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Roberts K, Wolley O, Gregory T, Padgett MJ. A comparison between the measurement of quantum spatial correlations using qCMOS photon-number resolving and electron multiplying CCD camera technologies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14687. [PMID: 38918443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cameras with single-photon sensitivities can be used to measure the spatial correlations between the photon-pairs that are produced by parametric down-conversion. Even when pumped by a single-mode laser, the signal and idler photons are typically distributed over several thousand spatial modes yet strongly correlated with each other in their position and anti-correlated in their transverse momentum. These spatial correlations enable applications in imaging, sensing, communication, and optical processing. Here we show that, using a photon-number resolving camera, spatial correlations can be observed after only a few 10s of seconds of measurement time, thereby demonstrating comparable performance with previous single photon sensitive camera technologies but with the additional capability to resolve photon-number. Consequently, these photon-number resolving technologies are likely to find wide use in quantum, low-light, imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Roberts
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - O Wolley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - T Gregory
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M J Padgett
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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2
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Zheng Y, Zhai C, Liu D, Mao J, Chen X, Dai T, Huang J, Bao J, Fu Z, Tong Y, Zhou X, Yang Y, Tang B, Li Z, Li Y, Gong Q, Tsang HK, Dai D, Wang J. Multichip multidimensional quantum networks with entanglement retrievability. Science 2023; 381:221-226. [PMID: 37440652 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg9210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum networks provide the framework for quantum communication, clock synchronization, distributed quantum computing, and sensing. Implementing large-scale and practical quantum networks relies on the development of scalable architecture and integrated hardware that can coherently interconnect many remote quantum nodes by sharing multidimensional entanglement through complex-medium quantum channels. We demonstrate a multichip multidimensional quantum entanglement network based on mass-manufacturable integrated-nanophotonic quantum node chips fabricated on a silicon wafer by means of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processes. Using hybrid multiplexing, we show that multiple multidimensional entangled states can be distributed across multiple chips connected by few-mode fibers. We developed a technique that can efficiently retrieve multidimensional entanglement in complex-medium quantum channels, which is important for practical uses. Our work demonstrates the enabling capabilities of realizing large-scale practical chip-based quantum entanglement networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chonghao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dajian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Ningbo Research Institute, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Intelligent Optics and Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Jun Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaojiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianxiang Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jieshan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jueming Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaorong Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yeyu Tong
- Microelectronics Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China
| | - Xuetong Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hon Ki Tsang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Daoxin Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Ningbo Research Institute, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Intelligent Optics and Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
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Baek C, Bae J, Park J, Moon HS. Quantum interference of multidimensional quantum states via space-division multiplexing of a long-coherent single photon from a warm 87Rb atomic ensemble. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:43534-43542. [PMID: 36523049 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The high-dimensional encoding of single photons can offer various possibilities for enhancing quantum information processing. This work experimentally demonstrates the quantum interference of an engineered multidimensional quantum state through the space-division multiplexing of a heralded single-photon state with a spatial light modulator (SLM) and spatial-mode mixing of a single photon through a long multimode fiber (MMF). In our experiment, the heralded single photon generated from a warm 87Rb atomic ensemble was bright, robust, and long-coherent. The multidimensional spatial quantum state of the long-coherent single photon was transported through a 4-m-long MMF and arbitrarily controlled using the SLM. We observed the quantum interference of a single-photon multidimensional spatial quantum state with a visibility of >95%. These results may have potential applications in quantum information processing, for example, in photonic variational quantum eigensolve with high-dimensional single photons and realizing high information capacity per photon for quantum communication.
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Lib O, Hasson G, Bromberg Y. Real-time shaping of entangled photons by classical control and feedback. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/37/eabb6298. [PMID: 32917683 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantum technologies hold great promise for revolutionizing photonic applications such as cryptography. Yet, their implementation in real-world scenarios is challenging, mostly because of sensitivity of quantum correlations to scattering. Recent developments in optimizing the shape of single photons introduce new ways to control entangled photons. Nevertheless, shaping single photons in real time remains a challenge due to the weak associated signals, which are too noisy for optimization processes. Here, we overcome this challenge and control scattering of entangled photons by shaping the classical laser beam that stimulates their creation. We discover that because the classical beam and the entangled photons follow the same path, the strong classical signal can be used for optimizing the weak quantum signal. We show that this approach can increase the length of free-space turbulent quantum links by up to two orders of magnitude, opening the door for using wavefront shaping for quantum communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Lib
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Giora Hasson
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Yaron Bromberg
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
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Starshynov I, Bertolotti J, Anders J. Quantum correlation of light scattered by disordered media. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:4662-4671. [PMID: 29092295 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.004662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study theoretically how multiple scattering of light in a disordered medium can spontaneously generate quantum correlations. In particular we focus on the case where the input state is Gaussian and characterize the correlations between two arbitrary output modes. As there is not a single all-inclusive measure of correlation, we characterise the output correlations with three measures: intensity fluctuations, entanglement, and quantum discord. We find that, while a coherent input state can not produce quantum correlations, any other Gaussian input will produce them in one form or another. This includes input states that are usually regarded as more classical than coherent ones, such as thermal states, which will produce a non-zero quantum discord.
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Defienne H, Barbieri M, Walmsley IA, Smith BJ, Gigan S. Two-photon quantum walk in a multimode fiber. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501054. [PMID: 27152325 PMCID: PMC4846436 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton propagation in connected structures-a quantum walk-offers the potential of simulating complex physical systems and provides a route to universal quantum computation. Increasing the complexity of quantum photonic networks where the walk occurs is essential for many applications. We implement a quantum walk of indistinguishable photon pairs in a multimode fiber supporting 380 modes. Using wavefront shaping, we control the propagation of the two-photon state through the fiber in which all modes are coupled. Excitation of arbitrary output modes of the system is realized by controlling classical and quantum interferences. This report demonstrates a highly multimode platform for multiphoton interference experiments and provides a powerful method to program a general high-dimensional multiport optical circuit. This work paves the way for the next generation of photonic devices for quantum simulation, computing, and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Defienne
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Marco Barbieri
- Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Ian A. Walmsley
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU Oxford, UK
| | - Brian J. Smith
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU Oxford, UK
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
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