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Shan JY, Ye M, Chu H, Lee S, Park JG, Balents L, Hsieh D. Publisher Correction: Giant modulation of optical nonlinearity by Floquet engineering. Nature 2022; 602:E19. [PMID: 35022613 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Shan
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M Ye
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - H Chu
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Geun Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - L Balents
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - D Hsieh
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. .,Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Shan JY, Ye M, Chu H, Lee S, Park JG, Balents L, Hsieh D. Giant modulation of optical nonlinearity by Floquet engineering. Nature 2021; 600:235-239. [PMID: 34880426 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Strong periodic driving with light offers the potential to coherently manipulate the properties of quantum materials on ultrafast timescales. Recently, strategies have emerged to drastically alter electronic and magnetic properties by optically inducing non-trivial band topologies1-6, emergent spin interactions7-11 and even superconductivity12. However, the prospects and methods of coherently engineering optical properties on demand are far less understood13. Here we demonstrate coherent control and giant modulation of optical nonlinearity in a van der Waals layered magnetic insulator, manganese phosphorus trisulfide (MnPS3). By driving far off-resonance from the lowest on-site manganese d-d transition, we observe a coherent on-off switching of its optical second harmonic generation efficiency on the timescale of 100 femtoseconds with no measurable dissipation. At driving electric fields of the order of 109 volts per metre, the on-off ratio exceeds 10, which is limited only by the sample damage threshold. Floquet theory calculations14 based on a single-ion model of MnPS3 are able to reproduce the measured driving field amplitude and polarization dependence of the effect. Our approach can be applied to a broad range of insulating materials and could lead to dynamically designed nonlinear optical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Shan
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M Ye
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - H Chu
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Geun Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - L Balents
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - D Hsieh
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. .,Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Kim SH, Jung S, Seok B, Kim YS, Park H, Otsu T, Kobayashi Y, Kim C, Ishida Y. A compact and stable incidence-plane-rotating second harmonics detector. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:043905. [PMID: 34243408 DOI: 10.1063/5.0047337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a compact and stable setup for detecting the optical second harmonics, in which the incident plane rotates with respect to the sample. The setup is composed of rotating Fresnel rhomb optics and a femtosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser source operating at the repetition frequency of 10 MHz. The setup including the laser source occupies an area of 1 m2 and is stable so that the intensity fluctuation of the laser harmonics can be less than 0.2% for 4 h. We present the isotropic harmonic signal of a gold mirror of 0.5 pW and demonstrate the integrity and sensitivity of the setup. We also show the polarization-dependent six-fold pattern of the harmonics of a few-layer WSe2, from which we infer the degree of local-field effects. Finally, we describe the extensibility of the setup to investigate the samples in various conditions such as cryogenic, strained, ultrafast non-equilibrium, and high magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - S Jung
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - B Seok
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - H Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - T Otsu
- ISSP, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Y Kobayashi
- ISSP, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - C Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Ishida
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Lu B, Tran JD, Torchinsky DH. Fast reflective optic-based rotational anisotropy nonlinear harmonic generation spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:053102. [PMID: 31153244 DOI: 10.1063/1.5080965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel Rotational Anisotropy Nonlinear Harmonic Generation (RA-NHG) apparatus based primarily upon reflective optics. The data acquisition scheme used here allow for fast accumulation of RA-NHG traces, mitigating low frequency noise from laser drift, while permitting real-time adjustment of acquired signals with significantly more data points per unit angle rotation of the optics than other RA-NHG setups. We discuss the design and construction of the optical and electronic components of the device and present example data taken on a GaAs test sample at a variety of wavelengths. The RA-second harmonic generation data for this sample show the expected four-fold rotational symmetry across a broad range of wavelengths, while those for RA-third harmonic generation exhibit evidence of cascaded nonlinear processes possible in acentric crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhu Lu
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Jason D Tran
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Darius H Torchinsky
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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Dimensional crossover in a layered ferromagnet detected by spin correlation driven distortions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1654. [PMID: 30971694 PMCID: PMC6458139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magneto-elastic distortions are commonly detected across magnetic long-range ordering (LRO) transitions. In principle, they are also induced by the magnetic short-range ordering (SRO) that precedes a LRO transition, which contains information about short-range correlations and energetics that are essential for understanding how LRO is established. However these distortions are difficult to resolve because the associated atomic displacements are exceedingly small and do not break symmetry. Here we demonstrate high-multipole nonlinear optical polarimetry as a sensitive and mode selective probe of SRO induced distortions using CrSiTe3 as a testbed. This compound is composed of weakly bonded sheets of nearly isotropic ferromagnetically interacting spins that, in the Heisenberg limit, would individually be impeded from LRO by the Mermin-Wagner theorem. Our results show that CrSiTe3 evades this law via a two-step crossover from two- to three-dimensional magnetic SRO, manifested through two successive and previously undetected totally symmetric distortions above its Curie temperature. Exploring lattice distortions from magnetic short-range ordering (SRO) facilitates the understanding of magnetic long-range ordering (LRO). Here the authors apply high-multipole nonlinear optical polarimetry to track SRO induced distortions in CrSiTe3, showing that LRO is established via a crossover from two- to three-dimensional SRO.
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Lu B, Torchinsky DH. Fourier domain rotational anisotropy-second harmonic generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:33192-33204. [PMID: 30645475 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.033192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel scheme of detecting rotational anisotropy-second harmonic generation (RA-SHG) signals using a lock-in amplifier referenced to a fast scanning RASHG apparatus. The method directly measures the nth harmonics of the scanning frequency corresponding to SHG signal components of Cn symmetry that appear in a Fourier series expansion of a general RA-SHG signal. GaAs was used as a test sample allowing comparison of point-by-point averaging with the lock-in based method. When divided by the C∞ signal component, the lock-in detected data allowed for both self-referenced determination of ratios of Cn components of up to 1 part in 104 and significantly more sensitive measurement of the relative amount of different Cn components when compared with conventional methods.
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Harter JW, Kennes DM, Chu H, de la Torre A, Zhao ZY, Yan JQ, Mandrus DG, Millis AJ, Hsieh D. Evidence of an Improper Displacive Phase Transition in Cd_{2}Re_{2}O_{7} via Time-Resolved Coherent Phonon Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:047601. [PMID: 29437453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.047601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have used a combination of ultrafast coherent phonon spectroscopy, ultrafast thermometry, and time-dependent Landau theory to study the inversion symmetry breaking phase transition at T_{c}=200 K in the strongly spin-orbit coupled correlated metal Cd_{2}Re_{2}O_{7}. We establish that the structural distortion at T_{c} is a secondary effect through the absence of any softening of its associated phonon mode, which supports a purely electronically driven mechanism. However, the phonon lifetime exhibits an anomalously strong temperature dependence that decreases linearly to zero near T_{c}. We show that this behavior naturally explains the spurious appearance of phonon softening in previous Raman spectroscopy experiments and should be a prevalent feature of correlated electron systems with linearly coupled order parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Harter
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D M Kennes
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - H Chu
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A de la Torre
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Y Zhao
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J-Q Yan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - D G Mandrus
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - A J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, The Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - D Hsieh
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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8
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Harter JW, Zhao ZY, Yan JQ, Mandrus DG, Hsieh D. A parity-breaking electronic nematic phase transition in the spin-orbit coupled metal Cd
2
Re
2
O
7. Science 2017; 356:295-299. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Harter
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Z. Y. Zhao
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J.-Q. Yan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - D. G. Mandrus
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - D. Hsieh
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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