1
|
Cao D, Li D, Hu J, Li C, Chen C, Wang Y, Lin J, Jin P. Off-axis bifocal metalens for displacement measurement. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:215203. [PMID: 38320325 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad26d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Metasurface is a new type of micro-optical element developed in recent years. It can intelligently modulate electromagnetic waves by adjusting the geometrical parameters and arrangement of dielectric structures. In this paper, a bifocal metalens based on modulation of propagation phase was designed for the potential application in displacement measurement. The phase of the bifocal lens is designed by the optical holography-like method, which is verified by the scalar diffraction theory. We designed a square aperture lens with a side length of 200μm to realize two focal spots with focal lengths of 900 and 1100μm. The two focal spots aren't on one optical axis. The polarization insensitive TiO2cylinders are chosen as structure units. Four structures with different radius were selected to achieve the four phase steps. We fabricated the designed bifocal metalens using electron beam lithography and atomic layer deposition techniques, and measured the light intensity in the areas near the two foci in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The differential signal was calculated, from which we obtained a linear interval. It demonstrates the ability of bifocal differential measurement to be applied to displacement measurement. Because the metasurfaces production process is semiconductor compatible, the bifocal lens is easy to integrate and can be used for miniaturized displacement measurements, micro-resonators, acceleration measurements, and so on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danlin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- China Academy of Transportation Sciences Testing Technology (Beijing) Company Limited, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ji R, Guo X, Liu Z, Wu X, Jin C, Liu F, Zheng X, Sun Y, Wang S. A Single-Celled Metasurface for Multipolarization Generation and Wavefront Manipulation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4336. [PMID: 36500959 PMCID: PMC9740456 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their unprecedented ability to flexibly manipulate the parameters of light, metasurfaces offer a new approach to integrating multiple functions in a single optical element. In this paper, based on a single-celled metasurface composed of chiral umbrella-shaped metal-insulator-metal (MIM) unit cells, a strategy for simultaneous multiple polarization generation and wavefront shaping is proposed. The unit cells can function as broadband and high-performance polarization-preserving mirrors. In addition, by introducing a chiral-assisted Aharonov-Anandan (AA) geometric phase, the phase profile and phase retardation of two spin-flipped orthogonal circular polarized components can be realized simultaneously and independently with a single-celled metasurface via two irrelevant parameters. Benefiting from this flexible phase manipulation ability, a vectorial hologram generator and metalens array with spatially varying polarizations were demonstrated. This work provides an effective approach to avoid the pixel and efficiency losses caused by the intrinsic symmetry of the PB geometric phase, and it may play an important role in the miniaturization and integration of multipolarization-involved displays, real-time imaging, and spectroscopy systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Ji
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Science and Technology on Low-Light-Level Night Version Laboratory, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Xianfeng Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Chuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Xinru Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khalid AUR, Ullah N, Han Y, Yuan X, Feng F, Somekh MG. Metasurface Based Spin‐Selective Wollaston‐and‐Rochon‐Prism‐Like Circularly Polarized Beam Splitter. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ata Ur Rahman Khalid
- Nanophotonics Research Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Scale Optical Information Technology and Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Naeem Ullah
- College of Physics and optoelectronics engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 P. R. China
| | - Yu Han
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Mixed Reality and Advanced Display School of Optics and Photonics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Scale Optical Information Technology and Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Fu Feng
- Nanophotonics Research Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Scale Optical Information Technology and Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Michael Geoffrey Somekh
- Nanophotonics Research Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Scale Optical Information Technology and Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
- Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Q, Xie R, Gu Z, Zhang H, Chen C, Ding J, Chen W. Broadband high-efficiency polarization-encoded meta-holograms based on 3-bit spin-decoupled reflective meta-atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:4249-4260. [PMID: 35209665 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are engineered planar surfaces consisting of arrays of resonators for tailoring the electromagnetic wavefronts in a desirable way. However, the spin-locked issue of the geometric metasurfaces hinders simultaneous manipulation of both spins. In this work, a spin-decoupled information metasurface composed of simple C-shaped resonators is proposed to realize two different information channels under the orthogonal circularly polarized (CP) incidences. Based on the encoded digit '0' or '1', the diffusion scattering or a holographic image could be realized under the CP excitation in a broadband frequency range from 9 to 12 GHz. As an illustrative example, a 3-bit polarization-encoded meta-hologram is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The measured results agree very well with the numerical results, which gives the proposed method great potential in numerous applications such as holographic displays and information processing.
Collapse
|