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Villatoro E, Loyez M, Villatoro J, Caucheteur C, Albert J. Dual-Mode Comb Plasmonic Optical Fiber Sensing. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3027-3036. [PMID: 38864606 PMCID: PMC11218750 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Surface plasmon (SP) excitation in metal-coated tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) has been a focal point for highly sensitive surface biosensing. Previous efforts focused on uniform metal layer deposition around the TFBG cross section and temperature self-compensation with the Bragg mode, requiring both careful control of the core-guided light polarization and interrogation over most of the C + L bands. To circumvent these two important practical limitations, we studied and developed an original platform based on partially coated TFBGs. The partial metal layer enables the generation of dual-comb resonances, encompassing highly sensitive (TM/EH mode families) and highly insensitive (TE/HE mode families) components in unpolarized transmission spectra. The interleaved comb of insensitive modes acts as wavelength and power references within the same spectral region as the SP-active modes. Despite reduced fabrication and measurement complexity, refractometric accuracy is not compromised through statistical averaging over seven individual resonances within a narrowband window of 10 nm. Consequently, measuring spectra over 60 nm is no longer needed to compensate for small temperature or power fluctuations. This sensing platform brings the following important practical assets: (1) a simpler fabrication process, (2) no need for polarization control, (3) limited bandwidth interrogation, and (4) maintained refractometric accuracy, which makes it a true game changer in the ever-growing plasmonic sensing domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraín Villatoro
- Department
of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- INAOE
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, 72840 Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Joel Villatoro
- Department
of Communications Engineering, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- BCMaterials
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE
- Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Jacques Albert
- Department
of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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Loyez M, Fasseaux H, Lobry M, Wattiez R, Caucheteur C. Insulin biotrapping using plasmofluidic optical fiber chips: A benchmark. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 254:116189. [PMID: 38507927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Plasmonic optical fiber-based biosensors are currently in their early stages of development as practical and integrated devices, gradually making their way towards the market. While the majority of these biosensors operate using white light and multimode optical fibers (OFs), our approach centers on single-mode OFs coupled with tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) in the near-infrared wavelength range. Our objective is to enhance surface sensitivity and broaden sensing capabilities of OF-based sensors to develop in situ sensing with remote interrogation. In this study, we comprehensively assess their performance in comparison to the gold-standard plasmonic reference, a commercial device based on the Kretschmann-Raether prism configuration. We present their refractive index sensitivity and their capability for insulin sensing using a dedicated microfluidics approach. By optimizing a consistent surface biotrapping methodology, we elucidate the dynamic facets of both technologies and highlight their remarkable sensitivity to variations in bulk and surface properties. The one-to-one comparison between both technologies demonstrates the reliability of optical fiber-based measurements, showcasing similar experimental trends obtained with both the prismatic configuration and gold-coated TFBGs, with an even enhanced limit of detection for the latter. This study lays the foundation for the detection of punctual molecular interactions and opens the way towards the detection of spatially and temporally localized events on the surface of optical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médéric Loyez
- Proteomics and Microbiology Department, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000, Belgium; Electromagnetism and Telecom. Department, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000, Belgium.
| | - Hadrien Fasseaux
- Electromagnetism and Telecom. Department, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000, Belgium
| | - Maxime Lobry
- Electromagnetism and Telecom. Department, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Proteomics and Microbiology Department, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000, Belgium
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Liu Y, Lin W, Zhao F, Liu Y, Sun J, Hu J, Li J, Chen J, Zhang X, Vai MI, Shum PP, Shao L. A Multimode Microfiber Specklegram Biosensor for Measurement of CEACAM5 through AI Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:57. [PMID: 38275310 PMCID: PMC10813308 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5), as a broad-spectrum tumor biomarker, plays a crucial role in analyzing the therapeutic efficacy and progression of cancer. Herein, we propose a novel biosensor based on specklegrams of tapered multimode fiber (MMF) and two-dimensional convolutional neural networks (2D-CNNs) for the detection of CEACAM5. The microfiber is modified with CEA antibodies to specifically recognize antigens. The biosensor utilizes the interference effect of tapered MMF to generate highly sensitive specklegrams in response to different CEACAM5 concentrations. A zero mean normalized cross-correlation (ZNCC) function is explored to calculate the image matching degree of the specklegrams. Profiting from the extremely high detection limit of the speckle sensor, variations in the specklegrams of antibody concentrations from 1 to 1000 ng/mL are measured in the experiment. The surface sensitivity of the biosensor is 0.0012 (ng/mL)-1 within a range of 1 to 50 ng/mL. Moreover, a 2D-CNN was introduced to solve the problem of nonlinear detection surface sensitivity variation in a large dynamic range, and in the search for image features to improve evaluation accuracy, achieving more accurate CEACAM5 monitoring, with a maximum detection error of 0.358%. The proposed fiber specklegram biosensing scheme is easy to implement and has great potential in analyzing the postoperative condition of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Liu
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (P.P.S.)
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hongkong 999077, China;
| | - Weihao Lin
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (P.P.S.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Yibin Liu
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Junhui Sun
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Jialong Li
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Jinna Chen
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hongkong 999077, China;
| | - Mang I. Vai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Perry Ping Shum
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (P.P.S.)
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liyang Shao
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (P.P.S.)
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Zhu T, Loyez M, Chah K, Caucheteur C. Gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg gratings for lead ion sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32478-32487. [PMID: 37859050 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg gratings (SPR-TFBGs) are perfectly suited for fine refractometry. Thanks to the functionalization of the gold layer, they can be used for label-free biosensing. They have been largely used for the specific detection of proteins and cells. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that they are enough sensitive to detect a very small entity like an environmental pollutant. In this context, we report here a bio-functionalization of the SPR-TFBG with thrombin aptamers for lead ion detection. We used aqueous solutions of lead ions with increasing concentrations from 0.001 ppb to 10 ppb. Based on the affinity bending of Pb2+ ions to the thrombin aptamer, we experimentally demonstrated low detection level of lead ion concentration (0.001 ppb) while the saturation limit is meanly fixed by the physical dimension of the sensor and the binding efficiency.
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Li Z, Wang F, Wang Y, Jin X, Duan Y, Zhu H. Decoupling bulk and surface characteristics with a bare tilted fiber Bragg grating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20150-20159. [PMID: 37381415 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) with dense comb-like resonances offers a promising fiber-optic sensing platform but could suffer from cross sensitivity dependent on bulk and surface environment. In this work, the decoupling of bulk and surface characteristics (indicated by bulk refractive index (RI) and surface-localized binding film) from each other is attained theoretically with a bare TFBG sensor. This is realized with the proposed decoupling approach based on differential spectral responses of cut-off mode resonance and mode dispersion represented as wavelength interval between P- and S-polarized resonances of the TFBG to the bulk RI and surface film thickness. The results demonstrate that with this method the sensing performance for decoupling bulk RI and surface film thickness is comparative to the cases in which either the bulk or surface environment of the TFBG sensor changes, with the bulk and surface sensitivities over 540 nm/RIU and 12 pm/nm, respectively.
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Idrisov R, Lorenz A, Rothhardt M, Bartelt H. Composed Multicore Fiber Structure for Extended Sensor Multiplexing with Fiber Bragg Gratings. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3837. [PMID: 35632246 PMCID: PMC9147987 DOI: 10.3390/s22103837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel multicore optical waveguide component based on a fiber design optimized towards selective grating inscription for multiplexed sensing applications is presented. Such a fiber design enables the increase in the optical sensor capacity as well as extending the sensing length with a single optical fiber while preserving the spatial sensing resolution. The method uses a multicore fiber with differently doped fiber cores and, therefore, enables a selective grating inscription. The concept can be applied in a draw tower inscription process for an efficient production of sensing networks. Along with the general concept, the paper discusses the specific preparation of the fiber-based sensing component and provides experimental results showing the feasibility of such a sensing system.
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