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Marpaung AM, Harefa E, Pardede M, Karnadi I, Hedwig R, Tanra I, Suliyanti MM, Lie ZS, Shiddiq M, Ramli M, Lahna K, Jobiliong E, Abdulmadjid SN, Idris N, Khumaeni A, Setiabudi W, Suyanto H, Lie TJ, Kurniawan KH, Kagawa K. Simple defocus laser irradiation to suppress self-absorption in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Heliyon 2022; 8:e10057. [PMID: 35991987 PMCID: PMC9385541 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study introduces a novel and simple way to suppress the self-absorption effect in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) by utilizing a defocusing laser irradiation technique. For this purpose, a Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1,064 nm and repetition rate of 10 Hz with energy in the range of 10 mJ–50 mJ was used. The laser irradiation was focused by using a 150-mm-focal-length plano-convex lens onto the sample surface under defocusing of approximately –6 mm. Potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl) pellet samples were used to demonstrate this achievement. When the defocus position is adjusted to –6 mm for KCl and NaCl samples, the self-reversal in the emission lines of K I 766.4 nm, K I 769.9 nm, Na I 588.9 nm, and Na I 589.5 nm vanish. Meanwhile, the FWHM values of K I 766.4 and K I 769.9 nm are 0.29 nm and 0.23 nm, respectively, during –6 mm defocus laser irradiation, as opposed to 1.24 nm and 0.86 nm under tight focus laser irradiation. Additionally, this work demonstrates that, when the laser energy is changed between 10 and 50 mJ, no self-reversal occurs in the emission lines when –6 mm defocus laser irradiation is applied. Finally, a linear calibration curve was generated using KCl at a high concentration ranging between K concentrations from 16.6% to 29%. It should be noted that, even at such high K concentrations, the calibration curve is still linear. This means that self-absorption is almost negligible. This simple change in defocus laser irradiation will undoubtedly contribute to the suppression of the self-absorption phenomenon, which disrupts LIBS analytical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alion Mangasi Marpaung
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jakarta State University, Jakarta, 13220, Indonesia
| | - Edward Harefa
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Marincan Pardede
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, 15811, Indonesia
| | - Indra Karnadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, 11470, Indonesia
| | - Rinda Hedwig
- Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
| | - Ivan Tanra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, 11470, Indonesia
| | - Maria Margaretha Suliyanti
- Research Center for Physics, Indonesia Institute of Science, Kompleks Puspiptek, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia
| | - Zener Sukra Lie
- Automotive & Robotics Program, Computer Engineering Department, Binus ASO School of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
| | - Muhandis Shiddiq
- Research Center for Physics, Indonesia Institute of Science, Kompleks Puspiptek, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia
| | - Muliadi Ramli
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Kurnia Lahna
- Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Eric Jobiliong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, 15811, Indonesia
| | - Syahrun Nur Abdulmadjid
- Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Nasrullah Idris
- Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ali Khumaeni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Setiabudi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Hery Suyanto
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Denpasar, 80361, Indonesia
| | - Tjung Jie Lie
- Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation, Jakarta, 11630, Indonesia
| | - Koo Hendrik Kurniawan
- Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation, Jakarta, 11630, Indonesia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kiichiro Kagawa
- Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation, Jakarta, 11630, Indonesia
- Fukui Science Education Academy, Takagi Chuo 2 Chome, Fukui, 910-0804, Japan
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