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Cotrufo M, Sulejman SB, Wesemann L, Rahman MA, Bhaskaran M, Roberts A, Alù A. Reconfigurable image processing metasurfaces with phase-change materials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4483. [PMID: 38802353 PMCID: PMC11130277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces have enabled analog computing and image processing within sub-wavelength footprints, and with reduced power consumption and faster speeds. While various image processing metasurfaces have been demonstrated, most of the considered devices are static and lack reconfigurability. Yet, the ability to dynamically reconfigure processing operations is key for metasurfaces to be used within practical computing systems. Here, we demonstrate a passive edge-detection metasurface operating in the near-infrared regime whose response can be drastically modified by temperature variations smaller than 10 °C around a CMOS-compatible temperature of 65 °C. Such reconfigurability is achieved by leveraging the insulator-to-metal phase transition of a thin layer of vanadium dioxide, which strongly alters the metasurface nonlocal response. Importantly, this reconfigurability is accompanied by performance metrics-such as numerical aperture, efficiency, isotropy, and polarization-independence - close to optimal, and it is combined with a simple geometry compatible with large-scale manufacturing. Our work paves the way to a new generation of ultra-compact, tunable and passive devices for all-optical computation, with potential applications in augmented reality, remote sensing and bio-medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cotrufo
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
| | - Shaban B Sulejman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Lukas Wesemann
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madhu Bhaskaran
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ann Roberts
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Wu L, Huang J, You S, Gao C, Zhou C. Active strong coupling of exciton and nanocavity based on GSST-WSe 2 hybrid nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:14078-14089. [PMID: 38859363 DOI: 10.1364/oe.519134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The strong coupling between optical resonance microcavity and matter excitations provides a practical path for controlling light-matter interactions. However, conventional microcavity, whose functions are fixed at the fabrication stage, dramatically limits the modulation of light-matter interactions. Here, we investigate the active strong coupling of resonance mode and exciton in GSST-WSe2 hybrid nanostructures. It is demonstrated that significant spectral splitting is observed in single nanostructures, tetramers, and metasurfaces. We further confirm the strong coupling by calculating the enhanced fluorescence spectra. The coupling effect between the excited resonance and exciton is dramatically modulated during the change of GSST from amorphous to crystalline, thus realizing the strong coupling switching. This switching property has been fully demonstrated in several systems mentioned earlier. Our work is significant in guiding the study of actively tunable strong light-matter interactions at the nanoscale.
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Oliveira IA, de Souza ILG, Rodriguez-Esquerre VF. Programmable nanophotonic planar resonator filter-absorber based on phase-change InSbTe. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13225. [PMID: 37580408 PMCID: PMC10425354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconfigurable plasmonic-photonic electromagnetic devices have been incessantly investigated for their great ability to optically modulate through external stimuli to meet today's emerging needs, with chalcogenide phase-change materials being promising candidates due to their remarkably unique electrical and optics, enabling new perspectives in recent photonic applications. In this work, we propose a reconfigurable resonator using planar layers of stacked ultrathin films based on Metal-dielectric-PCM, which we designed and analyzed numerically by the Finite Element Method (FEM). The structure is based on thin films of Gold (Au), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and PCM (In3SbTe2) used as substrate. The modulation between the PCM phases (amorphous and crystalline) allows the alternation from the filter to the absorber structure in the infrared (IR) spectrum (1000-2500 nm), with an efficiency greater than 70% in both cases. The influence of the thickness of the material is also analyzed to verify tolerances for manufacturing errors and dynamically control the efficiency of transmittance and absorptance peaks. The physical mechanisms of field coupling and transmitted/absorbed power density are investigated. We also analyzed the effects on polarization angles for Transversal Electric (TE) and Transversal Magnetic (TM) polarized waves for both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Alves Oliveira
- Graduate School of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, 40155-250, Brazil.
| | - I L Gomes de Souza
- Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation at the Federal University of Bahia (ICTI-UFBA), Camaçari, 42802-721, Brazil.
| | - V F Rodriguez-Esquerre
- Graduate School of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, 40155-250, Brazil.
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Liu F, Li P, Liu S, Jin C, Wei B, Min J, Liu Z, Zhu X, Zhao J. Phase-type diffractive micro-optics elements in sulfur-based polymeric glass by femtosecond laser direct writing. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1056-1059. [PMID: 36791009 DOI: 10.1364/ol.483654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-based polymeric glasses are promising alternative low-cost IR materials due to their profoundly high IR transparency. In this Letter, femtosecond-laser-induced refractive index change (RIC) was investigated in one typical sulfur-based polymeric glass material, poly(S-r-DIB), for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The RIC in the laser-engineered region was quantitively characterized, which laid a foundation for phase-type optical element design. By the integration of RIC traces, embedded phase-type micro-optics elements, including Fresnel zone plates, and a Dammann grating were fabricated in bulk poly(S-r-DIB) polymeric glass substrate via the femtosecond laser direct writing technique. The imaging and beam shaping performance were demoed in the near-infrared (NIR) region.
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Performance Analysis of DAST Material-Assisted Photonic-Crystal-Based Electrical Tunable Optical Filter. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-N′-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) material assisted one-dimensional photonic-crystal-based (1D-PhC) tunable optical filter is presented. The design comprises a bilayer 1D-PhC structure having DAST as an electro-optic material. The device parameters are configured to filter out the 632.8 nm wavelength from the reflection spectrum. The analysis shows that by illuminating the device with poly-chromatic light at an incident angle of 45.07∘, the filtered wavelength exhibits transmission maxima having FWHM of less than 1nm. The analytical results also demonstrate the post fabrication 60 nm electrical tuning of the filtered wavelength by using only ±5 V applied potential. The structure also exhibits a very stable filter response up to 40% variations in optical thickness. Thus, the proposed design possesses the advantage in terms of low voltage wavelength tuning, stable response, easy fabrication and integration capability in integrated circuits.
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Jo C, Kim J, Kwak JY, Kwon SM, Park JB, Kim J, Park GS, Kim MG, Kim YH, Park SK. Retina-Inspired Color-Cognitive Learning via Chromatically Controllable Mixed Quantum Dot Synaptic Transistor Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108979. [PMID: 35044005 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photonic synapses are emerging as a promising implementation to emulate the human visual cognitive system by consolidating a series of processes for sensing and memorizing visual information into one system. In particular, mimicking retinal functions such as multispectral color perception and controllable nonvolatility is important for realizing artificial visual systems. However, many studies to date have focused on monochromatic-light-based photonic synapses, and thus, the emulation of color discrimination capability remains an important challenge for visual intelligence. Here, an artificial multispectral color recognition system by employing heterojunction photosynaptic transistors consisting of ratio-controllable mixed quantum dot (M-QD) photoabsorbers and metal-oxide semiconducting channels is proposed. The biological photoreceptor inspires M-QD photoabsorbers with a precisely designed red (R), green (G), and blue (B)-QD ratio, enabling full-range visible color recognition with high photo-to-electric conversion efficiency. In addition, adjustable synaptic plasticity by modulating gate bias allows multiple nonvolatile-to-volatile memory conversion, leading to chromatic control in the artificial photonic synapse. To ensure the viability of the developed proof of concept, a 7 × 7 pixelated photonic synapse array capable of performing outstanding color image recognition based on adjustable wavelength-dependent volatility conversion is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanho Jo
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jee Young Kwak
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Bee Park
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehoon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Su Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gil Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Park
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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