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Wu Y, Zhang N, Lu X, Li Z, Chen Y, Gong R, Huang S, Wang Q, Yao J. Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Isotopes with Air-Lasing-Based Coherent Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2944-2950. [PMID: 38452256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Isotope detection is crucial for geological research, medical diagnostics, industrial production, and environmental monitoring. Various spectroscopic techniques are continually emerging for isotopic identification and accurate measurement. Herein, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) spectroscopy is developed for the quantitative detection of carbon dioxide isotopes, in which the N2+ air lasing coherently created in the interaction region is used as the probe. Benefiting from the narrow spectral width of air lasing, the Raman peaks of 12CO2 and 13CO2 can be well discerned, although their spectra partially overlap. The overlapped signals were proven to be the result of the coherent superposition of individual Raman signals. Based on that fact, a deconvolution algorithm was designed to retrieve the concentration ratio of the two isotopes. The relative error of the measurement is less than 6%. The CRS technique based on air lasing offers a potential approach for the quantitative characterization of molecular isotopes, especially in application scenarios of remote sensing or in situ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zelong Li
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Rongyu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shunlin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Quanjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jinping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Cao J, Fu Y, Wang T, Li H, Xu H. Air-laser-based coherent Raman spectroscopy of atmospheric molecules in a filamentary plasma grating. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4308-4311. [PMID: 37582019 DOI: 10.1364/ol.496658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Coherent Raman spectroscopy (CRS) with air-laser-based hybrid femtosecond/picosecond (fs/ps) pulses has shown promising potential for remote detection and surveillance of atmospheric species with high temporal and frequency resolution. Here, to enhance the sensitivity and extend the detection distance, we generate the CRS spectra of air molecules in situ in a filamentary plasma grating, and show that the grating can efficiently enhance the intensities of the coherent vibrational Raman lines of N2, O2, and N2 + by 2-3 orders of magnitude at an extended distance. By examining the intensities of the Raman lines, fs-pulsed supercontinuum, and ps-pulsed air laser produced under different grating conditions, we reveal that the optimization of the Raman lines is achieved by the dynamic balance between the supercontinuum-induced vibrational coherence and air-laser-induced polarization of the air species.
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Liu H, Xie H, Li G, Lei H, Zhang Q, Chen Z, Li Z, Wu S, Huang Y, Zhao Z. Destructive interference in N 2+ lasing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:17609-17618. [PMID: 37381490 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We report an unexpected experimental observation in rotation-resolved N2+ lasing that the R-branch lasing intensity from a single rotational state in the vicinity of 391 nm can be greatly stronger than the P-branch lasing intensity summing over the total rotational states at suitable pressures. According to a combined measurement of the dependence of the rotation-resolved lasing intensity on the pump-probe delay and the rotation-resolved polarization, we speculate that the destructive interference can be induced for the spectrally-indistinguishable P-branch lasing due to the propagation effect while the R-branch lasing is little affected due to its discrete spectral property, after precluding the role of rotational coherence. These findings shed light on the air-lasing physics, and provide a feasible route to manipulate air lasing intensity.
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Mazza F, Buurmeijer H, Castellanos L, Bohlin A. Coherent N 2 + emission mediated by coherent Raman scattering for gas-phase thermometry. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:6105-6108. [PMID: 37219183 DOI: 10.1364/ol.476540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on the generation of coherent emission from femtosecond (fs) laser-induced filaments mediated by ultrabroadband coherent Raman scattering (CRS), and we investigate its application for high-resolution gas-phase thermometry. Broadband 35-fs, 800-nm pump pulses generate the filament through photoionization of the N2 molecules, while narrowband picosecond (ps) pulses at 400 nm seed the fluorescent plasma medium via generation of an ultrabroadband CRS signal, resulting in a narrowband and highly spatiotemporally coherent emission at 428 nm. This emission satisfies the phase-matching for the crossed pump-probe beams geometry, and its polarization follows the CRS signal polarization. We perform spectroscopy on the coherent N2 + signal to investigate the rotational energy distribution of the N2 + ions in the excited B2Σu + electronic state and demonstrate that the ionization mechanism of the N2 molecules preserves the original Boltzmann distribution to within the experimental conditions tested.
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Zhang F, Xie H, Yuan L, Zhang Z, Fu B, Yu S, Li G, Zhang N, Lu X, Yao J, Cheng Y, Xu Z. Background-free single-beam coherent Raman spectroscopy assisted by air lasing. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:481-484. [PMID: 35103656 DOI: 10.1364/ol.441602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We develop a background-free single-beam coherent Raman scattering technique enabling the high-sensitivity detection of greenhouse gases. In this scheme, Raman coherence prepared by a femtosecond laser is interrogated by self-generated narrowband air lasing, thus allowing single-beam measurements without complex pulse shaping. The unique temporal and spectral characteristics of air lasing are beneficial for improving the signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution of Raman signals. With this method, SF6 gas present at a concentration of 0.38% was detected in an SF6-air mixture. This technique provides a simple and promising route for remote detection due to the low divergence of Raman signals and the availability of high-energy pump lasers, which may broaden the potential applications of air lasing.
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Li Z, Kuan YH, Mu X, Miao Z, Wu C, Liao WT. Ramsey interferometry through coherent A2Πu- X2Σg+- B2Σu+ coupling and population transfer in N2+ air laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6587-6590. [PMID: 33325846 DOI: 10.1364/ol.401800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the hot debate on the mechanism of laser-like emission at 391 nm from N2 gas irradiated by a strong 800 nm pump laser and a weak 400 nm seed laser, we theoretically study the temporal profile, optical gain, and modulation of the 391 nm signal from N2+. Our calculation sheds light on the long standing controversy on whether population inversion is indispensable for optical gain and show the Ramsey fringes of the emission intensity at 391 nm formed by additionally injecting another 800 nm pump or 400 nm seed, which provides strong evidence for the coherence driven modulation of transition dipole moment and population transfer between the A2Πu(ν=2)-X2Σg+ states and the B2Σu+(ν=0)-X2Σg+ states. Our results show that the 391 nm optical gain is susceptible to the population inversion within N2+ states manipulated by the Ramsey technique and thus clearly reveal their symbiosis. This study reveals not only the physical picture of producing N2+ population inversion but also versatile control of the N2+ air laser.
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Li G, Xie H, Zhang Q, Lei H, Zhou X, Wang X, Chen Z, Zhao Z. Enhanced resonant vibrational Raman scattering of N 2+ induced by self-seeding ionic lasers created in polarization-modulated intense laser fields. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5616-5619. [PMID: 33001962 DOI: 10.1364/ol.403110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an experimental investigation of the five vibrational Raman lines at 358 nm, 388 nm, 391 nm, 428 nm, and 471 nm of N2+ resonantly driven by the self-seeding ionic lasers generated by a polarization-modulated (PM) or alternatively a linearly polarized (LP) femtosecond laser. It was found that the spectral intensities of several Raman lines can be dramatically enhanced by exploiting the PM laser pulses in comparison to the LP laser pulses. The evaluated Raman conversion efficiency reaches ∼10-2 for some lasing lines at suitable pressures. Moreover, the role of interplay between the seed amplification and the resonant vibrational Raman scattering processes in inducing the gain of N2+ lasing is characterized for the first time. The developed vibrational Raman spectroscopy with intense ultrafast lasers provides an additional approach to interrogate the products in a femtosecond filament, and it therefore can be a powerful tool for identifying chemical species at remote distances in the atmosphere.
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