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Wang JH, Xue CH, Liu BY, Guo XJ, Hu LC, Wang HD, Deng FQ. A Superhydrophobic Dual-Mode Film for Energy-Free Radiative Cooling and Solar Heating. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15247-15257. [PMID: 35572754 PMCID: PMC9089744 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional electric cooling in summer and coal heating in winter consume a huge amount of energy and lead to a greenhouse effect. Herein, we developed an energy-free dual-mode superhydrophobic film, which consists of a white side with porous coating of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene/SiO2 for radiative cooling and a black side with nanocomposite coating of carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane for solar heating. In the cooling mode with the white side, the film achieved a high sunlight reflection of 94% and a strong long-wave infrared emission of 92% in the range of 8-13 μm to contribute to a temperature drop of ∼11 °C. In the heating mode with the black side, the film achieved a high solar absorption of 98% to induce heating to raise the air temperature beneath by ΔT of ∼35.6 °C. Importantly, both sides of the film are superhydrophobic with a contact angle over 165° and a sliding angle near 0°, showing typical self-cleaning effects, which defend the surfaces from outdoor contamination, thus conducive to long-term cooling and heating. This dual-mode film shows great potential in outdoor applications as coverings for both cooling in hot summer and heating in winter without an energy input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-He Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi
University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Chao-Hua Xue
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi
University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
- College
of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Bing-Ying Liu
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Guo
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi
University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Li-Cui Hu
- College
of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Hui-Di Wang
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi
University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Fu-Quan Deng
- College
of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
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Konger RL, Ren L, Sahu RP, Derr-Yellin E, Kim YL. Evidence for a non-stochastic two-field hypothesis for persistent skin cancer risk. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19200. [PMID: 33154396 PMCID: PMC7645611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With recurring carcinogen exposures, individual tumors develop in a field of genetic mutations through a stepwise process of clonal expansion and evolution. Once established, this “cancer field” persists in the absence of continued carcinogen exposures, resulting in a sustained risk for cancer development. Using a bioimaging approach, we previously demonstrated that a dermal premalignant field characterized by inflammatory angiogenesis persists following the cessation of ultraviolet light exposures and accurately predicts future overlying epidermal tumor formation. Following ultraviolet light treatments, others have observed that patches of p53 immunopositive cells persist stochastically throughout the epidermal stem cell population. However, these studies were done by random biopsies, introducing sampling bias. We now show that, rather than being randomly distributed, p53+ epidermal cells are enriched only in areas overlying this multi-focal dermal field. Moreover, we also show that the dermal field is characterized by a senescent phenotype. We propose that persistence of the overlying epithelial cancerization field in the absence of exogenous carcinogens or promoters requires a two-field composite consisting of a dermal senescent field driving the persistence of the overlying epidermal cancer field. These observations challenge current models that suggest that persistence of cancer risk in the absence of continued carcinogen exposures is simply a function of stochastically arranged, long-lived but dormant epithelial clonal stem cells mutants. The model proposed here could provide new insights into how cancer risk persists following cessation of carcinogenic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond L Konger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, IB424F, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, IB424F, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Ethel Derr-Yellin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, IB424F, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Young L Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Park SM, Visbal-Onufrak MA, Haque MM, Were MC, Naanyu V, Hasan MK, Kim YL. mHealth spectroscopy of blood hemoglobin with spectral super-resolution. OPTICA 2020; 7:563-573. [PMID: 33365364 PMCID: PMC7755164 DOI: 10.1364/optica.390409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although blood hemoglobin (Hgb) testing is a routine procedure in a variety of clinical situations, noninvasive, continuous, and real-time blood Hgb measurements are still challenging. Optical spectroscopy can offer noninvasive blood Hgb quantification, but requires bulky optical components that intrinsically limit the development of mobile health (mHealth) technologies. Here, we report spectral super-resolution (SSR) spectroscopy that virtually transforms the built-in camera (RGB sensor) of a smartphone into a hyperspectral imager for accurate and precise blood Hgb analyses. Statistical learning of SSR enables us to reconstruct detailed spectra from three color RGB data. Peripheral tissue imaging with a mobile application is further combined to compute exact blood Hgb content without a priori personalized calibration. Measurements over a wide range of blood Hgb values show reliable performance of SSR blood Hgb quantification. Given that SSR does not require additional hardware accessories, the mobility, simplicity, and affordability of conventional smartphones support the idea that SSR blood Hgb measurements can be used as an mHealth method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mok Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | | | - Md Munirul Haque
- R. B. Annis School of Engineering, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46227, USA
| | - Martin C. Were
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Violet Naanyu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Young L. Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Kwon KC, Im CY, Seo KY, Nam SM, Erdenebat MU, Shim YB, Han YG, Kim N. Three-dimensional visualization system for ophthalmic microscopes using visible light and near-infrared illumination. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201600268. [PMID: 28700122 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a three-dimensional visualization system for ophthalmic microscopes that is aimed at microsurgery without the eyepieces. A three-dimensional visualization system for ophthalmic microscopes using the mixed illumination, which consists of visible light and near-infrared illumination, is established in order to acquire more exact information of object and reduce the amount of light irradiated to the patients, and its usage in microsurgery without eyepieces is herein described. A custom-designed stereoscopic three-dimensional display which is manufactured for the convenience of the surgeons during the long-time surgery, is connected directly to the camera of the ophthalmic microscope in order to eliminate the discomfort of eyepieces to the surgeon and signal delay between the camera, mounted on the microscope, and display device for surgeon. The main features of the established system are the signal delay-free for surgeon and the low level of illumination for patient. In particular, it could significantly reduce the amount of light irradiated on a patient's eye via NIR illumination. Upon comparison with the conventional system during clinical ophthalmology trials, this system is confirmed to require almost the same operation time and reduced discomfort and eyestrain during long periods of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Chul Kwon
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | | | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bundang Cha Medical Center, Cha University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Munkh-Uchral Erdenebat
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Young Bo Shim
- Department of Physics and the Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Geun Han
- Department of Physics and the Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Kim
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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Kim T, Visbal-Onufrak MA, Konger RL, Kim YL. Data-driven imaging of tissue inflammation using RGB-based hyperspectral reconstruction toward personal monitoring of dermatologic health. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5282-5296. [PMID: 29188120 PMCID: PMC5695970 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and accurate assessment of dermatologic inflammatory hyperemia in otherwise grossly normal-appearing skin conditions is beneficial to laypeople for monitoring their own skin health on a regular basis, to patients for looking for timely clinical examination, and to primary care physicians or dermatologists for delivering effective treatments. We propose that mathematical hyperspectral reconstruction from RGB images in a simple imaging setup can provide reliable visualization of hemoglobin content in a large skin area. Without relying on a complicated, expensive, and slow hyperspectral imaging system, we demonstrate the feasibility of determining heterogeneous or multifocal areas of inflammatory hyperemia associated with experimental photocarcinogenesis in mice. We envision that RGB-based reconstructed hyperspectral imaging of subclinical inflammatory hyperemic foci could potentially be integrated with the built-in camera (RGB sensor) of a smartphone to develop a simple imaging device that could offer affordable monitoring of dermatologic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehoon Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Raymond L. Konger
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN 46202, USA
| | - Young L. Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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