1
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Crum VF, Kubarych KJ. Nanoclustering in non-ideal ethanol/heptane solutions alters solvation dynamics. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:044507. [PMID: 39056386 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol/alkane solutions widely used in chemical synthesis and as transportation fuels are highly non-ideal due to the nanoscale clustering of the amphiphilic alcohol molecules within the nonpolar alkanes. Besides impacting reactivity, such as combustion, non-ideal solutions are likely to exhibit unusual solvation dynamics on ultrafast time scales arising from the structurally heterogeneous nature of molecular-scale association. Using a convenient transition metal carbonyl vibrational probe [(C5H5)Mn(CO)3, CMT], linear absorption and nonlinear two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy reveal composition-dependent solvation dynamics as reported by the frequency fluctuation correlation function in a series of ethanol/heptane solutions. Slow spectral diffusion with dilute ethanol indicates preferential solvation of the polar solute by the alcohol with a mechanism largely dominated by solvent exchange. Comparison with an ethanol/acetonitrile solution series yields no substantial preferential solvation or solvent exchange signatures in the linear or 2D-IR spectra. In ethanol/heptane solutions, increasing the ethanol concentration speeds up the solvation dynamics, which is largely consistent with a model that includes solvent exchange and single-solvent spectral diffusion. Detailed analysis of the deviation from the experimental time constants from the model's optimal parameters yields a remarkable resemblance of the concentration-weighted Kirkwood-Buff integrals for ethanol/heptane solutions. This trend indicates that solution non-ideality alters the spectral diffusion dynamics of the probe solute. Given that nanoscale clustering drives the non-ideality, these experiments reveal a dynamical consequence of nanoscale heterogeneity on the ultrafast dynamics of the solution. Refined understanding of the structural and dynamical aspects of mixed solvents will be necessary for predictive solution strategies in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F Crum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kevin J Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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2
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Kameyama R, Tanaka S, Murotani Y, Matsuda T, Kanda N, Matsunaga R, Yoshinobu J. Ultra-broadband detection of coherent infrared pulses by sum-frequency generation spectroscopy in reflection geometry. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3978-3981. [PMID: 39008755 DOI: 10.1364/ol.530328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
We have newly developed, to the best of our knowledge, a detection method for broadband infrared pulses based on sum-frequency generation spectroscopy in reflection geometry, which can avoid a restriction of the detection bandwidth originating from the phase mismatch that is inevitable for the upconversion in transmission geometry. Using a GaAs crystal, we successfully demonstrated the ultra-broadband detection of the infrared pulses generated from a two-color laser-induced air plasma filament in a region from 300 to 3300 cm-1. With the advantage of ultra-short infrared pulses, the present detection method holds promise for application to time-resolved, ultra-broadband vibrational spectroscopy.
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3
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Jonušas M, Bournet Q, Bonvalet A, Natile M, Guichard F, Zaouter Y, Georges P, Druon F, Hanna M, Joffre M. Chirped pulse upconversion for femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy at 100 kHz. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8020-8029. [PMID: 38439469 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate that chirped pulse up-conversion (CPU), a method routinely used with systems based on 1-kHz Titanium:Sapphire lasers, can be extended to a repetition rate of 100 kHz with an Ytterbium diode-pumped femtosecond amplifier. Individual mid-infrared spectra can thus be measured directly in the near infrared using a fast CMOS linescan camera. After an appropriate Fourier processing, a spectral resolution of 1.1 cm-1 is reported, currently limited by our spectrometer. Additionally, we demonstrate the application of CPU to a pump-probe measurement of the vibrational relaxation in carboxy-hemoglobin, and we show that the combination of fast scanning and fast acquisition enables a straightforward removal of pump scattering interference.
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4
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Zhao Y, Kusama S, Furutani Y, Huang WH, Luo CW, Fuji T. High-speed scanless entire bandwidth mid-infrared chemical imaging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3929. [PMID: 37402722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mid-infrared spectroscopy probes molecular vibrations to identify chemical species and functional groups. Therefore, mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging is one of the most powerful and promising candidates for chemical imaging using optical methods. Yet high-speed and entire bandwidth mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging has not been realized. Here we report a mid-infrared hyperspectral chemical imaging technique that uses chirped pulse upconversion of sub-cycle pulses at the image plane. This technique offers a lateral resolution of 15 µm, and the field of view is adjustable between 800 µm × 600 µm to 12 mm × 9 mm. The hyperspectral imaging produces a 640 × 480 pixel image in 8 s, which covers a spectral range of 640-3015 cm-1, comprising 1069 wavelength points and offering a wavenumber resolution of 2.6-3.7 cm-1. For discrete frequency mid-infrared imaging, the measurement speed reaches a frame rate of 5 kHz, the repetition rate of the laser. As a demonstration, we effectively identified and mapped different components in a microfluidic device, plant cell, and mouse embryo section. The great capacity and latent force of this technique in chemical imaging promise to be applied to many fields such as chemical analysis, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Laser Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan.
- Graduate School of Engineering College of Design and Manufacturing Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan.
| | - Shota Kusama
- Laser Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan
| | - Yuji Furutani
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
- Optobiotechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Wei-Hong Huang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Takao Fuji
- Laser Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan.
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Thomson MD, Warawa K, Meng F, Roskos HG. Determining the absolute temporal field of ultra-broadband terahertz-infrared pulses with field-induced second-harmonic spectrograms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:15089-15106. [PMID: 37157358 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of spectrograms of the field-induced second-harmonic (FISH) signal generated in ambient air, to reconstruct the absolute temporal electric field of ultra-broadband terahertz-infrared (THz-IR) pulses with bandwidths exceeding 100 THz. The approach is applicable even with relatively long (150-femtosecond) optical detection pulses, where the relative intensity and phase can be extracted from the moments of the spectrogram, as demonstrated by transmission spectroscopy of very thin samples. Auxiliary EFISH/ABCD measurements are used to provide the absolute field and phase calibration, respectively. We take into account the beam-shape/propagation effects about the detection focus on the measured FISH signals, which affect the field calibration, and show how an analysis of a set of measurements vs. truncation of the unfocused THz-IR beam can be used to correct for these. This approach could also be applied to the field calibration of ABCD measurements of conventional THz pulses.
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6
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Ultrafast Continuum IR Generation and Its Application in IR Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113245. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectral range of femtosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy is limited by the bandwidth of mid-IR pulses (100~400 cm−1) generated from the combination of Ti:Sapphire amplifier, Optical Parametric Amplifier (OPA), and Difference Frequency Generation (DFG). To overcome this limitation, we implement a compact continuum mid-IR source producing ultrafast pulses that span the frequency range from 1000 to 4200 cm−1 (from 10 to 2.4 μm), which utilize the mixing of fundamental, second-harmonic, and third-harmonic of 800 nm pulse in the air. After building an IR spectrometer with continuum IR and a monochromator, we found that the distortion of the measured IR spectrum originated from the contamination of higher-order diffraction. We used bandpass filters to eliminate the higher-order contributions and correct the measured IR spectrum. We further characterized the spectral properties of fundamental, second-harmonic, and third-harmonic fields after the plasmonic filamentation process, which helps to improve the efficiency of the continuum IR generation. Using the generated continuum IR pulses, we measured the IR absorption spectrum of a water–benzonitrile mixture, which was found to be consistent with the spectrum obtained with a commercial FT-IR spectrometer. The present work will be useful for the efficient generation of continuum IR pulses for IR pump-probe and two-dimensional IR spectroscopy experiments in the future.
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7
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Time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy applied to photoinduced reactions: how and why. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:557-584. [DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Crum VF, Kiefer LM, Kubarych KJ. Ultrafast vibrational dynamics of a solute correlates with dynamics of the solvent. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:134502. [PMID: 34624983 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy is used to measure the spectral dynamics of the metal carbonyl complex cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (CMT) in a series of linear alkyl nitriles. 2D-IR spectroscopy provides direct readout of solvation dynamics through spectral diffusion, probing the decay of frequency correlation induced by fluctuations of the solvent environment. 2D-IR simultaneously monitors intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) among excited vibrations, which can also be influenced by the solvent through the spectral density rather than the dynamical friction underlying solvation. Here, we report that the CMT vibrational probe reveals solvent dependences in both the spectral diffusion and the IVR time scales, where each slows with increased alkyl chain length. In order to assess the degree to which solute-solvent interactions can be correlated with bulk solvent properties, we compared our results with low-frequency dynamics obtained from optical Kerr effect (OKE) spectroscopy-performed by others-on the same nitrile solvent series. We find excellent correlation between our spectral diffusion results and the orientational dynamics time scales from OKE. We also find a correlation between our IVR time scales and the amplitudes of the low-frequency spectral densities evaluated at the 90-cm-1 energy difference, corresponding to the gap between the two strong vibrational modes of the carbonyl probe. 2D-IR and OKE provide complementary perspectives on condensed phase dynamics, and these findings provide experimental evidence that at least at the level of dynamical correlations, some aspects of a solute vibrational dynamics can be inferred from properties of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F Crum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Laura M Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kevin J Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Tumbic GW, Hossan MY, Thielges MC. Protein Dynamics by Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:299-321. [PMID: 34314221 PMCID: PMC8713465 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091520-091009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Proteins function as ensembles of interconverting structures. The motions span from picosecond bond rotations to millisecond and longer subunit displacements. Characterization of functional dynamics on all spatial and temporal scales remains challenging experimentally. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR) is maturing as a powerful approach for investigating proteins and their dynamics. We outline the advantages of IR spectroscopy, describe 2D IR and the information it provides, and introduce vibrational groups for protein analysis. We highlight example studies that illustrate the power and versatility of 2D IR for characterizing protein dynamics and conclude with a brief discussion of the outlook for biomolecular 2D IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran W Tumbic
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA;
| | - Md Yeathad Hossan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA;
| | - Megan C Thielges
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA;
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10
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Nakamura R, Inagaki Y, Kamimura T. Polarization-sensitive femtosecond mid-infrared spectrometer with a tunable Fabry-Perot filter and chirped-pulse upconversion. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:10517-10521. [PMID: 30645404 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.010517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy based on chirped-pulse upconversion is a promising method for observing molecular structure and vibrational dynamics. By using a polarized narrowband pump pulse in which center frequency is rapidly scanned with an electrically tunable Fabry-Perot filter, we have developed a femtosecond MIR spectrometer that is more sensitive to molecular structure. The pump energy and polarization dependences of transient MIR absorption spectra measured with the spectroscopic system revealed the appearance of a dark (infrared-inactive) mode due to a slight decrease in the molecular symmetry of a metal carbonyl complex, Mn2(CO)10, in solution. In addition, the rotational relaxation time of Mn2(CO)10 in solution was determined as approximately 20 ps.
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11
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Kiefer LM, Kubarych KJ. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy of coordination complexes: From solvent dynamics to photocatalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Development and Application of Sub-Cycle Mid-Infrared Source Based on Laser Filamentation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a perspective article which summarizes the development and application of sub-cycle mid-infrared (MIR) pulses generated through a laser filament. The generation scheme was published in Applied Sciences in 2013. The spectrum of the MIR pulse spreads from 2 to 50 μ m, corresponding to multiple octaves, and the pulse duration is 6.9 fs, namely, 0.63 times the period of the carrier wavelength, 3.3 μ m. The extremely broadband and highly coherent light source has potential for various applications. The light source has been applied for advanced ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy by several research groups. As another application example, single-shot detection of absorption spectra in the entire MIR range by the use of chirped-pulse upconversion with a gas medium has been demonstrated. Although the measurement of the field oscillation of the sub-cycle MIR pulse was not trivial, the waveform of the sub-cycle pulse has been completely characterized with a newly developed method, frequency-resolved optical gating capable of carrier-envelope phase determination. A particular behavior of the spectral phase of the sub-cycle pulse has been revealed through the waveform characterization.
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13
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Wang J. Ultrafast two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy for molecular structures and dynamics with expanding wavelength range and increasing sensitivities: from experimental and computational perspectives. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2017.1321856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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14
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Nakamura R, Inagaki Y, Hata H, Hamada N, Umemura N, Kamimura T. Wide-bandgap nonlinear crystal LiGaS 2 for femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy with chirped-pulse upconversion. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:9365-9369. [PMID: 27869834 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.009365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy based on chirped-pulse upconversion is a promising method for observing molecular vibrational dynamics. A quantitative study on nonlinear media for upconversion is still essential for wide applications, particularly at the frequencies below 2000 cm-1. We evaluate wide-bandgap nonlinear crystals of Li-containing ternary chalcogenides based on their performance as the upconversion medium for femtosecond MIR spectroscopy. The upconversion efficiency is measured as a function of the MIR pulse frequency and the chirped pulse energy. LiGaS2 is found to be an efficient crystal for the upconversion of MIR pulses in a wide frequency range of 1100-2700 cm-1, especially below 2000 cm-1. By using LiGaS2 as an efficient upconversion crystal, we develop a MIR pump-probe spectroscopy system with a spectral resolution of 2.5 cm-1, a time resolution of 0.2 ps, and a probe window of 120 cm-1. Vibrational relaxation dynamics of CO stretching modes of Mn2(CO)10 in cyclohexane and bovine serum albumin in D2O are demonstrated with a high signal-to-noise ratio.
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15
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Abstract
Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy has recently emerged as a powerful tool with applications in many areas of scientific research. The inherent high time resolution coupled with bond-specific spatial resolution of IR spectroscopy enable direct characterization of rapidly interconverting species and fast processes, even in complex systems found in chemistry and biology. In this minireview, we briefly outline the fundamental principles and experimental procedures of 2D IR spectroscopy. Using illustrative example studies, we explain the important features of 2D IR spectra and their capability to elucidate molecular structure and dynamics. Primarily, this minireview aims to convey the scope and potential of 2D IR spectroscopy by highlighting select examples of recent applications including the use of innate or introduced vibrational probes for the study of nucleic acids, peptides/proteins, and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Le Sueur
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA.
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16
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Shirai H, Duchesne C, Furutani Y, Fuji T. Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy with chirped-pulse upconversion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:29611-29616. [PMID: 25606893 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.029611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chirped-pulse upconversion technique has been applied to attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. An extremely broadband infrared pulse was sent to an ATR diamond prism and the reflected pulse was converted to the visible by using four-wave mixing in krypton gas. Absorption spectra of liquids in the range from 200 to 5500 cm(-1) were measured with a visible spectrometer on a single-shot basis. The system was applied to observe the dynamics of exchanging process of two solvents, water and acetone, which give clear vibrational spectral contrast. We observed that the exchange was finished within ∼ 10 ms.
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17
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Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy in photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1847:2-11. [PMID: 24973600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years visible pump/mid-infrared (IR) probe spectroscopy has established itself as a key technology to unravel structure-function relationships underlying the photo-dynamics of complex molecular systems. In this contribution we review the most important applications of mid-infrared absorption difference spectroscopy with sub-picosecond time-resolution to photosynthetic complexes. Considering several examples, such as energy transfer in photosynthetic antennas and electron transfer in reaction centers and even more intact structures, we show that the acquisition of ultrafast time resolved mid-IR spectra has led to new insights into the photo-dynamics of the considered systems and allows establishing a direct link between dynamics and structure, further strengthened by the possibility of investigating the protein response signal to the energy or electron transfer processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Vibrational spectroscopies and bioenergetic systems.
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18
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Knorr J, Rudolf P, Nuernberger P. A comparative study on chirped-pulse upconversion and direct multichannel MCT detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:30693-30706. [PMID: 24514645 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study is carried out on two spectroscopic techniques employed to detect ultrafast absorption changes in the mid-infrared spectral range, namely direct multichannel detection via HgCdTe (MCT) photodiode arrays and the newly established technique of chirped-pulse up-conversion (CPU). Whereas both methods are meanwhile individually used in a routine manner, we directly juxtapose their applicability in femtosecond pump-probe experiments based on 1 kHz shot-to-shot data acquisition. Additionally, we examine different phase-matching conditions in the CPU scheme for a given mid-infrared spectrum, thereby simultaneously detecting signals which are separated by more than 200 cm(-1).
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19
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Stingel AM, Calabrese C, Petersen PB. Strong intermolecular vibrational coupling through cyclic hydrogen-bonded structures revealed by ultrafast continuum mid-IR spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:15714-9. [PMID: 24015677 DOI: 10.1021/jp406441r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic hydrogen-bonded structures are common motifs in biological systems, providing structural stability and mediating proton transfer for redox reactions. The mechanism of proton transfer across hydrogen-bonded interfaces depends on the strength of the intermolecular coupling between bridging OH/NH vibrational modes. Here we present a novel ultrafast continuum mid-IR spectroscopy experiment to study the vibrational dynamics of the 7-azaindole-acetic acid (7AI-Ac) heterodimer as a model system for asymmetric cyclic hydrogen-bonded structures. In addition to spreading of the excitation across the whole OH band within the time resolution of the experiment, excitation of a 300 cm(-1) region of the ∼1000 cm(-1) broad OH stretching mode of the acetic acid monomer leads to a frequency shift in the NH stretching mode of the 7AI monomer. This indicates that the NH and OH stretching modes located on the two monomers are strongly coupled despite being separated by 750 cm(-1). The strong coupling further causes the OH and NH bands to decay with a common decay time of ∼2.5 ps. This intermolecular coupling is mediated through the hydrogen-bonded structure of the 7AI-Ac heterodimer and is likely a general property of cyclic hydrogen-bonded structures. Characterizing the vibrational dynamics of and the coupling between the high-frequency OH/NH modes will be important for understanding proton transfer across such molecular interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Stingel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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20
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Nomura Y, Wang YT, Kozai T, Shirai H, Yabushita A, Luo CW, Nakanishi S, Fuji T. Single-shot detection of mid-infrared spectra by chirped-pulse upconversion with four-wave difference frequency generation in gases. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:18249-18254. [PMID: 23938695 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.018249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-shot detection of ultrabroadband mid-infrared spectra was demonstrated by using chirped-pulse upconversion technique with four-wave difference frequency generation in gases. Thanks to the low dispersion of the gas media, the bandwidth of the phase matching condition of the upconversion process becomes very broad and the entire mid-infrared spectrum spanning from 200 to 5500 cm(-1) was upconverted by using a 10 ps chirped pulse to visible wavelength radiation, which was detected with a conventional visible dispersive spectrometer. This method was demonstrated by the successful measurement of infrared absorption spectra of organic polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nomura
- Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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21
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De Marco L, Ramasesha K, Tokmakoff A. Experimental evidence of Fermi resonances in isotopically dilute water from ultrafast broadband IR spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:15319-27. [PMID: 23638966 DOI: 10.1021/jp4034613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The vibrational dynamics of liquid water, which result from a complex interplay between internal molecular vibrations and the fluctuating hydrogen bond network, are fundamental to many physicochemical and biological processes. Using a new ultrafast broadband mid-infrared light source with over 2000 cm(-1) of bandwidth, we performed ultrafast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy to study the vibrational couplings and relaxation dynamics of the stretching and bending vibrations of the mixed isotopologue, HOD, in D2O. Analysis of cross-peaks and induced absorptions in the two-dimensional infrared spectrum and transient absorption spectrum shows that the hydroxyl stretch of HOD is coupled to the HOD bending mode via Fermi resonance, with a 70° angle between their transition dipole moments. We see that HOD is also anharmonically coupled to the D2O solvent modes. From transient absorption spectra, we conclude that vibrational relaxation occurs through a number of paths. The strongly hydrogen-bonded OH oscillators have the highest propensity to relax through the bending mode, while the weakly hydrogen bonded oscillators relax through other modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi De Marco
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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22
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Chen H, Bian H, Li J, Wen X, Zheng J. Relative Intermolecular Orientation Probed via Molecular Heat Transport. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:6052-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312604v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hongtao Bian
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jiebo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xiewen Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Junrong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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23
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Generation of Phase-Stable Sub-Cycle Mid-Infrared Pulses from Filamentation in Nitrogen. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/app3010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang X, Nakajima T, Zen H, Kii T, Ohgaki H. Single-shot spectra of temporally selected micropulses from a mid-infrared free-electron laser by upconversion. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:5148-5150. [PMID: 23258034 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.005148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the measurement of single-shot spectra of temporally selected micropulses from a mid-infrared free-electron laser (FEL) by upconversion. We achieve the upconversion of FEL pulses at 11 μm using externally synchronized Nd:YAG or microchip laser pulses at 1064 nm to produce sum-frequency mixing signals at 970 nm, which are detected by a compact CCD spectrometer without an intensifier. Our experimental system is very cost-effective, and allows us to obtain the laser spectra of selected micropulses at any temporal position within a single macropulse from an oscillator-type FEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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25
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Remorino A, Hochstrasser RM. Three-dimensional structures by two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:1896-905. [PMID: 22458539 PMCID: PMC3392492 DOI: 10.1021/ar3000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of experiments that can generate molecular movies of changing chemical structures is a major challenge for physical chemistry. But to realize this dream, we not only need to significantly improve existing approaches but also must invent new technologies. Most of the known protein structures have been determined by X-ray diffraction and to lesser extent by NMR. Though powerful, X-ray diffraction presents limitations for acquiring time-dependent structures. In the case of NMR, ultrafast equilibrium dynamics might be inferred from line shapes, but the structures of conformations interconverting on such time scales are not realizable. This Account highlights two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR), in particular the 2D vibrational echo, as an approach to time-resolved structure determination. We outline the use of the 2D IR method to completely determine the structure of a protein of the integrin family in a time window of few picoseconds. As a transmembrane protein, this class of structures has proved particularly challenging for the established structural methodologies of X-ray crystallography and NMR. We describe the challenges facing multidimensional spectroscopy and compare it with some other methods of structural biology. Then we succinctly discuss the basic principles of 2D IR methods as they relate to time domain and frequency domain experimental and theoretical properties required for protein structure determination. By means of the example of the transmembrane protein, we describe the essential aspects of combined carbon-13-oxygen-18 isotope labels to create vibrational resonance pairs that allow the determination of protein and peptide structures in motion. Finally, we propose a three-dimensional structure of the αIIb transmembrane homodimer that includes optimum locations of all side chains and backbone atoms of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Remorino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pa 19104
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26
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Neely TW, Nugent-Glandorf L, Adler F, Diddams SA. Broadband mid-infrared frequency upconversion and spectroscopy with an aperiodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:4332-4334. [PMID: 23073453 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.004332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We convert a mid-infrared frequency comb to near-infrared wavelengths through sum-frequency generation with a 1.064 μm CW laser in an aperiodically poled ZnO:LiNbO(3) waveguide. Upconversion of light in the range of 2.5-4.5 μm to 0.76-0.86 μm is demonstrated in a single device, and the efficiency of the conversion is measured across this bandwidth. We additionally characterize the spatial mode of the upconverted light. We then use this upconversion technique to detect and resolve individual lines from a methane gas sample with a common near-infrared optical spectrum analyzer. The stability of the spectrum of the upconverted light is analyzed with the goal of evaluating this technique for precise spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W Neely
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Time and Frequency Division, Mail Stop 847, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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27
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Anna JM, Baiz CR, Ross MR, McCanne R, Kubarych KJ. Ultrafast equilibrium and non-equilibrium chemical reaction dynamics probed with multidimensional infrared spectroscopy. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2012.716610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Cheng M, Reynolds A, Widgren H, Khalil M. Generation of tunable octave-spanning mid-infrared pulses by filamentation in gas media. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:1787-1789. [PMID: 22660029 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The continued development of femtosecond mid-infrared (IR) sources with ultrabroad spectral width is critical for probing and controlling complex molecular structural dynamics on an ultrafast timescale. We report on a sub-20 fs, coherent mid-IR source with an octave-spanning spectral bandwidth (>2000 cm(-1)) tunable from 2-8 micrometers (37.5-150 THz), with energy >0.4 μJ/pulse at 1 kHz. The mid-IR pulses are generated by four-wave mixing during the filamentation of intense 800 nm and 400 nm pulses in various gas media. Spectral tunability is achieved by the choice of gas, pressure and input 800 nm pulse energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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29
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Zhu J, Mathes T, Stahl AD, Kennis JTM, Groot ML. Ultrafast mid-infrared spectroscopy by chirped pulse upconversion in 1800-1000cm(-1) region. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:10562-10571. [PMID: 22565682 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.010562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Broadband femtosecond mid-infrared pulses can be converted into the visible spectral region by chirped pulse upconversion. We report here the upconversion of pump probe transient signals in the frequency region below 1800cm(-1), using the nonlinear optical crystal AgGaGeS4, realizing an important expansion of the application range of this method. Experiments were demonstrated with a slab of GaAs, in which the upconverted signals cover a window of 120cm(-1), with 1.5cm(-1) resolution. In experiments on the BLUF photoreceptor Slr1694, signals below 1 milliOD were well resolved after baseline correction. Possibilities for further optimization of the method are discussed. We conclude that this method is an attractive alternative for the traditional MCT arrays used in most mid-infrared pump probe experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Challa JR, Du Y, McCamant DW. Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy using a scanning multichannel technique. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 66:227-232. [PMID: 22449287 DOI: 10.1366/11-06457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A scanning multichannel technique (SMT) has been implemented in femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS). By combining several FSRS spectra detected at slightly different positions of the spectrograph via SMT, we have eliminated the systematic noise patterns ("fixed pattern noise") due to the variation in sensitivity and noise characteristics of the individual charge-coupled device (CCD) pixels. In nonresonant FSRS, solvent subtraction can effectively remove the systematic noise pattern even without SMT. However, in the case of resonant FSRS, we show that a similar solvent subtraction procedure is ineffective at removing the noise patterns without SMT. Application of SMT results in averaged FSRS spectra with improved signal-to-noise ratios that approach the shot-noise limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reddy Challa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Rd., Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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