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Zhang J, Zhang X. Ultrafast plasmon polaritons doubly resonant on a single silver nanoshell. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:17061-17068. [PMID: 31252923 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) were observed in a silver nanoshell grating, which was produced by depositing a roughly sinusoidal dielectric grating with a continuous layer of silver. Two SPP modes were observed to propagate along the top and bottom surfaces of the silver nanoshell, modulating the reflection spectra in the space above and below the silver nanoshell, respectively. These two SPP modes are located independently at a shorter and a longer wavelength, exciting the asymmetric and symmetric oscillation of the plasmonic electrons, respectively. The asymmetric mode was excited by the diffraction anomaly along the silver/air interface, whereas, the symmetric by the waveguide mode within the ITO grating layer, which was defined by the high reflection at the ITO/silver interface and the total reflection at the ITO/substrate interface. Different optical switching performance with different lifetimes was measured for the two resonance modes.
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Gieseking RL, Mukhopadhyay S, Risko C, Marder SR, Brédas JL. 25th anniversary article: Design of polymethine dyes for all-optical switching applications: guidance from theoretical and computational studies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:68-83. [PMID: 24302357 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
All-optical switching--controlling light with light--has the potential to meet the ever-increasing demand for data transmission bandwidth. The development of organic π-conjugated molecular materials with the requisite properties for all-optical switching applications has long proven to be a significant challenge. However, recent advances demonstrate that polymethine dyes have the potential to meet the necessary requirements. In this review, we explore the theoretical underpinnings that guide the design of π-conjugated materials for all-optical switching applications. We underline, from a computational chemistry standpoint, the relationships among chemical structure, electronic structure, and optical properties that make polymethines such promising materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Gieseking
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics and Center for Organic Materials for All-Optical Switching, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0400, USA
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He GS, Zhu J, Baev A, Samoć M, Frattarelli DL, Watanabe N, Facchetti A, Ågren H, Marks TJ, Prasad PN. Twisted π-System Chromophores for All-Optical Switching. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6675-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang S. He
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jing Zhu
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Alexander Baev
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Marek Samoć
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, 50370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - David L. Frattarelli
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hans Ågren
- Theoretical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Properties of Pyridine-Carbazole Acrylonitrile Derivatives. MATERIALS 2011; 4:562-574. [PMID: 28880006 PMCID: PMC5448495 DOI: 10.3390/ma4030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized three novel highly fluorescent compounds, 2-(2'-pyridyl)-3-(N-ethyl-(3'-carbazolyl))acrylonitrile, 2-(3"-pyridyl)-3-(N-ethyl-(3'-carbazolyl))acrylonitrile, and 2-(4-pyridyl)-3-(N-ethyl-(3'-carbazolyl))acrylonitrile by Knoevenagel condensation. The first two were synthesized without solvent in the presence of piperidine as a catalyst; the third was synthesized without a catalyst and with N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent. In solution, the molar absorption coefficients showed absorptions at 380, 378, and 396 nm, respectively; in solid state, absorptions were at 398, 390, and 442 nm, respectively. The fluorescence emission was at 540, 540 and 604 nm, respectively, the 2-(4-pyridyl)-3-(N-ethyl-(3'-carbazolyl))acrylonitrile showed a red shift in the emission of 64 nm compared to the other two compounds. The fluorescence quantum yield for the compounds in powder form showed values of 0.05, 0.14, and 0.006, respectively; compared with the value measured for the Alq3 reference, 2-(3"-pyridyl)-3-(N-ethyl-(3'-carbazolyl))acrylonitrile had a lightly higher value. The third harmonic generation measurement for 2-(2'-pyridyl)-3-(N-ethyl-(3'-carbazolyl))acrylonitrile yielded a χ(3) value of 5.5 × 10-12 esu, similar to that reported for commercial polymers.
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Third-order nonlinear optical materials: practical issues and theoretical challenges. J Mol Model 2010; 17:2183-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang K, Long H, Fu M, Yang G, Lu P. Size-related third-order optical nonlinearities of Au nanoparticle arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:13874-13879. [PMID: 20588520 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.013874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a systematic study of the size-related nonlinear optical properties of triangular Au particles. The triangular Au nanoparticle arrays of four sizes (37 nm, 70 nm, 140 nm and 190 nm) were fabricated on quartz substrates using nanosphere lithography. By performing the Z-scan method with femtosecond laser (800 nm, 50 fs), the optical nonlinearities of Au nanoparticle arrays were determined. The results showed a size-related competition between two mechanisms of groundstate bleaching and two-photon absorption. As the size increased, the nonlinear absorption changed from two-photon absorption to saturated absorption, while the nonlinear refraction changed from self-defocusing to self-focusing. These size-tunable nonlinearities make it possible to optimize the one- and two-photon figures of merit, W and T, for all-optical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Chi SH, Hales JM, Cozzuol M, Ochoa C, Fitzpatrick M, Perry JW. Conjugated polymer-fullerene blend with strong optical limiting in the near-infrared. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:22062-22072. [PMID: 19997452 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.022062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Optical-quality, melt processable thick films of a conjugated polymer blend containing poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-(phenylene vinylene)) (MEH-PPV), a C(60) derivative (PCBM) and a plasticizer (1,2-di-iso-octylphthalate) have been developed and their nonlinear absorption and optical limiting properties have been investigated. These blend materials exhibited strong optical limiting characteristics in the near infrared region (750-900 nm), with broad temporal dynamic range spanning femtosecond to nanosecond pulse widths. The dispersion of the optical limiting figure-of-merit of the MEH-PPV:PCBM:DOP blend shows a peak near the wavelength of the MEH-PPV cation, indicating an important role of one-photon and two-photon induced charge transfer in the nonlinear absorption response.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Hui Chi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Egbe DAM, Carbonnier B, Birckner E, Grummt UW. Arylene-ethynylene/arylene-vinylene copolymers: Synthesis and structure–property relationships. Prog Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen RY, Charlton MDB, Lagoudakis PG. Chi 3 dispersion in planar tantalum pentoxide waveguides in the telecommunications window. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:1135-1137. [PMID: 19340244 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the dispersion of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility (chi(3) or "Chi 3") in planar Ta2O5 waveguides in the telecommunications spectral window. We utilize the observation of third-harmonic generation under ultrashort pulsed excitation as a reference-free characterization method of chi(3) and obtain a large nonlinear coefficient, 2x10(-13) esu, at 1550 nm. Our observation of efficient third-harmonic generation in Ta2O5 waveguides in the telecoms window reveals the potential of this material system in high-speed integrated nonlinear optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Y Chen
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Bahtiar A, Koynov K, Mardiyati Y, Hörhold HH, Bubeck C. Slab waveguides of poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s for all-optical switching: impact of side-chain substitution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b908033c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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He GS, Tan LS, Zheng Q, Prasad PN. Multiphoton Absorbing Materials: Molecular Designs, Characterizations, and Applications. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1245-330. [PMID: 18361528 DOI: 10.1021/cr050054x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1205] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hildner R, Lemmer U, Scherf U, Köhler J. Continuous-wave two-photon spectroscopy on a ladder-type conjugated polymer. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mingaleev SF, Miroshnichenko AE, Kivshar YS, Busch K. All-optical switching, bistability, and slow-light transmission in photonic crystal waveguide-resonator structures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 74:046603. [PMID: 17155188 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.74.046603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the resonant linear and nonlinear transmission through a photonic crystal waveguide side-coupled to a Kerr-nonlinear photonic crystal resonator. First, we extend the standard coupled-mode theory analysis to photonic crystal structures and obtain explicit analytical expressions for the bistability thresholds and transmission coefficients which provide the basis for a detailed understanding of the possibilities associated with these structures. Next, we discuss limitations of standard coupled-mode theory and present an alternative analytical approach based on the effective discrete equations derived using a Green's function method. We find that the discrete nature of the photonic crystal waveguides allows a geometry-driven enhancement of nonlinear effects by shifting the resonator location relative to the waveguide, thus providing an additional control of resonant waveguide transmission and Fano resonances. We further demonstrate that this enhancement may result in the lowering of the bistability threshold and switching power of nonlinear devices by several orders of magnitude. Finally, we show that employing such enhancements is of paramount importance for the design of all-optical devices based on slow-light photonic crystal waveguides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei F Mingaleev
- Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Universität Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe 76128, Germany
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Hu X, Jiang P, Yang H, Gong Q. All-optical tunable photonic bandgap microcavities with a femtosecond time response. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:2777-9. [PMID: 16936889 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.002777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
An all-optical tunable photonic bandgap microcavity made from a two-dimensional polystyrene photonic crystal is fabricated by focused ion beam etching. The pump and probe scheme is adopted to measure tunability based on the femtosecond optical Kerr effect. An ultrafast response time of less than 120 fs is achieved for the tunable photonic bandgap microcavity. The microcavity resonant wavelength shifts 3.1 nm under excitation of 9.4 GW/cm2 pump intensity, which is in agreement with the theoretical prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Ji W, Elim HI, He J, Fitrilawati F, Baskar C, Valiyaveettil S, Knoll W. Photophysical and Nonlinear-Optical Properties of a New Polymer: Hydroxylated Pyridyl Para-phenylene. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0347116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Freydank AC, Humphrey MG, Friedrich RW, Luther-Davies B. Synthesis and optical characterization of unsymmetrical oligophenylenevinylenes. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Application of the polyconjugated main chain polymer DPOP-PPV for ultrafast all-optical switching in a nonlinear directional coupler. Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Samoc M, Samoc A, Luther-Davies B, Woodruff M. The concept of guiding light with light and negative third-order optical nonlinearities of organics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0963-9659/5/5/021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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