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Zhu Q, Song X, Li L, Kang H, Yao T, Liu G, Miao K, Zhou W, Wang H, Xu X, Jia B, Wang Y, Wang F, Shen D. Observation of 2 µm multiple annular structured vortex pulsed beams by cavity-mode tailoring. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3709-3712. [PMID: 38950248 DOI: 10.1364/ol.524370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
In the past few years, annular structured beams have been extensively studied due to their unique "doughnut" structure and characteristics such as phase and polarization vortices. Especially in the 2 µm wavelength range, they have shown promising applications in fields such as novel laser communication, optical processing, and quantum information processing. In this Letter, we observed basis vector patterns with orthogonality and completeness by finely cavity-mode tailoring with end-mirror space position in a Tm:CaYAlO4 laser. Multiple annular structured beams including azimuthally, linearly, and radially polarized beams (APB, LPB, and RPB) operated at a Q-switched mode-locking (QML) state with a typical output power of ∼18 mW around 1962 nm. Further numerical simulation proved that the multiple annular structured beams are the coherent superposition of different Hermitian Gaussian modes. Using a self-made M-Z interferometer, we have demonstrated that the obtained multiple annular beams have a vortex phase with orbital angular momentum (OAM) of l = ±1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of vector and scalar annular vortex beams in the 2 µm solid-state laser.
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Liu H, Yan L, Chen H, Liu X, Liu H, Chew SH, Gliserin A, Wang Q, Zhang J. High-order femtosecond vortices up to the 30th order generated from a powerful mode-locked Hermite-Gaussian laser. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:207. [PMID: 37648767 PMCID: PMC10469186 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond vortex beams are of great scientific and practical interest because of their unique phase properties in both the longitudinal and transverse modes, enabling multi-dimensional quantum control of light fields. Until now, generating femtosecond vortex beams for applications that simultaneously require ultrashort pulse duration, high power, high vortex order, and a low cost and compact laser source has been very challenging due to the limitations of available generation methods. Here, we present a compact apparatus that generates powerful high-order femtosecond vortex pulses via astigmatic mode conversion from a mode-locked Hermite-Gaussian Yb:KGW laser oscillator in a hybrid scheme using both the translation-based off-axis pumping and the angle-based non-collinear pumping techniques. This hybrid scheme enables the generation of femtosecond vortices with a continuously tunable vortex order from the 1st up to the 30th order, which is the highest order obtained from any femtosecond vortex laser source based on a mode-locked oscillator. The average powers and pulse durations of all resulting vortex pulses are several hundred milliwatts and <650 fs, respectively. In particular, 424-fs 11th-order vortex pulses have been achieved with an average power of 1.6 W, several times more powerful than state-of-the-art oscillator-based femtosecond vortex sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lisong Yan
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongshan Chen
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Heyan Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Soo Hoon Chew
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Alexander Gliserin
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Liu Y, Li L, Song X, Zhou W, Zhu Q, Liu G, Xu X, Wang H, Cao X, Wang Y, Jia B, Shen D. 2 µm cylindrical vector beam generation from a c-cut Tm:CaYAlO 4 crystal resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:9387-9394. [PMID: 37157510 DOI: 10.1364/oe.484875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Different from the traditional ideal column symmetry cavities, we directly generated the cylindrical vector pulsed beams in the folded six-mirror cavity by employing a c-cut Tm:CaYAlO4 (Tm:CYA) crystal and SESAM. By adjusting the distance between the curved cavity mirror (M4) and the SESAM, both the radially polarized beam and azimuthally polarized beam are generated around 1962 nm and the two vectorial modes can be freely switched in the resonator. Further increased the pump power to 7 W, the stable radially polarized Q-switched mode-locked (QML) cylindrical vector beams were also obtained with an output power of 55 mW, the sub-pulse repetition rate of 120.42 MHz, pulse duration of ∼0.5 ns and the beam quality factor M2 of ∼2.9. To our knowledge, this is the first report of radially and azimuthally polarized beams in the 2 µm wavelength solid-state resonator.
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Bowers MS, Canalias C, Mirov S, Nilsson J, Saraceno CJ, Schunemann PG. Feature issue introduction: advanced solid-state lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:20762-20766. [PMID: 36224813 DOI: 10.1364/oe.464517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This joint issue of Optics Express and Optical Materials Express features 36 state-of-the art articles written by authors who participated in the international conference advanced solid state lasers held online from October 3-7, 2021. This review provides a summary of these articles covering a wide spectrum of topics around solid-state lasers from materials research to sources and from design innovation to applications.
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