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Pulse Shape Estimation in a DSR Fiber Laser Using the Genetic Algorithm. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9040212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting the computing power of the genetic algorithm, a numerical study of dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) in a ring laser mode-locked by a real saturable absorber (SA) is conducted. A section of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is inserted into the laser cavity design to facilitate accurate control of both dispersion and nonlinearity. The influence of the cavity parameters on the evolution of the DSR pulses is systematically analyzed. The genetic algorithm demonstrates that the generation of DSR square pulses depends directly on the PCF dispersion, the PCF nonlinearity, the PCF length, and the modulation depth of the SA. Finally, the sensitivity of the DSR pulse width, peak power and energy to perturbations in a few key design parameters are highlighted.
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Asaduzzaman S, Ahmed K. Proposal of a gas sensor with high sensitivity, birefringence and nonlinearity for air pollution monitoring. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Asaduzzaman S, Ahmed K, Bhuiyan T, Farah T. Hybrid photonic crystal fiber in chemical sensing. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:748. [PMID: 27386231 PMCID: PMC4910933 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background In this article, a hybrid photonic crystal fiber has been proposed for chemical sensing. A FEM has been applied for numerical investigation of some propagation characteristics of the PCF at a wider wavelength from 0.7 to 1.7 µm. The geometrical parameters altered to determine the optimized values. The proposed PCF contains three rings of circular holes in the cladding where the core is formulated with microstructure elliptical holes. Results The simulation result reveals that our proposed PCF exhibits high sensitivity and low confinement loss for benzene, ethanol and water than the prior PCFs. We have also shown that our proposed PCF shows high birefringence for benzene 1.544 × 10−3, for ethanol 1.513 × 10−3 and for water 1.474 × 10−3 at λ = 1.33 µm. Conclusion The proposed PCF is simple with three rings which can be used for the sensing applications of industrially valuable lower indexed chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Asaduzzaman
- Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU), Santosh, Tangail, 1902 Bangladesh
| | - Kawsar Ahmed
- Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU), Santosh, Tangail, 1902 Bangladesh
| | - Touhid Bhuiyan
- Department of Software Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjila Farah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Morshed M, Imran Hassan M, Roy TK, Uddin MS, Abdur Razzak SM. Microstructure core photonic crystal fiber for gas sensing applications. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:8637-8643. [PMID: 26479798 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.008637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a highly sensitive gas sensor based on the microstructure core and cladding photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is presented over the wavelength range from 1.3 to 2.2 μm, which is advantageous for sensor fabrication. The guiding properties of the proposed structure are dependent on geometrical parameters and wavelengths, which are numerically investigated by using a finite element method (FEM). Introducing the microstructure core makes it possible to obtain higher relative sensitivity and achieves low confinement loss. Moreover, it can be shown that increasing the diameter of the air holes in the microstructure core and decreasing the size of hole to hole space (pitch), the relative sensitivity is enhanced. In addition, the confinement loss is reduced by increasing the value of the diameter of the air holes in the cladding. Simulation results reveal that for the optimum design of the proposed PCF it is possible to obtain the highest relative sensitivity of about 42.27% at the wavelength λ=1.33 μm for the absorption line of methane (CH4) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) gases. In this case, the confinement loss of the fiber is 4.78345×10-6 dB/m.
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Ferrari AC, Bonaccorso F, Fal'ko V, Novoselov KS, Roche S, Bøggild P, Borini S, Koppens FHL, Palermo V, Pugno N, Garrido JA, Sordan R, Bianco A, Ballerini L, Prato M, Lidorikis E, Kivioja J, Marinelli C, Ryhänen T, Morpurgo A, Coleman JN, Nicolosi V, Colombo L, Fert A, Garcia-Hernandez M, Bachtold A, Schneider GF, Guinea F, Dekker C, Barbone M, Sun Z, Galiotis C, Grigorenko AN, Konstantatos G, Kis A, Katsnelson M, Vandersypen L, Loiseau A, Morandi V, Neumaier D, Treossi E, Pellegrini V, Polini M, Tredicucci A, Williams GM, Hong BH, Ahn JH, Kim JM, Zirath H, van Wees BJ, van der Zant H, Occhipinti L, Di Matteo A, Kinloch IA, Seyller T, Quesnel E, Feng X, Teo K, Rupesinghe N, Hakonen P, Neil SRT, Tannock Q, Löfwander T, Kinaret J. Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4598-810. [PMID: 25707682 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 991] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
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Lecaplain C, Soto-Crespo JM, Grelu P, Conti C. Dissipative shock waves in all-normal-dispersion mode-locked fiber lasers. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:263-266. [PMID: 24562122 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose an interpretation of the pronounced "M" spectral shape that is a recurrent feature in all-normal-dispersion mode-locked fiber laser dynamics. Our interpretation involves shock wave formation regularized by dissipation, modeled by a modified Burgers equation. The large fringes appearing at the edges of the spectrum result from discontinuities in the spectral phase.
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Qian K, Wang H, Laroche M, Hideur A. Mode-locked Nd-doped fiber laser at 930 nm. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:267-70. [PMID: 24562123 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on a passively mode-locked neodymium-doped oscillator featuring a W-type fiber operating at 930 nm. Two different laser configurations with and without dispersion management are investigated to generate high-energy similaritons. Chirped pulses with 2.2 nJ energy that can be compressed to 126 fs are generated in the dispersion-managed cavity. The ANDI-fiber laser delivers parabolic pulses with 5.2 ps duration that can be compressed to 146 fs.
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Liu L, Liao JH, Ning QY, Yu W, Luo AP, Xu SH, Luo ZC, Yang ZM, Xu WC. Wave-breaking-free pulse in an all-fiber normal-dispersion Yb-doped fiber laser under dissipative soliton resonance condition. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:27087-27092. [PMID: 24216932 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.027087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We reported on the dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) phenomenon in a mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser by using the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. It was found that the multi-pulse oscillation under high pump power could be circumvented by properly adjusting the polarization controllers, namely, the wave-breaking-free rectangular pulse in DSR region was achieved. As the DSR signature, the pulse duration varied from 8.8 ps to 22.92 ns with the increasing pump power. Correspondingly, the maximum pulse energy was 3.24 nJ. The results demonstrated that the DSR phenomenon could exist in Yb-doped fiber lasers, which could be used to achieve wave-breaking-free, ultrahigh-energy pulse.
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Baumgartl M, Lecaplain C, Hideur A, Limpert J, Tünnermann A. 66 W average power from a microjoule-class sub-100 fs fiber oscillator. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:1640-1642. [PMID: 22627522 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Performance scaling of passively mode-locked ultrashort-pulse fiber oscillators in terms of average power, peak power, and pulse energy is demonstrated. A very-large-mode-area fiber laser in an all-positive group-velocity-dispersion ring cavity configuration with intracavity spectral filter, mode-locked by nonlinear polarization evolution, emits 66 W of average power at 76 MHz repetition rate, corresponding to 0.9 μJ pulse energy. The pulses are dechirped to 91 fs outside the cavity with an average power of 60 W remaining after the compressor. The generated pulse peak power is as high as 7 MW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Baumgartl
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany. martin.baumgartl@uni‑jena.de
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Renninger WH, Chong A, Wise FW. Pulse Shaping and Evolution in Normal-Dispersion Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2012; 18:389-398. [PMID: 22899881 PMCID: PMC3415714 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2011.2157462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fiber lasers mode locked with large normal group-velocity dispersion have recently achieved femtosecond pulse durations with energies and peak powers at least an order of magnitude greater than those of prior approaches. Several new mode-locking regimes have been demonstrated, including self-similar pulse propagation in passive and active fibers, dissipative solitons, and a pulse evolution that avoids wave breaking at high peak power but has not been reproduced by theoretical treatment. Here, we illustrate the main features of these new pulse-shaping mechanisms through the results of numerical simulations that agree with experimental results. We describe the features that distinguish each new mode-locking state and explain how the interplay of basic processes in the fiber produces the balance of amplitude and phase evolutions needed for stable high-energy pulses. Dissipative processes such as spectral filtering play a major role in normal-dispersion mode locking. Understanding the different mechanisms allows us to compare and contrast them, as well as to categorize them to some extent.
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Lecaplain C, Baumgartl M, Schreiber T, Hideur A. On the mode-locking mechanism of a dissipative- soliton fiber oscillator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:26742-26751. [PMID: 22274258 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.026742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the generation of high-energy pulses in an all normal dispersion photonic-crystal fiber laser. Two mode-locking techniques with and without passive spectral filtering are studied both numerically and experimentally to address a roadmap for energy scaling. It is found that high-contrast passive modulation is a very promising mode-locking technique for energy scaling in dissipative-soliton laser. Moreover, this technique does not need any additional spectral filtering than the limited gain bandwidth to stabilize high-energy ultrashort pulses. The presented laser generates 110 nJ chirped pulses at 57 MHz repetition rate for an average power of 6.2 W. The output pulses could be dechirped close to the transform-limited duration of 100 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lecaplain
- UMR 6614 CORIA, Université de Rouen, Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France.
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Lhermite J, Lecaplain C, Machinet G, Royon R, Hideur A, Cormier E. Mode-locked 0.5 μJ fiber laser at 976 nm. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:3819-3821. [PMID: 21964108 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.003819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on high-energy femtosecond pulse generation from an ytterbium-doped rod-type fiber oscillator emitting around 976 nm. Self-starting and stable single-pulse operation are demonstrated with 4.2 W of average output power at a repetition rate of 8.4 MHz. The resulting energy level reaches 0.5 μJ. Because of the all-normal dispersion of the laser cavity, output pulses are naturally chirped with a duration of 14 ps. External compression using diffraction gratings shortens the pulse duration down to 460 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lhermite
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université de Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA, UMR 5107, 351 Cours de la Libération F-33405 Talence, France. ‐bordeaux1.fr
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Lefrancois S, Sosnowski TS, Liu CH, Galvanauskas A, Wise FW. Energy scaling of mode-locked fiber lasers with chirally-coupled core fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:3464-70. [PMID: 21369169 PMCID: PMC3135632 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.003464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a mode-locked dissipative soliton laser based on large-mode-area chirally-coupled-core Yb-doped fiber. This demonstrates scaling of a fiber oscillator to large mode area in a format that directly holds the lowest-order mode and that is also compatible with standard fiber integration. With an all-normal-dispersion cavity design, chirped pulse energies above 40 nJ are obtained with dechirped durations below 200 fs. Using a shorter fiber, dechirped durations close to 100 fs are achieved at pump-limited energies. The achievement of correct energy scaling is evidence of single-transverse-mode operation, which is confirmed by beam-quality and spectral-interference measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lefrancois
- Department of Applied Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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Lefrancois S, Sosnowski TS, Liu CH, Galvanauskas A, Wise FW. Energy scaling of mode-locked fiber lasers with chirally-coupled core fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:3464-3470. [PMID: 21369169 PMCID: PMC3135632 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report a mode-locked dissipative soliton laser based on large-mode-area chirally-coupled-core Yb-doped fiber. This demonstrates scaling of a fiber oscillator to large mode area in a format that directly holds the lowest-order mode and that is also compatible with standard fiber integration. With an all-normal-dispersion cavity design, chirped pulse energies above 40 nJ are obtained with dechirped durations below 200 fs. Using a shorter fiber, dechirped durations close to 100 fs are achieved at pump-limited energies. The achievement of correct energy scaling is evidence of single-transverse-mode operation, which is confirmed by beam-quality and spectral-interference measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lefrancois
- Department of Applied Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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Chichkov NB, Hapke C, Hausmann K, Theeg T, Wandt D, Morgner U, Neumann J, Kracht D. 0.5 µJ pulses from a giant-chirp ytterbium fiber oscillator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:3647-3650. [PMID: 21369189 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.003647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a mode-locked all-normal dispersion ytterbium fiber oscillator with output pulse energies beyond 0.5 µJ. The oscillator is mode-locked using nonlinear polarization rotation, and stable single-pulse operation is achieved by spectral filtering inside the resonator. The oscillator generates strongly chirped output pulses at a repetition rate of 4.3 MHz which can be compressed down to 760 fs.
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Baumgartl M, Jansen F, Stutzki F, Jauregui C, Ortaç B, Limpert J, Tünnermann A. High average and peak power femtosecond large-pitch photonic-crystal-fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:244-6. [PMID: 21263514 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the generation of high-average-power and high-peak-power ultrashort pulses from a mode-locked fiber laser operating in the all-normal-dispersion regime. As gain medium, a large-mode-area ytterbium-doped large-pitch photonic-crystal fiber is used. The self-starting fiber laser delivers 27 W of average power at 50.57 MHz repetition rate, resulting in 534 nJ of pulse energy. The laser produces positively chirped 2 ps output pulses, which are compressed down to sub-100 fs, leading to pulse peak powers as high as 3.2 MW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Baumgartl
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Institute of Applied Physics, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Ding E, Lefrancois S, Kutz JN, Wise FW. Scaling Fiber Lasers to Large Mode Area: An Investigation of Passive Mode-Locking Using a Multi-Mode Fiber. IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2011; 47:597-606. [PMID: 21731106 PMCID: PMC3125541 DOI: 10.1109/jqe.2011.2107730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mode-locking of dissipative soliton fiber lasers using large mode area fiber supporting multiple transverse modes is studied experimentally and theoretically. The averaged mode-locking dynamics in a multi-mode fiber are studied using a distributed model. The co-propagation of multiple transverse modes is governed by a system of coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations. Simulations show that stable and robust mode-locked pulses can be produced. However, the mode-locking can be destabilized by excessive higher-order mode content. Experiments using large core step-index fiber, photonic crystal fiber, and chirally-coupled core fiber show that mode-locking can be significantly disturbed in the presence of higher-order modes, resulting in lower maximum single-pulse energies. In practice, spatial mode content must be carefully controlled to achieve full pulse energy scaling. This paper demonstrates that mode-locking performance is very sensitive to the presence of multiple waveguide modes when compared to systems such as amplifiers and continuous-wave lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Ding
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Simon Lefrancois
- Department of Applied Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Jose Nathan Kutz
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Frank W. Wise
- Department of Applied Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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