1
|
Zhuang Y, Han T, Yang Q, O’Malley R, Kumar A, Gerald RE, Huang J. A Fiber-Optic Sensor-Embedded and Machine Learning Assisted Smart Helmet for Multi-Variable Blunt Force Impact Sensing in Real Time. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1159. [PMID: 36551126 PMCID: PMC9775411 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Early on-site diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) will provide the best guidance for clinical practice. However, existing methods and sensors cannot provide sufficiently detailed physical information related to the blunt force impact. In the present work, a smart helmet with a single embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is developed, which can monitor complex blunt force impact events in real time under both wired and wireless modes. The transient oscillatory signal "fingerprint" can specifically reflect the impact-caused physical deformation of the local helmet structure. By combination with machine learning algorithms, the unknown transient impact can be recognized quickly and accurately in terms of impact magnitude, direction, and latitude. Optimization of the training dataset was also validated, and the boosted ML models, such as the S-SVM+ and S-IBK+, are able to predict accurately with complex databases. Thus, the ML-FBG smart helmet system developed by this work may become a crucial intervention alternative during a traumatic brain injury event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Zhuang
- Research Center for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Taihao Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Qingbo Yang
- Cooperative Research, College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65102, USA
| | - Ryan O’Malley
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Rex E. Gerald
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Characterization of Engineering-Suitable Optical Fiber Sensors Packaged with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14050973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass fiber-reinforced polymer- (GFRP-) packaged optical fiber (OF) sensors are considered a promising engineering-suitable sensor for structural health monitoring. To date, some critical characteristics of the GFRP-packaged OF (GFRP-OF) sensors have not yet been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to systematically characterize the properties of the GFRP-OF sensors. Firstly, we proposed a dimension optimization method for GFRP-OF sensors by strain transfer theory, which is based on a symmetrical three-layered cylindrical model. Then, we experimentally investigated the properties of the GFRP-packaged fiber Bragg grating sensor and GFRP-packaged distributed optical fiber sensor, including their mechanical properties, strain/temperature sensing performance, fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance. The experimental results showed that the shear bearing capacity of GFRP-OF sensors was more than 120 times larger than that of the other three coated OF sensors, indicating that GFRP dramatically enhanced the robustness of the OF sensor. The GFRP–OF sensors also feature excellent strain and temperature sensing performance with high linearity and repeatability. The results also demonstrated that the GFRP–OF sensors have good fatigue properties with absolute fluctuations of strain sensitivity coefficients throughout the fatigue cycles within 0.02 pm/με; repeatability error did not exceed 0.5%, and nonlinear errors were less than 2%. A case study presented in the last section also illustrates the effectiveness of the GFRP-OF sensor in a field application.
Collapse
|
3
|
Naz ESG, Yin Y, Wang J, Madani A, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Dynamic tuning of photon-plasmon interaction based on three-dimensionally confined microtube cavities. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5720-5723. [PMID: 33057267 DOI: 10.1364/ol.406292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present tunable coupling between surface plasmon resonances supported by a metal-nanoparticle-coated tip and three-dimensionally (3D) confined optical modes supported by a microtube cavity. The competition and transition between two types of coupling mechanisms, i.e., dielectric-dielectric and plasmon-dielectric coupling, are observed in the tunable system. Owing to the competition between the two coupling mechanisms, the resonant modes can be dynamically tuned to first shift from higher to lower energies and then revert to higher energy. Moreover, the unique spatial field distribution of 3D confined modes allows selective coupling of odd and even order axial modes with surface plasmon resonances.
Collapse
|
4
|
Roldán-Varona P, Rodríguez-Cobo L, López-Higuera JM. Reflection-based lab-in-fiber sensor integrated in a surgical needle for biomedical applications. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5242-5245. [PMID: 32932501 DOI: 10.1364/ol.399407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, lab-in-fiber (LIF) sensors have offered a new paradigm in many different scenarios, such as optofluidics, due to their ability to integrate different multiphysics sensor elements in a small space. In this Letter, the design and manufacture of a multiparameter sensing device is proposed, through the combination of an in-fiber air microcavity and a plane-by-plane fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The reflection-based sensor, with a length of less than 300 µm, is located at the end of a single-mode fiber and integrated into a surgical needle for exploitation in biomedical applications. Here we present the first (to our knowledge) ultra-short LIF sensor reported under the "touch and measure" approach. In this first prototype, the detection of axial tensile strain (6.69pm/µε in air cavity) and surrounding refractive index (11.5 nm/RIU in FBG) can be achieved simultaneously.
Collapse
|
5
|
Design and Optimization of Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Micro–Nano Symmetrical Localized Surface. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface Plasma resonance (SPR) sensors combined with biological receptors are widely used in biosensors. Due to limitations of measurement techniques, small-scale, low accuracy, and sensitivity to the refractive index of solution in traditional SPR prism sensor arise. As a consequence, it is difficult to launch commercial production of SPR sensors. The theory of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) developed based on SPR theory has stronger coupling ability to near-field photons. Based on the LSPR sensing theory, we propose a submicron-sized golden-disk and graphene composite structure. By varying the thickness and diameter of the array disk, the performance of the LSPR sensor can be optimized. A graphene layer sandwiched between the golden-disk and the silver film can prevent the latter from oxidizing. Symmetrical design enables high-low concentration of dual-channel distributed sensing. As the fixed light source, we use a 632.8-nm laser. A golden nano-disk with 45 nm thickness and 70 nm radius is designed, using a finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation system. When the incident angle is 42°, the figure of merit (FOM) reaches 8826, and the measurable refractive index range reaches 0.2317.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hogan LT, Horak EH, Ward JM, Knapper KA, Nic Chormaic S, Goldsmith RH. Toward Real-Time Monitoring and Control of Single Nanoparticle Properties with a Microbubble Resonator Spectrometer. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12743-12757. [PMID: 31614083 PMCID: PMC6887843 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Optical microresonators have widespread application at the frontiers of nanophotonic technology, driven by their ability to confine light to the nanoscale and enhance light-matter interactions. Microresonators form the heart of a recently developed method for single-particle photothermal absorption spectroscopy, whereby the microresonators act as microscale thermometers to detect the heat dissipated by optically pumped, nonluminescent nanoscopic targets. However, translation of this technology to chemically dynamic systems requires a platform that is mechanically stable, solution compatible, and visibly transparent. We report microbubble absorption spectrometers as a versatile platform that meets these requirements. Microbubbles integrate a two-port microfluidic device within a whispering gallery mode microresonator, allowing for the facile exchange of chemical reagents within the resonator's interior while maintaining a solution-free environment on its exterior. We first leverage these qualities to investigate the photoactivated etching of single gold nanorods by ferric chloride, providing a method for rapid acquisition of spatial and morphological information about nanoparticles as they undergo chemical reactions. We then demonstrate the ability to control nanorod orientation within a microbubble through optically exerted torque, a promising route toward the construction of hybrid photonic-plasmonic systems. Critically, the reported platform advances microresonator spectrometer technology by permitting room-temperature, aqueous experimental conditions, which may be used for time-resolved single-particle experiments on non-emissive, nanoscale analytes engaged in catalytically and biologically relevant chemical dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levi T. Hogan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Erik H. Horak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Ward
- Light-Matter
Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kassandra A. Knapper
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Síle Nic Chormaic
- Light-Matter
Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Randall H. Goldsmith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Karnaushenko D, Medina-Sánchez M, Yin Y, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Three-Dimensional Microtubular Devices for Lab-on-a-Chip Sensing Applications. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1476-1496. [PMID: 31132252 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid advance of micro-/nanofabrication technologies opens up new opportunities for miniaturized sensing devices based on novel three-dimensional (3D) architectures. Notably, microtubular geometry exhibits natural advantages for sensing applications due to its unique properties including the hollow sensing channel, high surface-volume ratio, well-controlled shape parameters and compatibility to on-chip integration. Here the state-of-the-art sensing techniques based on microtubular devices are reviewed. The developed microtubular sensors cover microcapillaries, rolled-up nanomembranes, chemically synthesized tubular arrays, and photoresist-based tubular structures via 3D printing. Various types of microtubular sensors working in optical, electrical, and magnetic principles exhibit an extremely broad scope of sensing targets including liquids, biomolecules, micrometer-sized/nanosized objects, and gases. Moreover, they have also been applied for the detection of mechanical, acoustic, and magnetic fields as well as fluorescence signals in labeling-based analyses. At last, a comprehensive outlook of future research on microtubular sensors is discussed on pushing the detection limit, extending the functionality, and taking a step forward to a compact and integrable core module in a lab-on-a-chip analytical system for understanding fundamental biological events or performing accurate point-of-care diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Rosenbergstrasse 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | | | - Yin Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Rosenbergstrasse 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang L, Tian Z, Zhang B, Xu B, Wang T, Wang Y, Li S, Di Z, Mei Y. On-Chip Rolling Design for Controllable Strain Engineering and Enhanced Photon-Phonon Interaction in Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805477. [PMID: 31026126 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
On-chip strain engineering is highly demanded in 2D materials as an effective route for tuning their extraordinary properties and integrating consistent functionalities toward various applications. Herein, rolling technique is proposed for strain engineering in monolayer graphene grown on a germanium substrate, where compressive or tensile strain could be acquired, depending on the designed layer stressors. Unusual compressive strains up to 0.30% are achieved in the rolled-up graphene tubular structures. The subsequent phonon hardening under compressive loading is observed through strain-induced Raman G band splitting, while distinct blueshifts of characteristic peaks (G+ , G- , or 2D) can be well regulated on an asymmetric tubular structure with a strain variation. In addition, due to the strong confinement of the local electromagnetic field under 3D tubular geometry, the photon-phonon interaction is highly strengthened, and thus, the Raman scattering of graphene in rolled-up tubes is enhanced. Such an on-chip rolling approach leads to a superior strain tuning method in 2D materials and could improve their light-matter interaction in a tubular configuration, which may hold great capability in 2D materials integration for on-chip applications such as in mechanics, electronics, and photonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ziao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Biran Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Borui Xu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Tianbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China
| | - Zengfeng Di
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - YongFeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Surface Plasmon Nanolaser: Principle, Structure, Characteristics and Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photonic devices are becoming more and more miniaturized and highly integrated with the advancement of micro-nano technology and the rapid development of integrated optics. Traditional semiconductor lasers have diffraction limit due to the feedback from the optical system, and their cavity length is more than half of the emission wavelength, so it is difficult to achieve miniaturization. Nanolasers based on surface plasmons can break through the diffraction limit and achieve deep sub-wavelength or even nano-scale laser emission. The improvement of modern nanomaterial preparation processes and the gradual maturity of micro-nano machining technology have also provided technical conditions for the development of sub-wavelength and nano-scale lasers. This paper describes the basic principles of surface plasmons and nano-resonators. The structure and characteristics of several kinds of plasmonic nanolasers are discussed. Finally, the paper looks forward to the application and development trend of nanolasers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu Q, Meng L, Zeng T, Sinha K, Dick C, Wang X. On-chip colloidal quantum dot devices with a CMOS compatible architecture for near-infrared light sensing. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:463-466. [PMID: 30644926 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed semiconductors that exhibit tunable light absorption and can be directly integrated into state-of-the-art silicon technologies are attractive for near-infrared (NIR) light detection in applications of medical imaging, night vision cameras, hyperspectral sensing, etc. Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) is regarded as a promising candidate for its solution-processability and superior optoelectronic properties. Here we propose an on-chip CQD photodetector, photodiode-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, for NIR light sensing. This CMOS compatible device architecture utilizes silicon as a channel for carrier transport and PbS CQD as the light absorbing material controlling the channel conductivity. While the light with a wavelength longer than about 1100 nm cannot excite a photocurrent in commercial silicon-based photodetectors due to the absorption cutoff of silicon, the proposed photodetector can have responses owing to the usage of a PbS CQD photodiode. Simulations showed that the photodiode could provide photovoltage to the semiconductor, forming an inversion layer at the oxide-semiconductor interface, and the electron density at the interface is significantly enhanced. As a result, currents could flow through this layer with ease between the source and drain electrodes. For a proof-of-concept demonstration, we experimentally connected a CQD photodiode with a commercial silicon transistor and proved that the current from the transistor could be increased by photovoltage provided by the photodiode under NIR light illumination. The device shows a responsivity of 5.9A/W at the wavelength of 1250 nm.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Yin Y, Hao Q, Yang YD, Valligatla S, Saei Ghareh Naz E, Li Y, Saggau CN, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Curved Nanomembrane-Based Concentric Ring Cavities for Supermode Hybridization. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7261-7267. [PMID: 30339757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the mode interactions and resonant hybridization in nanomembrane-formed concentric dual ring cavities supporting whispering gallery mode resonances. Utilizing a rolled-up nanomembrane with subwavelength thickness as an interlayer, dual concentric microring cavities are formed by coating high-index nanomembranes on the inner and outer surfaces of the rolled-up dielectric nanomembrane. In such a hybrid cavity system, the conventional fundamental mode resonating along a single ring orbit splits into symmetric and antisymmetric modes confined by concentric dual ring orbits. Detuning of the coupled supermodes is realized by spatially resolved measurements along the cavity axial direction. A spectral anticrossing feature is observed as a clear evidence of strong coupling. Upon strong coupling, the resonant orbits of symmetric and antisymmetric modes cross over each other in the form of superwaves oscillating between the concentric rings with opposite phase. Notably, the present system provides high flexibilities in controlling the coupling strength by varying the thickness of the spacer layer and thus enables switching between strong and weak coupling regimes. Our work offers a compact and robust scheme using curved nanomembranes to realize novel cavity mode interactions for both fundamental and applied studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Yin Yin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Department of Physics , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Qi Hao
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yue-De Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100083 , China
| | - Sreeramulu Valligatla
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Ehsan Saei Ghareh Naz
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Christian Niclaas Saggau
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Madani A, Naz ESG, Harazim S, Kleinert M, Yin Y, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Multiplexing and tuning of a double set of resonant modes in optical microtube cavities monolithically integrated on a photonic chip. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4703-4706. [PMID: 30272719 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate a monolithic integration of two vertically rolled-up microtube resonators (VRUMs) on polymer-based 1×5 multimode interference waveguides to achieve 3D multi-channel coupling. In this configuration, different sets of resonant modes are simultaneously excited at S-, C-, and L- telecom bands, demonstrating an on-chip multiplexing, based on a vertical-coupling configuration. Moreover, the resonant wavelength tuning and consequently the overlapping of resonant modes are accomplished via covering the integrated VRUMs by liquid. A maximum sensitivity of 330 nm/refractive index unit is achieved. The present work would be a critical step for the realization of massively parallel optofluidic sensors with higher sensitivity and flexibility for signal processing, particularly in a 3D-integrated photonic chip.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yin Y, Wang J, Lu X, Hao Q, Saei Ghareh Naz E, Cheng C, Ma L, Schmidt OG. In Situ Generation of Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Manipulating Photon-Plasmon Coupling in Microtube Cavities. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3726-3732. [PMID: 29630816 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In situ generation of silver nanoparticles for selective coupling between localized plasmonic resonances and whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) is investigated by spatially resolved laser dewetting on microtube cavities. The size and morphology of the silver nanoparticles are changed by adjusting the laser power and irradiation time, which in turn effectively tune the photon-plasmon coupling strength. Depending on the relative position of the plasmonic nanoparticles spot and resonant field distribution of WGMs, selective coupling between the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and WGMs is experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, by creating multiple plasmonic-nanoparticle spots on the microtube cavity, the field distribution of optical axial modes is freely tuned due to multicoupling between LSPRs and WGMs. The multicoupling mechanism is theoretically investigated by a modified quasipotential model based on perturbation theory. This work provides an in situ fabrication of plasmonic nanoparticles on three-dimensional microtube cavities for manipulating photon-plasmon coupling which is of interest for optical tuning abilities and enhanced light-matter interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Xueyi Lu
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Qi Hao
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | | | - Chuanfu Cheng
- School of Physics and Electronics , Shandong Normal University , 250014 Jinan , China
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09107 Chemnitz , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Octave Spanning Supercontinuum in Titanium Dioxide Waveguides. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Feng Z, Bai L. Advances of Optofluidic Microcavities for Microlasers and Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9030122. [PMID: 30424056 PMCID: PMC6187242 DOI: 10.3390/mi9030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic microcavities with high Q factor have made rapid progress in recent years by using various micro-structures. On one hand, they are applied to microfluidic lasers with low excitation thresholds. On the other hand, they inspire the innovation of new biosensing devices with excellent performance. In this article, the recent advances in the microlaser research and the biochemical sensing field will be reviewed. The former will be categorized based on the structures of optical resonant cavities such as the Fabry⁻Pérot cavity and whispering gallery mode, and the latter will be classified based on the working principles into active sensors and passive sensors. Moreover, the difficulty of single-chip integration and recent endeavors will be briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Feng
- College of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Lan Bai
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gaber N, Sabry YM, Erfan M, Marty F, Bourouina T. High-Q Fabry⁻Pérot Micro-Cavities for High-Sensitivity Volume Refractometry. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E54. [PMID: 30393330 PMCID: PMC6187509 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a novel structure for a Fabry⁻Pérot micro cavity that combines the highest reported quality factor for an on-chip Fabry⁻Pérot resonator that exceeds 9800, and a very high sensitivity for an on-chip volume refractometer based on a Fabry⁻Pérot cavity that is about 1000 nm/refractive index unit (RIU). The structure consists of two cylindrical Bragg micromirrors that achieve confinement of the Gaussian beam in the plan parallel to the chip substrate, while for the perpendicular plan, external fiber rod lenses (FRLs) are placed in the optical path of the input and the output of the cavity. This novel structure overcomes number of the drawbacks presented in previous designs. The analyte is passed between the mirrors, enabling its detection from the resonance peak wavelengths of the transmission spectra. Mixtures of ethanol and deionized (DI)-water with different ratios are used as analytes with different refractive indices to exploit the device as a micro-opto-fluidic refractometer. The design criteria are detailed and the modeling is based on Gaussian-optics equations, which depicts a scenario closer to reality than the usually used ray-optics modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha Gaber
- Université Paris-Est, ESIEE Paris, ESYCOM EA 2552, 93162 Noisy-le-Grand, France.
- Center for nanotechnology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City 12588, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Yasser M Sabry
- Faculty of Engineering, Ain-Shams University, 1 Elsarayat St., Abbassia, Cairo 11517, Egypt.
| | - Mazen Erfan
- Université Paris-Est, ESIEE Paris, ESYCOM EA 2552, 93162 Noisy-le-Grand, France.
| | - Frédéric Marty
- Université Paris-Est, ESIEE Paris, ESYCOM EA 2552, 93162 Noisy-le-Grand, France.
| | - Tarik Bourouina
- Université Paris-Est, ESIEE Paris, ESYCOM EA 2552, 93162 Noisy-le-Grand, France.
| |
Collapse
|