon material, an innovative "double L-shaped" composite structure formed by two L crosses is proposed to improve CD. Under a wide spectrum with wavelengths of 1000-1500 nm, the left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) lights pass through the structure, and we study the influence of different structural parameters on the CD, in order to obtain the best structural parameters. These realize the cross polarization of left-right circularly polarized light. In addition, at the wavelength of 1302.63 nm, the LCP light illuminates the structure, which realizes the cross polarization of LCP light; that is, the structure realizes the function of a half-wave plate. The RCP light incident structure realizes the function of a filter. It has great application prospects in biological detection, half-wave plates, filters, and other fields.
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