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Steelman ZA, Ho DS, Chu KK, Wax A. Light scattering methods for tissue diagnosis. OPTICA 2019; 6:479-489. [PMID: 33043100 PMCID: PMC7544148 DOI: 10.1364/optica.6.000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering has become a common biomedical research tool, enabling diagnostic sensitivity to myriad tissue alterations associated with disease. Light-tissue interactions are particularly attractive for diagnostics due to the variety of contrast mechanisms that can be used, including spectral, angle-resolved, and Fourier-domain detection. Photonic diagnostic tools offer further benefit in that they are non-ionizing, non-invasive, and give real-time feedback. In this review, we summarize recent innovations in light scattering technologies, with a focus on clinical achievements over the previous ten years.
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Chen Y, Xie W, Glaser AK, Reder NP, Mao C, Dintzis SM, Vaughan JC, Liu JTC. Rapid pathology of lumpectomy margins with open-top light-sheet (OTLS) microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:1257-1272. [PMID: 30891344 PMCID: PMC6420271 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Open-top light-sheet microscopy is a technique that can potentially enable rapid ex vivo inspection of large tissue surfaces and volumes. Here, we have optimized an open-top light-sheet (OTLS) microscope and image-processing workflow for the comprehensive examination of surgical margin surfaces, and have also developed a novel fluorescent analog of H&E staining that is robust for staining fresh unfixed tissues. Our tissue-staining method can be achieved within 2.5 minutes followed by OTLS microscopy of lumpectomy surfaces at a rate of up to 1.5 cm2/minute. An image atlas is presented to show that OTLS image quality surpasses that of intraoperative frozen sectioning and can approximate that of gold-standard H&E histology of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Qualitative evidence indicates that these intraoperative methods do not interfere with downstream post-operative H&E histology and immunohistochemistry. These results should facilitate the translation of OTLS microscopy for intraoperative guidance of lumpectomy and other surgical oncology procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Weisi Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Adam K. Glaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Reder
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chenyi Mao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Dintzis
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joshua C. Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan T. C. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Yang F, Wang Q, Gu Z, Fang K, Marriott G, Gu N. Silver nanoparticle-embedded microbubble as a dual-mode ultrasound and optical imaging probe. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:9217-23. [PMID: 23988030 DOI: 10.1021/am4029747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles (MBs) coupled with nanoparticles represent a new class of multifunctional probe for multiscale biomedical imaging and drug delivery. In this study, we describe the development of multifunctional, microscale microbubble probes that are composed of a nitrogen gas core and a biocompatible polymer shell harboring silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Ultrasound imaging studies show that the presence of AgNPs in the MB significantly improves the contrast of ultrasound images. The AgNPs within individual MB can be also imaged by using dark-field microscopy (DFM), which suggests that AgNPs in the polymer shell adopt multiple structural forms. AgNPs are released from the polymer shell following a brief exposure to an ultrasonic field and are subsequently taken up by living cells. AgNPs within labeled cells are imaged by DFM, while surface-enhanced Raman scattering is used to identify specific cytoplasmic biomolecules that bind to the surface of the AgNP. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the application of multifunctional MBs for micrometer scale contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging, as vehicles for the ultrasound-based delivery of optical probes and drugs to cells, and for imaging of chemical sensing of individual nanopartiles within cells and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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Krishnaswamy V, Laughney AM, Wells WA, Paulsen KD, Pogue BW. Scanning in situ spectroscopy platform for imaging surgical breast tissue specimens. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:2185-94. [PMID: 23389199 PMCID: PMC3601741 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.002185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A non-contact localized spectroscopic imaging platform has been developed and optimized to scan 1 x 1 cm² square regions of surgically resected breast tissue specimens with ~150-micron resolution. A color corrected, image-space telecentric scanning design maintained a consistent sampling geometry and uniform spot size across the entire imaging field. Theoretical modeling in ZEMAX allowed estimation of the spot size, which is equal at both the center and extreme positions of the field with ~5% variation across the designed waveband, indicating excellent color correction. The spot sizes at the center and an extreme field position were also measured experimentally using the standard knife-edge technique and were found to be within ~8% of the theoretical predictions. Highly localized sampling offered inherent insensitivity to variations in background absorption allowing direct imaging of local scattering parameters, which was validated using a matrix of varying concentrations of Intralipid and blood in phantoms. Four representative, pathologically distinct lumpectomy tissue specimens were imaged, capturing natural variations in tissue scattering response within a given pathology. Variations as high as 60% were observed in the average reflectance and relative scattering power images, which must be taken into account for robust classification performance. Despite this variation, the preliminary data indicates discernible scatter power contrast between the benign vs malignant groups, but reliable discrimination of pathologies within these groups would require investigation into additional contrast mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley M. Laughney
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755,
USA
| | - Wendy A. Wells
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755,
USA
| | - Keith D. Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755,
USA
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755,
USA
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Laughney AM, Krishnaswamy V, Rizzo EJ, Schwab MC, Barth RJ, Pogue BW, Paulsen KD, Wells WA. Scatter spectroscopic imaging distinguishes between breast pathologies in tissues relevant to surgical margin assessment. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:6315-25. [PMID: 22908098 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A new approach to spectroscopic imaging was developed to detect and discriminate microscopic pathologies in resected breast tissues; diagnostic performance of the prototype system was tested in 27 tissues procured during breast conservative surgery. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A custom-built, scanning in situ spectroscopy platform sampled broadband reflectance from a 150-μm-diameter spot over a 1 × 1 cm(2) field using a dark field geometry and telecentric lens; the system was designed to balance sensitivity to cellular morphology and imaging the inherent diversity within tissue subtypes. Nearly 300,000 broadband spectra were parameterized using light scattering models and spatially dependent spectral signatures were interpreted using a cooccurrence matrix representation of image texture. RESULTS Local scattering changes distinguished benign from malignant pathologies with 94% accuracy, 93% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 93% positive and 95% negative predictive values using a threshold-based classifier. Texture and shape features were important to optimally discriminate benign from malignant tissues, including pixel-to-pixel correlation, contrast and homogeneity, and the shape features of fractal dimension and Euler number. Analysis of the region-based diagnostic performance showed that spectroscopic image features from 1 × 1 mm(2) areas were diagnostically discriminant and enabled quantification of within-class tissue heterogeneities. CONCLUSIONS Localized scatter-imaging signatures detected by the scanning spectroscopy platform readily distinguished benign from malignant pathologies in surgical tissues and showed new spectral-spatial signatures of clinical breast pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Laughney
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College Hanover, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
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Kanick SC, Krishnaswamy V, Gamm UA, Sterenborg HJCM, Robinson DJ, Amelink A, Pogue BW. Scattering phase function spectrum makes reflectance spectrum measured from Intralipid phantoms and tissue sensitive to the device detection geometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:1086-100. [PMID: 22567598 PMCID: PMC3342184 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reflectance spectra measured in Intralipid (IL) close to the source are sensitive to wavelength-dependent changes in reduced scattering coefficient ([Formula: see text]) and scattering phase function (PF). Experiments and simulations were performed using device designs with either single or separate optical fibers for delivery and collection of light in varying concentrations of IL. Spectral reflectance is not consistently linear with varying IL concentration, with PF-dependent effects observed for single fiber devices with diameters smaller than ten transport lengths and for separate source-detector devices that collected light at less than half of a transport length from the source. Similar effects are thought to be seen in tissue, limiting the ability to quantitatively compare spectra from different devices without compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Kanick
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - V. Krishnaswamy
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - U. A. Gamm
- Center of Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Center of Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. J. Robinson
- Center of Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Amelink
- Center of Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. W. Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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