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Brice I, Kim VV, Ostrovskis A, Sedulis A, Salgals T, Spolitis S, Bobrovs V, Alnis J, Ganeev RA. Quantum-Dot-Induced Modification of Surface Functionalization for Active Applications of Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1997. [PMID: 37446513 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots can modify the properties of the whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMRs) used in various potential applications. A deposition of a suitable nanomaterial for the surface functionalization of WGMRs allows for the achievement of high quality (Q) factors. Here, we show that the WGMR surface can be functionalized using quantum dots. We demonstrate that WGMRs covered with thin layers of HgS and PbS quantum dots are suitable for third-harmonic generation due to the high Q factor of the developed microresonators, thus significantly lowering the pumping power required for nonlinear optical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Brice
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Vyacheslav V Kim
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Optics, Institute of Astronomy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Chirchik State Pedagogical University, 104 Amir Temur, Chirchik 111700, Uzbekistan
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, TIIAME National Research University, 39 Kori Niyoziy, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
| | - Armands Ostrovskis
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, Azenes 12, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arvids Sedulis
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, Azenes 12, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Toms Salgals
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, Azenes 12, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Sandis Spolitis
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, Azenes 12, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Vjaceslavs Bobrovs
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, Azenes 12, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Alnis
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Rashid A Ganeev
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Optics, Institute of Astronomy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Chirchik State Pedagogical University, 104 Amir Temur, Chirchik 111700, Uzbekistan
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, TIIAME National Research University, 39 Kori Niyoziy, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
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Asano M, Yamaguchi H, Okamoto H. Free-access optomechanical liquid probes using a twin-microbottle resonator. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2502. [PMID: 36322654 PMCID: PMC9629741 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cavity optomechanics provides high-performance sensor technology, and the scheme is also applicable to liquid samples for biological and rheological applications. However, previously reported methods using fluidic capillary channels and liquid droplets are based on fixed-by-design structures and therefore do not allow an active free access to the samples. Here, we demonstrate an alternate technique using a probe-based architecture with a twin-microbottle resonator. The probe consists of two microbottle optomechanical resonators, where one bottle (for detection) is immersed in liquid and the other bottle (for readout) is placed in air, which retains excellent detection performance through the high optical Q (~107) of the readout bottle. The scheme allows the detection of thermomechanical motion of the detection bottle as well as optomechanical drive and frequency tracking with a phase-locked loop. This technique could lead to in situ metrology at the target location in arbitrary media and could be extended to ultrasensitive biochips and rheometers.
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Frigenti G, Farnesi D, Nunzi Conti G, Soria S. Nonlinear Optics in Microspherical Resonators. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E303. [PMID: 32183230 PMCID: PMC7142417 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear frequency generation requires high intensity density which is usually achieved with pulsed laser sources, anomalous dispersion, high nonlinear coefficients or long interaction lengths. Whispering gallery mode microresonators (WGMRs) are photonic devices that enhance nonlinear interactions and can be exploited for continuous wave (CW) nonlinear frequency conversion, due to their capability of confine light for long time periods in a very small volume, even though in the normal dispersion regime. All signals must be resonant with the cavity. Here, we present a review of nonlinear optical processes in glass microspherical cavities, hollow and solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Frigenti
- Centro Fermi—Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Compendio del Viminale, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Roma, Italy; (G.F.); (G.N.C.)
- CNR-IFAC, Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Madonna del Piano 10, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
- Laboratorio Europeo di Spettroscopia Nonlineare (LENS) - Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Nello Carrara 1, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Daniele Farnesi
- CNR-IFAC, Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Madonna del Piano 10, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
| | - Gualtiero Nunzi Conti
- Centro Fermi—Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Compendio del Viminale, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Roma, Italy; (G.F.); (G.N.C.)
- CNR-IFAC, Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Madonna del Piano 10, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
| | - Silvia Soria
- CNR-IFAC, Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Madonna del Piano 10, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
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Li Y, Wang SH, Tian Y, Ho WL, Li Y, Wang L, Davidson RR, Little BE, Chu ST. Third-harmonic generation in CMOS-compatible highly doped silica micro-ring resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:641-651. [PMID: 32118987 DOI: 10.1364/oe.28.000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the first demonstration of visible emission from highly doped silica glass micro-ring resonators (MRRs) through a third-harmonic generation (THG) nonlinear process. We obtain green light conversion efficiency of 2.7×10-5 W-2 in a MRR with loaded Q-factor of 1.4×106 pumped in the telecom band. A thermal nonlinear model is developed to account for the in-cavity power dependence of the resonance detuning. Using the extracted thermal nonlinear coefficients, the measured TH resonance shift is calibrated by subtracting the thermal nonlinear-induced phase mismatch to obtain the theoretical threefold wavelength relationship along with the measured cubic power relationship.
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Chen JH, Shen X, Tang SJ, Cao QT, Gong Q, Xiao YF. Microcavity Nonlinear Optics with an Organically Functionalized Surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:173902. [PMID: 31702269 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.173902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report enhanced optical nonlinear effects at the surface of an ultrahigh-Q silica microcavity functionalized by a thin layer of organic molecules. The maximal conversion efficiency of third harmonic generation reaches ∼1680%/W^{2} and an absolute efficiency of 0.0144% at pump power of ∼2.90 mW, which is approximately 4 orders of magnitude higher than that in a reported silica microcavity. Further analysis clarifies the elusive dependence of the third harmonic signal on the pump power in previous literature. Molecule-functionalized microcavities may find promising applications in high-efficiency broadband optical frequency conversion and offer potential in sensitive surface analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shui-Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qi-Tao Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Li M, Zou CL, Dong CH, Dai DX. Optimal third-harmonic generation in an optical microcavity with χ (2) and χ (3) nonlinearities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:27294-27304. [PMID: 30469800 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.027294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Third-harmonic generation can be realized via both χ(3) and cascaded χ(2) nonlinear processes in a triply-resonant microcavity. It is still unknown how these processes interfere with each other and the optimization of the conversion efficiency still remains as a question. In this work, the interplay between the direct third-harmonic generation and the cascaded process combining of the second-harmonic generation and the sum-frequency generation are investigated. It is found that the interference effect between these two processes can be used to improve the conversion efficiency. By optimizing the cavity resonance and the external coupling conditions, the saturation of the nonlinear conversion is mitigated and the third-harmonic conversion efficiency is increased. A design rule is provided for achieving efficient third-harmonic generation in an optical microcavity, which can be generalized further to the high-order harmonic generations.
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Chen Y, Zhou ZH, Zou CL, Shen Z, Guo GC, Dong CH. Tunable Raman laser in a hollow bottle-like microresonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:16879-16887. [PMID: 28789187 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.016879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A tunable Raman laser in the hollow bottle-like microresonator is demonstrated. By controlling the pump laser frequency, we have demonstrated continuous Raman laser frequency tuning. We also have studied the interesting transient mode evolution with Raman gain by sweeping the pump and probe laser, and verified the thermal tuning mechanism by theoretical simulations. By mechanically stretching the resonator, we have achieved the large range frequency tuning of the Raman laser, with the tuning range of 132 GHz with the resolution about 85 MHz. The demonstrated tunable Raman laser can be used as a source for future optical applications.
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Fujii S, Kato T, Suzuki R, Tanabe T. Third-harmonic blue light generation from Kerr clustered combs and dispersive waves. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2010-2013. [PMID: 28504736 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated the deterministic generation of blue light emission (438 nm) via the third-harmonic process from an infrared pump by carefully engineering the dispersion of a high-quality-factor whispering gallery mode microcavity. We present two different approaches to obtaining broad bandwidth light. One is based on a clustered comb and the other employs a dispersive wave, and a broad Kerr comb spanning a half-octave is obtained. This allowed frequency conversion over a broad bandwidth ranging from 438 to 612 nm. This approach will enable the development of micro-scale light sources and frequency converters for future optical processing.
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