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Pan Y, Chen F, Li Y, Yang W, Sun L, Yi Z. A carbon nanotube metamaterial sensor showing slow light properties based on double plasmon-induced transparency. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16096-16106. [PMID: 38780318 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed a bifunctional sensor of high sensitivity and slow light based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). An array of left semicircular ring (LSR), right semicircular ring (RSR), and circular ring (CR) resonators are utilized to form the proposed metamaterial. The proposed structure can achieve double plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effects under the excitation of a TM-polarization wave. The double PIT originated from the destructive interference between two bright modes and a dark mode. A coupled harmonic oscillator model is used to describe the destructive interference between the two bright modes and a dark mode, and the simulation results agree well with the calculated results. Moreover, we investigate the influence of the coupling distance, period, and flare angle on the PIT spectra. The relationship between the resonant frequencies, full width at half maximum (FWHM), amplitudes, quality factors (Q), and the coupling distance is also studied. Finally, a high sensitivity of 1.02 THz RIU-1 is obtained, and the transmission performance can be maintained at a good level when the incident angle is less than 40°. Thus, the sensor can cope with situations where electromagnetic waves are not perpendicular to the structure's surface. The maximum figure of merit (FOM) can reach about 8.26 RIU-1; to verify the slow light property of the device, the slow light performance of the proposed structure is investigated, and a maximum time delay (TD) of 22.26 ps is obtained. The proposed CNT-based metamaterial can be used in electromagnetically induced transparency applications, such as sensors, optical memory devices, and flexible terahertz functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Pan
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuchang Li
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihui Sun
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zao Yi
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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Chen M, Yang XX. High-transmission and large group delay terahertz triple-band electromagnetically induced transparency in a metal-perovskite hybrid metasurface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21547-21553. [PMID: 37545399 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03072e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A high-transmission and large group delay terahertz triple-band electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect is obtained in a metal-perovskite hybrid metasurface, which consists of a cross metal (CM), a pair of square metal frames (SMFs), and a pair of square split rings (SSRs). The results reveal that the transmission amplitudes of three transparent windows are 0.83, 0.9, and 0.89. The maximum values of group delays at three transparent windows are 7.64 ps, 4.07 ps, and 4.27 ps. The multipole scattering theory shows that the first and third transparent windows are created by the coupling between the electric dipole and toroidal dipole, and the second transparent window is created by the electric dipoles. The triple-band EIT effect can be dynamically controlled by adjusting the conductivity of perovskite while the modulation depths are 49.4%, 41%, and 31.5%. Moreover, the slow light effect can also be tunable by tuning the conductivity of perovskite while the modulation depths are 87.8%, 65.6%, and 68.4%. Our study puts forward a novel design concept for multi-band EIT effect and shows great prospects in the application of multi-band devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xue-Xia Yang
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang M, Guo G, Xu Y, Yao Z, Zhang S, Yan Y, Tian Z. Exploring the Application of Multi-Resonant Bands Terahertz Metamaterials in the Field of Carbohydrate Films Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:606. [PMID: 37366971 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz spectroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating the properties and states of biological matter. Here, a systematic investigation of the interaction of THz wave with "bright mode" resonators and "dark mode" resonators has been conducted, and a simple general principle of obtaining multiple resonant bands has been developed. By manipulating the number and positions of bright mode and dark mode resonant elements in metamaterials, we realized multi-resonant bands terahertz metamaterial structures with three electromagnetic-induced transparency in four-frequency bands. Different carbohydrates in the state of dried films were selected for detection, and the results showed that the multi-resonant bands metamaterial have high response sensitivity at the resonance frequency similar to the characteristic frequency of the biomolecule. Furthermore, by increasing the biomolecule mass in a specific frequency band, the frequency shift in glucose was found to be larger than that of maltose. The frequency shift in glucose in the fourth frequency band is larger than that of the second band, whereas maltose exhibits an opposing trend, thus enabling recognition of maltose and glucose. Our findings provide new insights into the design of functional multi-resonant bands metamaterials, as well as new strategies for developing multi-band metamaterial biosensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guanxuan Guo
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yihan Xu
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhibo Yao
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shoujun Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuyue Yan
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Center for Terahertz Waves, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute (GTSI), Tianjin University, Shenzhen 518067, China
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Highly Sensitive Terahertz Dielectric Sensor for Liquid Crystal. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14091820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the design and process of two highly sensitive sensors working in the terahertz band. The sensors comprise the quartz substrate, medium, reflection plate, and metal resonant layer with a symmetrical single-slot patch array. The devices help study the electrically induced permittivity of two liquid crystals in different frequency bands and at different voltages, and the experimental data verify that both liquid crystals have a large birefringence. Based on experimental results, the sensitivity of the fabricated sensor is 47.03 GHz/RIU in the frequency range 90–140 GHz. Similarly, the other fabricated sensor has a sensitivity of 112.47 GHz/RIU in the frequency range 325–500 GHz. The results show that both sensors have superior sensing properties and potential applications in biological and chemical liquid sensing.
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