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Moodie D, Boylan K, Hattasan N, Rihani S, Pearce S, Qi L, Dosanjh S, Repiso Menendez E, Silva M, Spalding R, Burlinson S, Gillanders M, Turner D, Berry G. 1.55 µm wavelength band photonic crystal surface emitting laser with n-side photonic crystal and operation at up to 85 °C. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:10295-10301. [PMID: 38571245 DOI: 10.1364/oe.521265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We describe the structure, fabrication, and measured performance of a 1543 nm wavelength photonic crystal surface emitting laser. An asymmetric double lattice design was used to achieve single mode lasing with side mode suppression ratios >40 dB. The photonic crystal was formed using encapsulated air holes in an n-doped InGaAsP layer with an InGaAlAs active layer then grown above it. In this way a laser with a low series resistance of 0.32 Ω capable of pulsed output powers of 171 mW at 25 °C and 40 mW at 85 °C was demonstrated.
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Wang Z, Liu X, Wang P, Lu H, Meng B, Zhang W, Wang L, Wang Y, Tong C. Continuous-wave operation of 1550 nm low-threshold triple-lattice photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:44. [PMID: 38311617 PMCID: PMC11251162 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Benefitting from narrow beam divergence, photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers are expected to play an essential role in the ever-growing fields of optical communication and light detection and ranging. Lasers operating with 1.55 μm wavelengths have attracted particular attention due to their minimum fiber loss and high eye-safe threshold. However, high interband absorption significantly decreases their performance at this 1.55 μm wavelength. Therefore, stronger optical feedback is needed to reduce their threshold and thus improve the output power. Toward this goal, photonic-crystal resonators with deep holes and high dielectric contrast are often used. Nevertheless, the relevant techniques for high-contrast photonic crystals inevitably complicate fabrication and reduce the final yield. In this paper, we demonstrate the first continuous-wave operation of 1.55 μm photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers by using a 'triple-lattice photonic-crystal resonator', which superimposes three lattice point groups to increase the strength of in-plane optical feedback. Using this geometry, the in-plane 180° coupling can be enhanced threefold compared to the normal single-lattice structure. Detailed theoretical and experimental investigations demonstrate the much lower threshold current density of this structure compared to 'single-lattice' and 'double-lattice' photonic-crystal resonators, verifying our design principles. Our findings provide a new strategy for photonic crystal laser miniaturization, which is crucial for realizing their use in future high-speed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Central Research Institute Planning Dept, 2012 Labs, Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shenzhen, 518129, China
| | - Pinyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huanyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Bo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yanjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Cunzhu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
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