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Novelli F. Terahertz spectroscopy of thick and diluted water solutions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:11041-11056. [PMID: 38570962 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
While bright terahertz sources are used to perform nonlinear experiments, they can be advantageous for high-precision linear measurements of opaque samples. By placing the sample away from the focus, nonlinearities can be suppressed, and sizeable amounts of transmitted radiation detected. Here, this approach is demonstrated for a 0.5 mm thick layer of liquid water in a static sample holder. Variations of the index of refraction as small as (7 ± 2) · 10-4 were detected at 0.58 THz for an aqueous salt solution containing ten millimoles of sodium chloride. To my knowledge, this precision is unprecedented in time-domain spectroscopy studies of diluted aqueous systems or other optically thick and opaque materials.
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Abstract
The solvation properties of liquid water originate from the transient network of hydrogen-bonded molecules. In order to probe the coupling between the different modes of this network, nonlinear terahertz (THz) spectroscopy techniques are required. Ideally, these techniques should use a minimal volume and capitalize on sensitive field-resolved detection. Here we performed open aperture z-scan transmission experiments on static liquid cells, and detect the THz fields with electro-optical techniques. We show that it is possible to quantify the nonlinear response of liquid water at ~1 THz even when large signals originate from the sample holder windows.
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Novelli F, Ruiz Pestana L, Bennett KC, Sebastiani F, Adams EM, Stavrias N, Ockelmann T, Colchero A, Hoberg C, Schwaab G, Head-Gordon T, Havenith M. Strong Anisotropy in Liquid Water upon Librational Excitation Using Terahertz Laser Fields. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4989-5001. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Novelli
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Luis Ruiz Pestana
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
| | - Kochise C. Bennett
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Federico Sebastiani
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ellen M. Adams
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nikolas Stavrias
- Radboud University, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Ockelmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alejandro Colchero
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Claudius Hoberg
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schwaab
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Teresa Head-Gordon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martina Havenith
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Novelli F, Guchhait B, Havenith M. Towards Intense THz Spectroscopy on Water: Characterization of Optical Rectification by GaP, OH1, and DSTMS at OPA Wavelengths. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1311. [PMID: 32183131 PMCID: PMC7143731 DOI: 10.3390/ma13061311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Water is the most prominent solvent. The unique properties of water are rooted in the dynamical hydrogen-bonded network. While TeraHertz (THz) radiation can probe directly the collective molecular network, several open issues remain about the interpretation of these highly anharmonic, coupled bands. In order to address this problem, we need intense THz radiation able to drive the liquid into the nonlinear response regime. Firstly, in this study, we summarize the available brilliant THz sources and compare their emission properties. Secondly, we characterize the THz emission by Gallium Phosphide (GaP), 2-{3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene}malononitrile (OH1), and 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4'-N'-methyl-stilbazolium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate (DSTMS) crystals pumped by an amplified near-infrared (NIR) laser with tunable wavelength. We found that both OH1 as well as DSTMS could convert NIR laser radiation between 1200 and 2500 nm into THz radiation with high efficiency (> 2 × 10-4), resulting in THz peak fields exceeding 0.1 MV/cm for modest pump excitation (~ mJ/cm2). DSTMS emits the broadest spectrum, covering the entire bandwidth of our detector from ca. 0.5 to ~7 THz, also at a laser wavelength of 2100 nm. Future improvements will require handling the photothermal damage of these delicate organic crystals, and increasing the THz frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Novelli
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Biswajit Guchhait
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Martina Havenith
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
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Novelli F, Bernal Lopez M, Schwaab G, Roldan Cuenya B, Havenith M. Water Solvation of Charged and Neutral Gold Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6521-6528. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
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Huang HH, Nagashima T, Hsu WH, Juodkazis S, Hatanaka K. Dual THz Wave and X-ray Generation from a Water Film under Femtosecond Laser Excitation. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8070523. [PMID: 30011794 PMCID: PMC6071190 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous emission of the THz wave and hard X-ray from thin water free-flow was induced by the irradiation of tightly-focused femtosecond laser pulses (35 fs, 800 nm, 500 Hz) in air. Intensity measurements of the THz wave and X-ray were carried out at the same time with time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) based on electro-optic sampling with a ZnTe(110) crystal and a Geiger counter, respectively. Intensity profiles of the THz wave and X-ray emission as a function of the solution flow position along the incident laser axis at the laser focus show that the profile width of the THz wave is broader than that of the X-ray. Furthermore, the profiles of the THz wave measured in reflection and transmission directions show different features and indicate that THz wave emission is, under single-pulse excitation, induced mainly in laser-induced plasma on the water flow surface. Under double-pulse excitation with a time separation of 4.6 ns, 5–10 times enhancements of THz wave emission were observed. Such dual light sources can be used to characterise materials, as well as to reveal the sequence of material modifications under intense laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hui Huang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Takeshi Nagashima
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikeda-Nakamachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan.
| | - Wei-Hung Hsu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Nanotechnology Facility, Center for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, the Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Koji Hatanaka
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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Novelli F, Ostovar Pour S, Tollerud J, Roozbeh A, Appadoo DRT, Blanch EW, Davis JA. Time-Domain THz Spectroscopy Reveals Coupled Protein-Hydration Dielectric Response in Solutions of Native and Fibrils of Human Lysozyme. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4810-4816. [PMID: 28430436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we reveal details of the interaction between human lysozyme proteins, both native and fibrils, and their water environment by intense terahertz time domain spectroscopy. With the aid of a rigorous dielectric model, we determine the amplitude and phase of the oscillating dipole induced by the THz field in the volume containing the protein and its hydration water. At low concentrations, the amplitude of this induced dipolar response decreases with increasing concentration. Beyond a certain threshold, marking the onset of the interactions between the extended hydration shells, the amplitude remains fixed but the phase of the induced dipolar response, which is initially in phase with the applied THz field, begins to change. The changes observed in the THz response reveal protein-protein interactions mediated by extended hydration layers, which may control fibril formation and may have an important role in chemical recognition phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Novelli
- Centre for Quantum and Optical Science, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Saeideh Ostovar Pour
- School of Science, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Jonathan Tollerud
- Centre for Quantum and Optical Science, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Ashkan Roozbeh
- Centre for Quantum and Optical Science, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | | | - Ewan W Blanch
- School of Science, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A Davis
- Centre for Quantum and Optical Science, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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Balčytis A, Ryu M, Wang X, Novelli F, Seniutinas G, Du S, Wang X, Li J, Davis J, Appadoo D, Morikawa J, Juodkazis S. Silk: Optical Properties over 12.6 Octaves THz-IR-Visible-UV Range. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E356. [PMID: 28772716 PMCID: PMC5507002 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Domestic (Bombyx mori) and wild (Antheraea pernyi) silk fibers were characterised over a wide spectral range from THz 8 cm -1 ( λ = 1.25 mm, f = 0.24 THz) to deep-UV 50 × 10 3 cm - 1 ( λ = 200 nm, f = 1500 THz) wavelengths or over a 12.6 octave frequency range. Spectral features at β-sheet, α-coil and amorphous fibroin were analysed at different spectral ranges. Single fiber cross sections at mid-IR were used to determine spatial distribution of different silk constituents and revealed an α-coil rich core and more broadly spread β-sheets in natural silk fibers obtained from wild Antheraea pernyi moths. Low energy T-ray bands at 243 and 229 cm -1 were observed in crystalline fibers of domestic and wild silk fibers, respectively, and showed no spectral shift down to 78 K temperature. A distinct 20±4 cm-1 band was observed in the crystalline Antheraea pernyi silk fibers. Systematic analysis and assignment of the observed spectral bands is presented. Water solubility and biodegradability of silk, required for bio-medical and sensor applications, are directly inferred from specific spectral bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armandas Balčytis
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
- Department of Laser Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- These authors contributed equally to this work..
| | - Meguya Ryu
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
- These authors contributed equally to this work..
| | - Xuewen Wang
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
- These authors contributed equally to this work..
| | - Fabio Novelli
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
- Current address: Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany..
| | - Gediminas Seniutinas
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
- Current address: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland..
| | - Shan Du
- Australian Future Fibres Research and Innovation Centre, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Xungai Wang
- Australian Future Fibres Research and Innovation Centre, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Jingliang Li
- Australian Future Fibres Research and Innovation Centre, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey Davis
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Dominique Appadoo
- Australian Synchrotron, Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Junko Morikawa
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, the Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Rd., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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