1
|
Sun F, Fan X, Fang W, Zhao J, Xiao W, Li C, Wei X, Tao J, Wang Y, Kumar S. Multiple toroidal dipole Fano resonances from quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:18087-18098. [PMID: 38858973 DOI: 10.1364/oe.525196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a highly sensitive sensor consisting of a silicon nanorod and symmetric rings (SNSR) is presented. Theoretically, three Fano resonances with high Q-factors are excited in the near-infrared range by breaking the symmetry structure based on quasi-bound states in the continuum (Q-BICs). The electromagnetic near-field analysis confirms that the resonances are mainly controlled by toroidal dipole (TD) resonance. The structure is optimized by adjusting different geometrical parameters, and the maximum Q-factor of the Fano resonances can reach 7427. To evaluate the sensing performance of the structure, the sensitivity and the figure of merit (FOM) are calculated by adjusting the environmental refractive index: the maximum sensitivity of 474 nm/RIU and the maximum FOM of 3306 RIU-1. The SNSR can be fabricated by semiconductor-compatible processes, which is experimentally evaluated for changes in transmission spectra at different solution concentrations. The results show that the sensitivity and the Q-factor of the designed metasurface can reach 295 nm/RIU and 850, while the FOM can reach 235 RIU-1. Therefore, the metasurface of SNSR is characterized by high sensitivity and multi-wavelength sensing, which are current research hotspots in the field of optics and can be applied to biomedical sensing and multi-target detection.
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang C, Liu X, Hu J, Han H. Enhancing surface sensing performance of cascaded high contrast gratings using bound states in the continuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:6644-6657. [PMID: 38439363 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We proposed the cascaded high contrast grating (CHCG) structure to enhance surface sensing capabilities through bound states in the continuum (BICs). Utilizing the finite element method (FEM) and rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA), we studied the dispersion relations, far-field contribution CHCGs, and near-field distributions of BICs corresponding to resonance peaks at different wavelengths. Results demonstrate the ability to precisely control symmetry-protected BIC (SP-BIC) and Friedrich-Wintgen BIC (FW-BIC) resonance peaks by altering incident angles and structural parameters, enhancing structure robustness and tunability. Significantly, modes 1 and 2 have demonstrated substantial enhancement in surface refractive index sensing, achieving highest sensitivities at 51 nm/RIU and the figure of merit reaching 490.8 RIU-1, indicating notable advancement in detecting subtle surface changes. In contrast, mode 3 has shown robust performance in bulk refractive index sensing, achieving a sensitivity of 602 nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 5189.65 RIU-1. These findings underscore the significant potential of the structure as a high-performance integrated sensor, particularly for precise environmental and biological monitoring in surface refractive index sensing.
Collapse
|
3
|
An Y, Fu T, Guo C, Pei J, Ouyang Z. Two Individual Super-Bound State Modes within Band Gap with Ultra-High Q Factor for Potential Sensing Applications in the Terahertz Wave Band. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6737. [PMID: 37571521 PMCID: PMC10422254 DOI: 10.3390/s23156737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) garnered significant research interest in the field of sensors due to their exceptionally high-quality factors. However, the wide-band continuum in BICs are noise to the bound states, and it is difficult to control and filter. Therefore, we constructed a top-bottom symmetric cavity containing three high permittivity rectangular columns. The cavity supports a symmetry-protected (SP) superbound state (SBS) mode and an accidental (AC) SBS mode within the bandgap. With a period size of 5 × 15, the bandgap effectively filters out the continuum, allowing only the bound states to exist. This configuration enabled us to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio and a wide free-spectral-range. The AC SBS and the SP SBS can be converted into quasi-SBS by adjusting different parameters. Consequently, the cavity can function as a single-band sensor or a dual-band sensor. The achieved bulk sensitivity was 38 µm/RIU in terahertz wave band, and a record-high FOM reached 2.8 × 108 RIU-1. The effect of fabrication error on the performance for sensor application was also discussed, showing that the application was feasible. Moreover, for experimental realization, a 3D schematic was presented. These achievements pave the way for compact, high-sensitivity biosensing, multi-wavelength sensing, and other promising applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinbing An
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China (C.G.)
- THz Technical Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chunyu Guo
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China (C.G.)
| | - Jihong Pei
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Zhengbiao Ouyang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China (C.G.)
- THz Technical Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu D, Ren Y, Huo Y, Cai Y, Ning T. Second harmonic generation in plasmonic metasurfaces enhanced by symmetry-protected dual bound states in the continuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:23127-23139. [PMID: 37475405 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigate linear and nonlinear optical responses in metasurfaces consisting of Au double-gap split ring resonators (DSRRs). Symmetry-protected dual bound states in the continuum (BICs) in such plasmonic metasurfaces are observed at the near-infrared optical regime. Efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) is obtained at the quasi-BIC models due to the symmetry broken. The optimized SHG responses are obtained at the critical couplings between radiation and nonradiation processes at the linearly x- and y-polarized light, respectively. High conversion efficiency of SHG of a value 10-6 is arrived at the fundamental intensity of 10 GW/cm2 at the quasi-BIC wavelength under the y-polarized illumination. Large extrinsic and tunable chirality of linear and nonlinear optical responses empowered by quasi-BICs is acquired in asymmetry metasurfaces at oblique circularly polarized incidence. The results indicate that the plasmonic metasurfaces of symmetry-protected BICs at the near-infrared optical regime have great potential applications in the on-chip efficient frequency conversion, and the linear and nonlinear chiral manipulation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fei W, Jiang X, Dai L, Qiu W, Fang Y, Li D, Hu J, Zhan Q. Polarization-selective narrow band dual-toroidal-dipole resonances in a symmetry-broken dielectric tetramer metamaterial. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:9608-9619. [PMID: 37157527 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Here we propose a metasurface consisting of symmetry-broken dielectric tetramer arrays, which can generate polarization-selective dual-band toroidal dipole resonances (TDR) with ultra-narrow linewidth in the near-infrared region. We found, by breaking the C4v symmetry of the tetramer arrays, two narrow-band TDRs can be created with the linewidth reaching ∼ 1.5 nm. Multipolar decomposition of scattering power and electromagnetic field distribution calculations confirm the nature of TDRs. A 100% modulation depth in light absorption and selective field confinement has been demonstrated theoretically by simply changing the polarization orientation of the exciting light. Intriguingly, it is also found that absorption responses of TDRs on polarization angle follow the equation of Malus' law in this metasurface. Furthermore, the dual-band toroidal resonances are proposed to sense the birefringence of an anisotropic medium. Such polarization-tunable dual toroidal dipole resonances with ultra-narrow bandwidth offered by this structure may find potential applications in optical switching, storage, polarization detection, and light emitting devices.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu J, Chen C, Li X, Li J, Dong D, Liu Y, Fu Y. Tunable dual quasi-bound states in continuum and electromagnetically induced transparency enabled by the broken material symmetry in all-dielectric compound gratings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:4347-4356. [PMID: 36785405 DOI: 10.1364/oe.479755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dual quasi-bound states in continuum (quasi-BICs) enabled by the broken geometric symmetry offer an effective way to design high-quality photonic devices, yet challenged by tunable functionalities. Here we employ the material asymmetry originating from the tunable material property of phase-change materials to design quasi-BICs in all-dielectric compound gratings. We find the even and odd quasi-BICs are modulated by the geometric and material asymmetries, respectively, and this effect is ensured by two different types of structural symmetries in the compound structure. Particularly, tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be achieved by modulating the material asymmetry. Furthermore, we systematically design the compound gratings consisting of the phase-change material of Sb2Se3 to demonstrate tunable dual quasi-BICs and EITs. Analytical calculations and numerical simulations are performed to verify these findings. Our work provides a promising way to enhance the flexibility of realizing quasi-BICs, which may boost tunable applications in nanodevices assisted by quasi-BICs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Qian L, Gu T, Xu S, Zhang X, Wang K. Guided-mode resonance sensors with ultrahigh bulk sensitivity and figure of merit assisted by a metallic layer and structural symmetry-breaking. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:1844-1857. [PMID: 36785210 DOI: 10.1364/oe.479110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We propose a refractive index sensor with both high bulk sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) that engages the guided-mode resonance (GMR) effect with the assistance of a metallic layer and structural symmetry-breaking in the grating layer. Owing to the existence of the metallic layer, the electric field at resonance can be reflected to the sensing environment, and enhanced bulk sensitivity is realized. Meanwhile, the full width at half maximum of the GMR mode can be decreased by increasing the asymmetrical degree of the grating, thus obtaining a high FOM which benefits the sensing resolution. A bulk refractive index sensitivity of 1076.7 nm/RIU and an FOM up to 35889 RIU-1 are achieved simultaneously. Other structural parameters such as the refractive index and fill factor of the grating are systematically discussed to optimize the sensing performance. The proposed GMR sensor with both high bulk sensitivity and FOM value has potential uses in applications with more stringent sensing requirements.
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo M, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Li Y, Guo Z, Yang X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wu X. Label-Free Bound-States-in-the-Continuum Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1120. [PMID: 36551087 PMCID: PMC9775062 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have attracted considerable attentions for biological and chemical sensing due to their infinite quality (Q)-factors in theory. Such high-Q devices with enhanced light-matter interaction ability are very sensitive to the local refractive index changes, opening a new horizon for advanced biosensing. In this review, we focus on the latest developments of label-free optical biosensors governed by BICs. These BICs biosensors are summarized from the perspective of constituent materials (i.e., dielectric, metal, and hybrid) and structures (i.e., grating, metasurfaces, and photonic crystals). Finally, the current challenges are discussed and an outlook is also presented for BICs inspired biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhihe Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - You Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Zhou C, Huo Y, Cui P, Song M, Liu T, Zhao C, Liao Z, Zhang Z, Xie Y. Efficient Excitation and Tuning of Multi-Fano Resonances with High Q-Factor in All-Dielectric Metasurfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2292. [PMID: 35808128 PMCID: PMC9268095 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exciting Fano resonance can improve the quality factor (Q-factor) and enhance the light energy utilization rate of optical devices. However, due to the large inherent loss of metals and the limitation of phase matching, traditional optical devices based on surface plasmon resonance cannot obtain a larger Q-factor. In this study, a silicon square-hole nano disk (SHND) array device is proposed and studied numerically. The results show that, by breaking the symmetry of the SHND structure and transforming an ideal bound state in the continuum (BIC) with an infinite Q-factor into a quasi-BIC with a finite Q-factor, three Fano resonances can be realized. The calculation results also show that the three Fano resonances with narrow linewidth can produce significant local electric and magnetic field enhancements: the highest Q-factor value reaches 35,837, and the modulation depth of those Fano resonances can reach almost 100%. Considering these properties, the SHND structure realizes multi-Fano resonances with a high Q-factor, narrow line width, large modulation depth and high near-field enhancement, which could provide a new method for applications such as multi-wavelength communications, lasing, and nonlinear optical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhou
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yiping Huo
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Meina Song
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Tong Liu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zuxiong Liao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhongyue Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - You Xie
- College of Science, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;
| |
Collapse
|