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Yang J, Li Y, Yang Y, Xie X, Zhang Z, Yuan J, Cai H, Wang DW, Gao F. Realization of all-band-flat photonic lattices. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1484. [PMID: 38374147 PMCID: PMC10876559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Flatbands play an important role in correlated quantum matter and have promising applications in photonic lattices. Synthetic magnetic fields and destructive interference in lattices are traditionally used to obtain flatbands. However, such methods can only obtain a few flatbands with most bands remaining dispersive. Here we realize all-band-flat photonic lattices of an arbitrary size by precisely controlling the coupling strengths between lattice sites to mimic those in Fock-state lattices. This allows us to go beyond the perturbative regime of strain engineering and group all eigenmodes in flatbands, which simultaneously achieves high band flatness and large usable bandwidth. We map out the distribution of each flatband in the lattices and selectively excite the eigenmodes with different chiralities. Our method paves a way in controlling band structure and topology of photonic lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yuanzhen Li
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Xinrong Xie
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Jiale Yuan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Cai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.
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Morim DR, Meeks A, Shastri A, Tran A, Shneidman AV, Yashin VV, Mahmood F, Balazs AC, Aizenberg J, Saravanamuttu K. Opto-chemo-mechanical transduction in photoresponsive gels elicits switchable self-trapped beams with remote interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3953-3959. [PMID: 32029591 PMCID: PMC7049136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902872117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation photonics envisions circuitry-free, rapidly reconfigurable systems powered by solitonic beams of self-trapped light and their particlelike interactions. Progress, however, has been limited by the need for reversibly responsive materials that host such nonlinear optical waves. We find that repeatedly switchable self-trapped visible laser beams, which exhibit strong pairwise interactions, can be generated in a photoresponsive hydrogel. Through comprehensive experiments and simulations, we show that the unique nonlinear conditions arise when photoisomerization of spiropyran substituents in pH-responsive poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel transduces optical energy into mechanical deformation of the 3D cross-linked hydrogel matrix. A Gaussian beam self-traps when localized isomerization-induced contraction of the hydrogel and expulsion of water generates a transient waveguide, which entraps the optical field and suppresses divergence. The waveguide is erased and reformed within seconds when the optical field is sequentially removed and reintroduced, allowing the self-trapped beam to be rapidly and repeatedly switched on and off at remarkably low powers in the milliwatt regime. Furthermore, this opto-chemo-mechanical transduction of energy mediated by the 3D cross-linked hydrogel network facilitates pairwise interactions between self-trapped beams both in the short range where there is significant overlap of their optical fields, and even in the long range--over separation distances of up to 10 times the beam width--where such overlap is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Morim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Amos Meeks
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Ankita Shastri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Andy Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Anna V Shneidman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Victor V Yashin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Fariha Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Anna C Balazs
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Joanna Aizenberg
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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Efremidis NK, Mparkas M. Nonlinear imaging in photonic lattices. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:147-150. [PMID: 28059200 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We show that nonlinear imaging is possible in periodic waveguide configurations, provided that we use two different segments of nonlinear media with opposite signs of the Kerr nonlinearity with, in general, no other restriction about their magnitudes. The second medium is used to implement effective "reverse propagation." A main ingredient in achieving nonlinear imaging is the control of the sign and the amplitude of the coupling coefficient. We numerically test our results in one- and two-dimensional square arrangements of waveguides.
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Zong Y, Xia S, Tang L, Song D, Hu Y, Pei Y, Su J, Li Y, Chen Z. Observation of localized flat-band states in Kagome photonic lattices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:8877-8885. [PMID: 27137320 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.008877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experimental demonstration of localized flat-band states in optically induced Kagome photonic lattices. Such lattices exhibit a unique band structure with the lowest band being completely flat (diffractionless) in the tight-binding approximation. By taking the advantage of linear superposition of the flat-band eigenmodes of the Kagome lattices, we demonstrate a high-fidelity transmission of complex patterns in such two-dimensional pyrochlore-like photonic structures. Our numerical simulations find good agreement with experimental observations, upholding the belief that flat-band lattices can support distortion-free image transmission.
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Ni P, Zhang P, Qi X, Yang J, Chen Z, Man W. Light localization and nonlinear beam transmission in specular amorphous photonic lattices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:2420-2426. [PMID: 26906817 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.002420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate specular photonic "lattices" with random index variations at disordered positions of lattice sites. These amorphous lattice structures, optically induced in a bulk nonlinear crystal, remain invariant during propagation since they are constructed from random components residing on a fixed ring in momentum space. We observe linear spatial localization of a light beam when probing through different "defect" points in such specular lattices, as well as the nonlinear destruction of localized modes. In addition, we illustrate the possibility of image transmission through the disordered lattices, when a self-defocusing nonlinearity is employed.
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Parravicini J, Di Mei F, Conti C, Agranat AJ, DelRe E. Diffraction cancellation over multiple wavelengths in photorefractive dipolar glasses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:24109-24114. [PMID: 22109436 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.024109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the simultaneous diffraction cancellation for beams of different wavelengths in out-of-equilibrium dipolar glass. The effect is supported by the photorefractive diffusive nonlinearity and scale-free optics, and can find application in imaging and microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Parravicini
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Akylas TR, Hwang G, Yang J. From non-local gap solitary waves to bound states in periodic media. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2011.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Solitary waves in one-dimensional periodic media are discussed by employing the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a spatially periodic potential as a model. This equation admits two families of gap solitons that bifurcate from the edges of Bloch bands in the linear wave spectrum. These fundamental solitons may be positioned only at specific locations relative to the potential; otherwise, they become non-local owing to the presence of growing tails of exponentially small amplitude with respect to the wave peak amplitude. Here, by matching the tails of such non-local solitary waves, high-order locally confined gap solitons, or bound states, are constructed. Details are worked out for bound states comprising two non-local solitary waves in the presence of a sinusoidal potential. A countable set of bound-state families, characterized by the separation distance of the two solitary waves, is found, and each family features three distinct solution branches that bifurcate near Bloch-band edges at small, but finite, amplitude. Power curves associated with these solution branches are computed asymptotically for large solitary-wave separation, and the theoretical predictions are consistent with numerical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. R. Akylas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Guenbo Hwang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Jianke Yang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
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