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Makarov S, Pikuz S, Ryazantsev S, Pikuz T, Buzmakov A, Rose M, Lazarev S, Senkbeil T, von Gundlach A, Stuhr S, Rumancev C, Dzhigaev D, Skopintsev P, Zaluzhnyy I, Viefhaus J, Rosenhahn A, Kodama R, Vartanyants IA. Soft X-ray diffraction patterns measured by a LiF detector with sub-micrometre resolution and an ultimate dynamic range. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:625-632. [PMID: 32381762 PMCID: PMC7285683 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520002192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The unique diagnostic possibilities of X-ray diffraction, small X-ray scattering and phase-contrast imaging techniques applied with high-intensity coherent X-ray synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser radiation can only be fully realized if a sufficient dynamic range and/or spatial resolution of the detector is available. In this work, it is demonstrated that the use of lithium fluoride (LiF) as a photoluminescence (PL) imaging detector allows measuring of an X-ray diffraction image with a dynamic range of ∼107 within the sub-micrometre spatial resolution. At the PETRA III facility, the diffraction pattern created behind a circular aperture with a diameter of 5 µm irradiated by a beam with a photon energy of 500 eV was recorded on a LiF crystal. In the diffraction pattern, the accumulated dose was varied from 1.7 × 105 J cm-3 in the central maximum to 2 × 10-2 J cm-3 in the 16th maximum of diffraction fringes. The period of the last fringe was measured with 0.8 µm width. The PL response of the LiF crystal being used as a detector on the irradiation dose of 500 eV photons was evaluated. For the particular model of laser-scanning confocal microscope Carl Zeiss LSM700, used for the readout of the PL signal, the calibration dependencies on the intensity of photopumping (excitation) radiation (λ = 488 nm) and the gain have been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Makarov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Street 13 Bd 2, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Street 13 Bd 2, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
- Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Ryazantsev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Street 13 Bd 2, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Street 13 Bd 2, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Alexey Buzmakov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Centre – Crystallography and Photonics, Leninskii pr-t 59, Moscow 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Max Rose
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Tobias Senkbeil
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitatsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Andreas von Gundlach
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitatsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Susan Stuhr
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitatsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Christoph Rumancev
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitatsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Dmitry Dzhigaev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Petr Skopintsev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Ivan Zaluzhnyy
- Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Jens Viefhaus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitatsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Ryosuke Kodama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ivan A. Vartanyants
- Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
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Ishino M, Dinh TH, Hosaka Y, Hasegawa N, Yoshimura K, Yamamoto H, Hatano T, Higashiguchi T, Sakaue K, Ichimaru S, Hatayama M, Sasaki A, Washio M, Nishikino M, Maekawa Y. Soft x-ray laser beamline for surface processing and damage studies. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:3692-3698. [PMID: 32400492 DOI: 10.1364/ao.387792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a soft x-ray laser (SXRL) beamline equipped with an intensity monitor dedicated to ablation study such as surface processing and damage formation. The SXRL beam having a wavelength of 13.9 nm, pulse width of 7 ps, and pulse energy of around 200 nJ is generated from Ag plasma mediums using an oscillator-amplifier configuration. The SXRL beam is focused onto the sample surface by the Mo/Si multilayer coated spherical mirror. To get the correct irradiation energy/fluence, an intensity monitor composed of a Mo/Si multilayer beam splitter and an x-ray charge-coupled device camera has been installed in the beamline. The Mo/Si multilayer beam splitter has a large polarization dependence in the reflectivity around the incident angle of 45°. However, by evaluating the relationship between reflectivity and transmittance of the beam splitter appropriately, the irradiation energy onto the sample surface can be derived from the energy acquired by the intensity monitor. This SXRL beamline is available to not only the ablation phenomena but also the performance evaluation of soft x-ray optics and resists.
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Advanced high resolution x-ray diagnostic for HEDP experiments. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16407. [PMID: 30401885 PMCID: PMC6219551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High resolution X-ray imaging is crucial for many high energy density physics (HEDP) experiments. Recently developed techniques to improve resolution have, however, come at the cost of a decreased field of view. In this paper, an innovative experimental detector for X-ray imaging in the context of HEDP experiments with high spatial resolution, as well as a large field of view, is presented. The platform is based on coupling an X-ray backligther source with a Lithium Fluoride detector, characterized by its large dynamic range. A spatial resolution of 2 µm over a field of view greater than 2 mm2 is reported. The platform was benchmarked with both an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) and an X-ray source produced by a short pulse laser. First, using a non-coherent short pulse laser-produced backlighter, reduced penumbra blurring, as a result of the large size of the X-ray source, is shown. Secondly, we demonstrate phase contrast imaging with a fully coherent monochromatic XFEL beam. Modeling of the absorption and phase contrast transmission of X-ray radiation passing through various targets is presented.
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Burst intensification by singularity emitting radiation in multi-stream flows. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17968. [PMID: 29269841 PMCID: PMC5740116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Burst Intensification by Singularity Emitting Radiation (BISER) is proposed. Singularities in multi-stream flows of emitting media cause constructive interference of emitted travelling waves, forming extremely localized sources of bright coherent emission. Here we for the first time demonstrate this extreme localization of BISER by direct observation of nano-scale coherent x-ray sources in a laser plasma. The energy emitted into the spectral range from 60 to 100 eV is up to ~100 nJ, corresponding to ~1010 photons. Simulations reveal that these sources emit trains of attosecond x-ray pulses. Our findings establish a new class of bright laboratory sources of electromagnetic radiation. Furthermore, being applicable to travelling waves of any nature (e.g. electromagnetic, gravitational or acoustic), BISER provides a novel framework for creating new emitters and for interpreting observations in many fields of science.
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Pikuz T, Faenov A, Matsuoka T, Matsuyama S, Yamauchi K, Ozaki N, Albertazzi B, Inubushi Y, Yabashi M, Tono K, Sato Y, Yumoto H, Ohashi H, Pikuz S, Grum-Grzhimailo AN, Nishikino M, Kawachi T, Ishikawa T, Kodama R. 3D visualization of XFEL beam focusing properties using LiF crystal X-ray detector. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17713. [PMID: 26634431 PMCID: PMC4669527 DOI: 10.1038/srep17713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report, that by means of direct irradiation of lithium fluoride a (LiF) crystal, in situ 3D visualization of the SACLA XFEL focused beam profile along the propagation direction is realized, including propagation inside photoluminescence solid matter. High sensitivity and large dynamic range of the LiF crystal detector allowed measurements of the intensity distribution of the beam at distances far from the best focus as well as near the best focus and evaluation of XFEL source size and beam quality factor M2. Our measurements also support the theoretical prediction that for X-ray photons with energies ~10 keV the radius of the generated photoelectron cloud within the LiF crystal reaches about 600 nm before thermalization. The proposed method has a spatial resolution ~ 0.4–2.0 μm for photons with energies 6–14 keV and potentially could be used in a single shot mode for optimization of different focusing systems developed at XFEL and synchrotron facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pikuz
- PPC and GSE Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Anatoly Faenov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia.,Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsuoka
- Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuyama
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamauchi
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Ultra-Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-1871, Japan
| | - Norimasa Ozaki
- PPC and GSE Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Yuichi Inubushi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yuya Sato
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirokatsu Yumoto
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ohashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Sergei Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Alexei N Grum-Grzhimailo
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Masaharu Nishikino
- Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kawachi
- Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kodama
- PPC and GSE Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Magnitskiy S, Nagorskiy N, Faenov A, Pikuz T, Tanaka M, Ishino M, Nishikino M, Fukuda Y, Kando M, Kawachi T, Kato Y. Observation and theory of X-ray mirages. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1936. [PMID: 23733009 PMCID: PMC3709498 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of X-ray lasers allowed the realization of compact coherent soft X-ray sources, thus opening the way to a wide range of applications. Here we report the observation of unexpected concentric rings in the far-field beam profile at the output of a two-stage plasma-based X-ray laser, which can be considered as the first manifestation of a mirage phenomenon in X-rays. We have developed a method of solving the Maxwell–Bloch equations for this problem, and find that the experimentally observed phenomenon is due to the emergence of X-ray mirages in the plasma amplifier, appearing as phase-matched coherent virtual point sources. The obtained results bring a new insight into the physical nature of amplification of X-ray radiation in laser-induced plasma amplifiers and open additional opportunities for X-ray plasma diagnostics and extreme ultraviolet lithography. X-ray lasers are of interest to study various properties of materials down to the atomic scale. The discovery by Magnitskiy et al. of a mirage interference effect in X-ray plasma lasers could lead to new possibilities to control the output of such lasers.
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Pikuz TA, Faenov AY, Fukuda Y, Kando M, Bolton P, Mitrofanov A, Vinogradov AV, Nagasono M, Ohashi H, Yabashi M, Tono K, Senba Y, Togashi T, Ishikawa T. Soft x-ray free-electron laser imaging by LiF crystal and film detectors over a wide range of fluences. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:509-515. [PMID: 23338201 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
LiF crystal and film detectors were used to measure the far-field fluence profile of a self-amplified spontaneous-emission free-electron laser beam and diffraction imaging with high spatial resolution. In these measurements the photoluminescence (PL) response of LiF crystal and film was compared over a wide range of soft x-ray fluences. It was found that the soft x-ray fluence dependences of LiF crystal and film differ. At low fluence, the LiF crystal shows higher PL response compared to LiF film, while this comparison is the opposite at higher fluence. Accurate measurement of LiF crystal and film PL response is important for precise characterization of the spatial, spectral, and coherence features of x-ray beams across the full profile and in localized areas. For such measurements, crucial LiF detector attributes are high spatial resolution and high dynamic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Pikuz
- Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
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Pikuz T, Faenov A, Fukuda Y, Kando M, Bolton P, Mitrofanov A, Vinogradov A, Nagasono M, Ohashi H, Yabashi M, Tono K, Senba Y, Togashi T, Ishikawa T. Optical features of a LiF crystal soft X-ray imaging detector irradiated by free electron laser pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:3424-3433. [PMID: 22418101 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.003424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Optical features of point defects photoluminescence in LiF crystals, irradiated by soft X-ray pulses of the Free Electron Laser with wavelengths of 17.2 - 61.5 nm, were measured. We found that peak of photoluminescence spectra lies near of 530 nm and are associated with emission of F3+ centers. Our results suggest that redistribution of photoluminescence peak intensity from the red to the green part of the spectra is associated with a shortening of the applied laser pulses down to pico - or femtosecond durations. Dependence of peak intensity of photoluminescence spectra from the soft X-ray irradiation fluence was measured and the absence of quenching phenomena, even at relatively high fluencies was found, which is very important for wide applications of LiF crystal X-ray imaging detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pikuz
- Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan.
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