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Chen S, Ke S, Zhao D, Ye J, Wang Y, Liu W, Huang K, Wang B, Lu P. On-Chip Photonic Localization in Aharonov-Bohm Cages Composed of Microring Lattices. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38593087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Flatband localization endowed with robustness holds great promise for disorder-immune light transport, particularly in the advancement of optical communication and signal processing. However, effectively harnessing these principles for practical applications in nanophotonic devices remains a significant challenge. Herein, we delve into the investigation of on-chip photonic localization in AB cages composed of indirectly coupled microring lattices. By strategically vertically shifting the auxiliary rings, we successfully introduce a magnetic flux of π into the microring lattice, thereby facilitating versatile control over the localization and delocalization of light. Remarkably, the compact edge modes of this structure exhibit intriguing topological properties, rendering them strongly robust against disorders, regardless of the size of the system. Our findings open up new avenues for exploring the interaction between flatbands and topological photonics on integrated platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaolin Ke
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430025, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianghua Ye
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430025, China
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2
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Jiang C, Song Y, Li X, Lu P, Ke S. Photonic Möbius topological insulator from projective symmetry in multiorbital waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2337-2340. [PMID: 37126268 DOI: 10.1364/ol.488210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The gauge fields dramatically alter the algebraic structure of spatial symmetries and make them projectively represented, giving rise to novel topological phases. Here, we propose a photonic Möbius topological insulator enabled by projective translation symmetry in multiorbital waveguide arrays, where the artificial π gauge flux is aroused by the inter-orbital coupling between the first (s) and third (d) order modes. In the presence of π flux, the two translation symmetries of rectangular lattices anti-commute with each other. By tuning the spatial spacing between two waveguides to break the translation symmetry, a topological insulator is created with two Möbius twisted edge bands appearing in the bandgap and featuring 4π periodicity. Importantly, the Möbius twists are accompanied by discrete diffraction in beam propagation, which exhibit directional transport by tuning the initial phase of the beam envelope according to the eigenvalues of translation operators. This work manifests the significance of gauge fields in topology and provides an efficient approach to steering the direction of beam transmission.
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3
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Hu Y, Jia WZ, Yan CH. Single-photon switches, beam splitters, and circulators based on the photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:11142-11155. [PMID: 37155756 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon devices such as switches, beam splitters, and circulators are fundamental components to construct photonic integrated quantum networks. In this paper, two V-type three-level atoms coupled to a waveguide are proposed to simultaneously realize these functions as a multifunctional and reconfigurable single-photon device. When both the two atoms are driven by the external coherent fields, the difference in the phases of the coherent driving induces the photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect. Based on the photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect and setting the two-atom distance to match the constructive or destructive interference conditions among photons travelling along different paths, a single-photon switch is achieved since the incident single photon can be controlled from complete transmission to complete reflection by adjusting the amplitudes and phases of the driving fields. When properly changing the amplitudes and phases of the driving fields, the incident photons are split equally into multiple components as a beam splitter operated with different frequencies. Meanwhile, the single-photon circulator with reconfigurable circulation directions can also be obtained.
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4
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Sheng C, Wang Y, Chang Y, Wang H, Lu Y, Yang Y, Zhu S, Jin X, Liu H. Bound vortex light in an emulated topological defect in photonic lattices. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:243. [PMID: 35915073 PMCID: PMC9343378 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Topology have prevailed in a variety of branches of physics. And topological defects in cosmology are speculated akin to dislocation or disclination in solids or liquid crystals. With the development of classical and quantum simulation, such speculative topological defects are well-emulated in a variety of condensed matter systems. Especially, the underlying theoretical foundations can be extensively applied to realize novel optical applications. Here, with the aid of transformation optics, we experimentally demonstrated bound vortex light on optical chips by simulating gauge fields of topological linear defects in cosmology through position-dependent coupling coefficients in a deformed photonic graphene. Furthermore, these types of photonic lattices inspired by topological linear defects can simultaneously generate and transport optical vortices, and even can control the orbital angular momentum of photons on integrated optical chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Sheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yijun Chang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongheng Lu
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yingyue Yang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Xianmin Jin
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
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5
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Cáceres-Aravena G, Guzmán-Silva D, Salinas I, Vicencio RA. Controlled Transport Based on Multiorbital Aharonov-Bohm Photonic Caging. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:256602. [PMID: 35802455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.256602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The induction of synthetic magnetic fields on lattice structures allows an effective control of their localization and transport properties. In this Letter, we generate effective π magnetic fluxes on a multiorbital diamond lattice, where first-order (S) and second-order (P) modes effectively interact. We implement a z-scan method on femtosecond-laser-written photonic lattices and experimentally observe Aharonov-Bohm caging for S and P modes, as a consequence of a band transformation and the emergence of a spectrum composed of three degenerated flat bands. As an application, we demonstrate a perfect control of the dynamics, where we translate an input excitation across the lattice in a completely linear and controlled way. Our model, based on a flat band spectrum, allows us to choose the direction of transport depending on the excitation site or input phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cáceres-Aravena
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile and Millennium Institute for Research in Optics-MIRO, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Diego Guzmán-Silva
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile and Millennium Institute for Research in Optics-MIRO, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Ignacio Salinas
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile and Millennium Institute for Research in Optics-MIRO, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Vicencio
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile and Millennium Institute for Research in Optics-MIRO, Universidad de Chile, Chile
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6
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Jiao ZQ, Longhi S, Wang XW, Gao J, Zhou WH, Wang Y, Fu YX, Wang L, Ren RJ, Qiao LF, Jin XM. Experimentally Detecting Quantized Zak Phases without Chiral Symmetry in Photonic Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:147401. [PMID: 34652196 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.147401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Symmetries play a major role in identifying topological phases of matter and in establishing a direct connection between protected edge states and topological bulk invariants via the bulk-boundary correspondence. One-dimensional lattices are deemed to be protected by chiral symmetry, exhibiting quantized Zak phases and protected edge states, but not for all cases. Here, we experimentally realize an extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with broken chiral symmetry by engineering one-dimensional zigzag photonic lattices, where the long-range hopping breaks chiral symmetry but ensures the existence of inversion symmetry. By the averaged mean displacement method, we detect topological invariants directly in the bulk through the continuous-time quantum walk of photons. Our results demonstrate that inversion symmetry protects the quantized Zak phase but edge states can disappear in the topological nontrivial phase, thus breaking the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence. Our photonic lattice provides a useful platform to study the interplay among topological phases, symmetries, and the bulk-boundary correspondence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Jiao
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Stefano Longhi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Fu
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ruo-Jing Ren
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lu-Feng Qiao
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xian-Min Jin
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- TuringQ Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
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7
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Ding L, Lin Z, Ke S, Wang B, Lu P. Non-Hermitian flat bands in rhombic microring resonator arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:24373-24386. [PMID: 34614684 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the flat bands in a quasi-one-dimensional rhombic array composed of evanescently coupled microring resonators (MRRs) with non-Hermitian coupling. By changing the relative position of non-Hermitian coupling in each cell, we construct topologically trivial and nontrivial flat bands, where both the real and imaginary parts of energy bands become flat and coalesce into a single band. We show the nontrivial systems are able to support topological boundary modes isolated from the flat bulk bands although there is no band gap. The elusive topology of flat bands can be geometrically visualized by plotting the trajectories of their eigenvectors on Bloch sphere based on Majorana's stellar representation (MSR). Furthermore, we perform a full wave simulation and show the characteristics of flat bands, associated compact localized modes, and boundary modes are reflected from absorption spectra and field intensity profiles. The study may find potential applications in lasers, narrowband filters, and efficient light harvesting.
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8
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Longhi S. Inverse Anderson transition in photonic cages. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:2872-2875. [PMID: 34129562 DOI: 10.1364/ol.430196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transport inhibition via Anderson localization is ubiquitous in disordered periodic lattices. However, in crystals displaying only flatbands, disorder can lift macroscopic band flattening, removing geometric localization and enabling transport in certain conditions. Such a striking phenomenon, dubbed inverse Anderson transition and predicted for three-dimensional flatband systems, has thus far not been directly observed. Here we suggest a simple quasi one-dimensional photonic flatband system, namely, an Aharonov-Bohm photonic cage, in which correlated binary disorder induces an inverse Anderson transition and ballistic transport.
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9
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Jörg C, Queraltó G, Kremer M, Pelegrí G, Schulz J, Szameit A, von Freymann G, Mompart J, Ahufinger V. Artificial gauge field switching using orbital angular momentum modes in optical waveguides. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:150. [PMID: 32904419 PMCID: PMC7455748 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of artificial gauge fields controlling the dynamics of uncharged particles that otherwise elude the influence of standard electromagnetic fields has revolutionised the field of quantum simulation. Hence, developing new techniques to induce these fields is essential to boost quantum simulation of photonic structures. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of an artificial gauge field in a photonic lattice by modifying the topological charge of a light beam, overcoming the need to modify the geometry along the evolution or impose external fields. In particular, we show that an effective magnetic flux naturally appears when a light beam carrying orbital angular momentum is injected into a waveguide lattice with a diamond chain configuration. To demonstrate the existence of this flux, we measure an effect that derives solely from the presence of a magnetic flux, the Aharonov-Bohm caging effect, which is a localisation phenomenon of wavepackets due to destructive interference. Therefore, we prove the possibility of switching on and off artificial gauge fields just by changing the topological charge of the input state, paving the way to accessing different topological regimes in a single structure, which represents an important step forward for optical quantum simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jörg
- Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gerard Queraltó
- Departament de Física, Universitat Auto’noma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mark Kremer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Gerard Pelegrí
- Departament de Física, Universitat Auto’noma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG UK
| | - Julian Schulz
- Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Alexander Szameit
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg von Freymann
- Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jordi Mompart
- Departament de Física, Universitat Auto’noma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Verònica Ahufinger
- Departament de Física, Universitat Auto’noma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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10
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A square-root topological insulator with non-quantized indices realized with photonic Aharonov-Bohm cages. Nat Commun 2020; 11:907. [PMID: 32060268 PMCID: PMC7021779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Topological Insulators are a novel state of matter where spectral bands are characterized by quantized topological invariants. This unique quantized nonlocal property commonly manifests through exotic bulk phenomena and corresponding robust boundary effects. In our work we study a system where the spectral bands are associated with non-quantized indices, but nevertheless possess robust boundary states. We present a theoretical analysis, where we show that the square of the Hamiltonian exhibits quantized indices. The findings are experimentally demonstrated by using photonic Aharonov-Bohm cages.
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11
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Du L, Zhang Y, Wu JH. Controllable unidirectional transport and light trapping using a one-dimensional lattice with non-Hermitian coupling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1113. [PMID: 31980668 PMCID: PMC6981244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a one-dimensional tight-binding lattice with special non-Hermitian coupling, the imaginary part of which is modulated by an effective Peierls phase arising from the synthetic magnetic field. Such a non-Hermitian lattice supports robust unidirectional transport that is reflectionless and immune to defects; it thus can serve as a frequency-selectable light filter. To achieve more applications, we further construct two well-designed structures involving this lattice, namely a heterostructure and a sandwich structure. An optical diode can be realized using the heterostructure, while tunable light trapping and reversal can be realized through phase modulations on the sandwich structure. The results in this paper may not only open up a new path for unconventional light transport but also have potential applications for optical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
- Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Jin-Hui Wu
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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12
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Pankov AV, Vatnik ID, Churkin DV, Sukhorukov AA. Observation of localized modes at effective gauge field interface in synthetic mesh lattice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3464. [PMID: 30837564 PMCID: PMC6401141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We predict a generic mechanism of wave localization at an interface between uniform artificial gauge fields, arising due to propagation-dependent phase accumulation similar to Aharonov-Bohm phenomenon. We realize experimentally a synthetic mesh lattice with real-time control over the vector gauge field, and observe robust localization under a broad variation of gauge strength and direction, as well as structural lattice parameters. This suggests new possibilities for confining and guiding waves in diverse physical systems through the synthetic gauge fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem V Pankov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Ilya D Vatnik
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Churkin
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Andrey A Sukhorukov
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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13
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Longhi S. Photonic flat-band laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:287-290. [PMID: 30644882 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Flat-band photonic lattices, i.e., arrays of waveguides or resonators displaying a flat Bloch band, offer new routes for light trapping and distortion-free imaging. Here it is shown that flat-band lattices can show stable and cooperative laser emission when optical gain is supplied to the system, despite the large degree of degeneracy of flat-band supermodes. By considering a quasi one-dimensional rhombic lattice of coupled semiconductor microrings, selective pumping of the outer sublattices can induce cooperative lasing in a supermode of the flat band.
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14
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Jin L, Song Z. Incident Direction Independent Wave Propagation and Unidirectional Lasing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:073901. [PMID: 30169058 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.073901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose an incident direction independent wave propagation generated by properly assembling different unidirectional destructive interferences (UDIs), which is a consequence of the appropriate match between synthetic magnetic fluxes and the incident wave vector. Single-direction lasing at spectral singularity is feasible without introducing nonlinearity. UDI allows unidirectional lasing and unidirectional perfect absorption; when they are combined in a parity-time-symmetric manner, the spectral singularities vanish with bounded reflections and transmissions. Furthermore, the simultaneous unidirectional lasing and perfect absorption for incidences from opposite directions is created. Our findings provide insights into light control and may shed light on the explorations of desirable functionality in fundamental research and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Z Song
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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15
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Mukherjee S, Di Liberto M, Öhberg P, Thomson RR, Goldman N. Experimental Observation of Aharonov-Bohm Cages in Photonic Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:075502. [PMID: 30169066 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.075502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental realization of a uniform synthetic magnetic flux and the observation of Aharonov-Bohm cages in photonic lattices. Considering a rhombic array of optical waveguides, we engineer modulation-assisted tunneling processes that effectively produce nonzero magnetic flux per plaquette. This synthetic magnetic field for light can be tuned at will by varying the phase of the modulation. In the regime where half a flux quantum is realized in each plaquette, all the energy bands dramatically collapse into nondispersive (flat) bands and all eigenstates are completely localized. We demonstrate this Aharonov-Bohm caging by studying the propagation of light in the bulk of the photonic lattice. Besides, we explore the dynamics on the edge of the lattice and discuss how the corresponding edge states can be continuously connected to the topological edge states of the Creutz ladder. Our photonic lattice constitutes an appealing platform where the interplay between engineered gauge fields, frustration, localization, and topological properties can be finely studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebabrata Mukherjee
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Di Liberto
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, Campus Plaine, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrik Öhberg
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert R Thomson
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Goldman
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, Campus Plaine, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Javaherian C, Twamley J. Non-reciprocal energy transport in linear and ring dynamic quantum networks and width-patterned optical waveguide arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:25970-25979. [PMID: 29041259 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.025970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-reciprocal and uni-directional transport could efficiently transmit signals in integrated quantum and optical networks. It is shown that the time-dependent modulation of the position of quantum nodes would efficiently and non-reciprocally guide an initially injected quantum energy. Moreover, the initial energy could be trapped within a ring configuration of such dynamically controlled quantum nodes. It is also shown that parallel waveguide arrays with specific widths pattern could uni-directly transfer a Gaussian beam across the arrays. By arranging the parallel waveguides on a cylindrical shell with a new widths pattern, the chiral transport of an incident Gaussian beam is also achieved.
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17
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Mukherjee S, Thomson RR. Observation of robust flat-band localization in driven photonic rhombic lattices. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2243-2246. [PMID: 28614322 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a flat-band state in a quasi-one-dimensional rhombic lattice is robust in the presence of external drivings along the lattice axis. The lattice was formed by periodic arrays of evanescently coupled optical waveguides, and the external drivings were realized by modulating the paths of the waveguides. We excited a superposition of flat-band eigenmodes at the input and observed that this state does not diffract in the presence of static, as well as high-frequency sinusoidal drivings. This robust localization is due to destructive interference of the analogous wavefunction and is associated with the symmetry in the lattice geometry. We then excited the dispersive bands and observed Bloch oscillations and coherent destruction of tunneling.
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18
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Keil R, Poli C, Heinrich M, Arkinstall J, Weihs G, Schomerus H, Szameit A. Universal Sign Control of Coupling in Tight-Binding Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:213901. [PMID: 27284657 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.213901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a method of locally inverting the sign of the coupling term in tight-binding systems, by means of inserting a judiciously designed ancillary site and eigenmode matching of the resulting vertex triplet. Our technique can be universally applied to all lattice configurations, as long as the individual sites can be detuned. We experimentally verify this method in laser-written photonic lattices and confirm both the magnitude and the sign of the coupling by interferometric measurements. Based on these findings, we demonstrate how such universal sign-flipped coupling links can be embedded into extended lattice structures to impose a Z_{2}-gauge transformation. This opens a new avenue for investigations on topological effects arising from magnetic fields with aperiodic flux patterns or in disordered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Keil
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Charles Poli
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Heinrich
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jake Arkinstall
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Weihs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Henning Schomerus
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Szameit
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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19
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Jin L, Zhang XZ, Zhang G, Song Z. Reciprocal and unidirectional scattering of parity-time symmetric structures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20976. [PMID: 26876806 PMCID: PMC4753482 DOI: 10.1038/srep20976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parity-time (PT) symmetry is of great interest. The reciprocal and unidirectional features are intriguing besides the (PT) symmetry phase transition. Recently, the reciprocal transmission, unidirectional reflectionless and invisibility are intensively studied. Here, we show the reciprocal reflection/transmission in (PT)-symmetric system is closely related to the type of (PT) symmetry, that is, the axial (reflection) (PT) symmetry leads to reciprocal reflection (transmission). The results are further elucidated by studying the scattering of rhombic ring form coupled resonators with enclosed synthetic magnetic flux. The nonreciprocal phase shift induced by the magnetic flux and gain/loss break the parity (P) and time-reversal (T) symmetry but keep the parity-time (PT) symmetry. The reciprocal reflection (transmission) and unidirectional transmission (reflection) are found in the axial (reflection) (PT)-symmetric ring centre. The explorations of symmetry and asymmetry from (PT) symmetry may shed light on novel one-way optical devices and application of (PT)-symmetric metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- Nankai University, School of Physics, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - X Z Zhang
- Tianjin Normal University, College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - G Zhang
- Nankai University, School of Physics, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Z Song
- Nankai University, School of Physics, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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Mukherjee S, Thomson RR. Observation of localized flat-band modes in a quasi-one-dimensional photonic rhombic lattice. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:5443-5446. [PMID: 26625021 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.005443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the photonic realization of a dispersionless flat band in a quasi-one-dimensional photonic lattice fabricated by ultrafast laser inscription. In the nearest neighbor tight binding approximation, the lattice supports two dispersive and one nondispersive (flat) band. We experimentally excite superpositions of flat-band eigenmodes at the input of the photonic lattice and show the diffractionless propagation of the input states due to their infinite effective mass. In the future, the use of photonic rhombic lattices, together with the successful implementation of a synthetic gauge field, will enable the observation of Aharonov-Bohm photonic caging.
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Deng F, Li Y, Sun Y, Wang X, Guo Z, Shi Y, Jiang H, Chang K, Chen H. Valley-dependent beams controlled by pseudomagnetic field in distorted photonic graphene. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3380-3383. [PMID: 26176474 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The generation and control of valley pseudospin currents are the core of valleytronics. Here, the photonic analogy for generation and control of valley pseudospin currents using the pseudomagnetic fields induced in strained graphene is investigated in a microwave regime. In photonic graphene with uniaxial distortion, photons in two different valleys experience pseudomagnetic fields with opposite signs, and valley-dependent propagations in bended paths are observed. The external-field-free photonic transportation behavior may be very useful in controlling the flow of light in future valley-polarized devices.
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Longhi S. Synthetic gauge fields for light beams in optical resonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:2941-2944. [PMID: 26125337 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A method to realize artificial magnetic fields for light waves trapped in passive optical cavities with anamorphic optical elements is theoretically proposed. In particular, when a homogeneous magnetic field is realized, a highly degenerate Landau-level structure for the frequency spectrum of the transverse resonator modes is obtained, corresponding to a cyclotron motion of the optical-cavity field. This can be probed by transient excitation of the passive optical resonator.
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Longhi S. Non-reciprocal transmission in photonic lattices based on unidirectional coherent perfect absorption. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1278-1281. [PMID: 25831312 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A method for realizing asymmetric (one-way) transmission of discretized light in modulated, linear, and purely passive optical lattices is suggested, which exploits the idea of unidirectional coherent perfect absorption. The system consists of a linear photonic lattice of coupled resonators or waveguides, side coupled to a chain of lossy elements, in which light can avoid the occupation of the dissipative sites when propagating in one way, but not in the opposite one. Non-reciprocity requires modulation of the resonator/waveguide parameters, realizing a dissipative optical Aharonov-Bohm diode with non-reciprocal behavior.
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