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Raad SH, Afshari-Bavil M, Liu D. Efficient and high-quality absorption enhancement using epsilon-near-zero cylindrical nano-shells constructed by graphene. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6742. [PMID: 38509124 PMCID: PMC10954738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed scattering analysis of a hollow-core plasmonic-shell cylindrical wire to design an efficient, compact, narrowband, and reconfigurable optical absorber. The shell is formed by a thin graphene material, investigated in its epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) plasmonic region. Compared to the graphene plasmonic resonances in the terahertz(THz)/far-infrared (FIR) frequencies, the ENZ plasmonic resonances offer a blue shift in the operating frequency of the second-order plasmonic resonances by increasing the geometrical dimensions. This feature is successfully used to design efficient optical wave absorbers with absorption cross-sections much larger than geometrical and scattering cross-sections. The observed blue shift in the resonance spectrum, which is the key point of the design, is further verified by defining each particle with its polarizability and fulfilling the resonant scattering condition in the framework of Mie's theory. Furthermore, graphene relaxation time and chemical potential can be used to manipulate the absorption rate. Observed resonances have narrow widths, achieved with simple geometry. To consider more practical scenarios, the one-dimensional arrangement of the cylindrical elements as a dense and sparse array is also considered and the design key point regarding graphene quality is revealed. The quality factor of the sparse array resonance is 2272.8 and it demands high-quality graphene material in design. It is also observed that due to the use of small particles in the design, the near-field and cooperative effects are not visible in the absorption cross-section of the array and a clear single peak is attained. This polarization-insensitive absorber can tolerate a wide range of incident angles with an absorption rate above 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Hayati Raad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Afshari-Bavil
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230037, China
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Wu Y, Nie Q, Tang C, Yan B, Liu F, Zhu M. Bandwidth tunability of graphene absorption enhancement by hybridization of delocalized surface plasmon polaritons and localized magnetic plasmons. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:19. [PMID: 38273038 PMCID: PMC10811306 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The bandwidth-tunable absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene is theoretically studied in the near-infrared wavelengths. The monolayer graphene is placed on the silver substrate surface with a periodic array of one-dimensional slits. Two absorption peaks are found to result from the hybridization of delocalized surface plasmon polaritons and localized magnetic plasmons. The positions of absorption peaks are accurately predicted by a coupling model of double oscillators. The full width at half maximum of absorption peaks is largely tuned from about 1-200 nm by changing the array period of slits. The effect of the slit size on absorption peaks is also investigated in detail. Our work is promising in applications for photoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- College of Physics and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qingmiao Nie
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Chaojun Tang
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Bo Yan
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Fanxin Liu
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Mingwei Zhu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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Yan Z, Kong L, Tang C, Deng J, Gu P, Chen J, Wang X, Yi Z, Zhu M. Ultra-broadband and completely modulated absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene in a near-infrared region. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:34787-34796. [PMID: 36242483 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Achieving ultra-broadband and completely modulated absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene in near-infrared region is practically important to design graphene-based optoelectronic devices, however, which remains a challenge. In this work, by spectrally designing multiple magnetic plasmon resonance modes in metamaterials to be adjacent to each other, near-infrared light absorption in monolayer graphene is greatly improved to have an averaged absorption efficiency exceeding 50% in a very broad absorption bandwidth of about 800 nm. Moreover, by exerting an external bias voltage on graphene to change Fermi energy of graphene, the ultra-broadband absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene exhibits an excellent tunability, which has a nearly 100% modulation depth and an electrical switching property. This work is promising for applications in near-infrared photodetectors, amplitude modulators of electromagnetic waves, etc.
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Liu B, Yu W, Yan Z, Tang C, Chen J, Gu P, Liu Z, Huang Z. Ultra-narrowband light absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene from waveguide mode. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:24908-24917. [PMID: 32907021 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Greatly improving the light absorption efficiency of graphene and simultaneously manipulating the corresponding absorption bandwidth (broadband or narrowband) is practically important to design graphene-based optoelectronic devices. In this work, we will theoretically show how to largely enhance the absorption in graphene and efficiently control the absorption bandwidth in the visible region, by the excitation of the waveguide mode for the graphene monolayer to be sandwiched between the gold sphere array and dielectric waveguide structure composed of indium tin oxide (ITO) film on a quartz substrate. It is found that the maximum absorption efficiency can reach as high as about 45% and the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the absorption peak can be tuned from about 1 to 10 nanometers, when the array period of gold spheres or the thickness of ITO film is changed.
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Ren Y, Guo X, Zhang G, Balakin AV, Shkurinov AP, Yu A, Zhu Y. Excitation of graphene surface plasmons polaritons by guided-mode resonances with high efficiency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:13224-13233. [PMID: 32403800 DOI: 10.1364/oe.391237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An Otto-like configuration for the excitation of graphene surface plasmon polaritons (GSPPs) is proposed. The configuration is composed of a metallic grating-dielectric-waveguide structure and a monolayer graphene with a subwavelength vacuum gap between them. The evanescent field located at the bottom surface of the dielectric waveguide corresponding to grating-coupled guided-mode resonances (GMRs) is utilized to efficiently excite the highly confined GSPPs. The finite difference time domain method is used to investigate the behaviors of the GMR-GSPP hybrid modes. The dispersion relations of GMRs and GSPPs are calculated and the numerical results further identify the excitation of GMR-GSPP hybrid modes. By changing the gap between the graphene layer and the bottom of the dielectric waveguide and the Fermi energy of graphene, the resonant frequencies of GMR-GSPP hybrid modes can be continuously tuned. When the optimized excitation condition is satisfied, the maximum energy enhancement factor in the gap can reach about 500 at the resonant frequencies. The proposed structure can be used to realize highly sensitive, compatible with planar fabrication technology, and electrically (mechanically) tunable sensors.
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Wu P, Chen Z, Xu D, Zhang C, Jian R. A Narrow Dual-Band Monolayer Unpatterned Graphene-Based Perfect Absorber with Critical Coupling in the Near Infrared. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11010058. [PMID: 31906390 PMCID: PMC7019935 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The combination of critical coupling and coupled mode theory in this study elevated the absorption performance of a graphene-based absorber in the near-infrared band, achieving perfect absorption in the double bands (98.96% and 98.22%), owing to the guided mode resonance (the coupling of the leak mode and guided mode under the condition of phase matching, which revealed 100% transmission or reflection efficiency in the wavelet band), and a third high-efficiency absorption (91.34%) emerged. During the evaluation of the single-structure, cross-circle-shaped absorber via simulation and theoretical analysis, the cross-circle shaped absorber assumed a conspicuous preponderance through exploring the correlation between absorption and tunable parameters (period, geometric measure, and incident angle of the cross-circle absorber), and by briefly analyzing the quality factors and universal applicability. Hence, the cross-circle resonance structure provides novel potential for the design of a dual-band unpatterned graphene perfect absorber in the near-infrared band, and possesses practical application significance in photoelectric detectors, modulators, optical switching, and numerous other photoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghui Wu
- Research Center for Photonic Technology, Fujian Key Laboratory for Advanced Micro-Nano Photonics Technology and Devices & Key Laboratory of Information Functional Material for Fujian Higher Education, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; (P.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zeqiang Chen
- Research Center for Photonic Technology, Fujian Key Laboratory for Advanced Micro-Nano Photonics Technology and Devices & Key Laboratory of Information Functional Material for Fujian Higher Education, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; (P.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Danyang Xu
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
| | - Congfen Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
| | - Ronghua Jian
- School of Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0572-2321297
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Sang T, Gao J, Yin X, Qi H, Wang L, Jiao H. Angle-Insensitive Broadband Absorption Enhancement of Graphene Using a Multi-Grooved Metasurface. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:105. [PMID: 30895396 PMCID: PMC6426901 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An angle-insensitive broadband absorber of graphene covering the whole visible spectrum is numerically demonstrated, which is resulted from multiple couplings of the electric and magnetic dipole resonances in the narrow metallic grooves. This is achieved by integrating the graphene sheet with a multi-grooved metasurface separated by a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) spacer, and an average absorption efficiency of 71.1% can be realized in the spectral range from 450 to 800 nm. The location of the absorption peak of graphene can be tuned by the groove depth, and the bandwidth of absorption can be flexibly controlled by tailoring both the number and the depth of the groove. In addition, broadband light absorption enhancement of graphene is robust to the variations of the structure parameters, and good absorption properties can be maintained even the incident angle is increased to 60°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Sang
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Honglong Qi
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - La Wang
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Hongfei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials MOE, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
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Liu B, Tang C, Chen J, Xie N, Tang H, Zhu X, Park GS. Multiband and Broadband Absorption Enhancement of Monolayer Graphene at Optical Frequencies from Multiple Magnetic Dipole Resonances in Metamaterials. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:153. [PMID: 29767294 PMCID: PMC5955873 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that a suspended monolayer graphene has a weak light absorption efficiency of about 2.3% at normal incidence, which is disadvantageous to some applications in optoelectronic devices. In this work, we will numerically study multiband and broadband absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene over the whole visible spectrum, due to multiple magnetic dipole resonances in metamaterials. The unit cell of the metamaterials is composed of a graphene monolayer sandwiched between four Ag nanodisks with different diameters and a SiO2 spacer on an Ag substrate. The near-field plasmon hybridizations between individual Ag nanodisks and the Ag substrate form four independent magnetic dipole modes, which result into multiband absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene at optical frequencies. When the resonance wavelengths of the magnetic dipole modes are tuned to approach one another by changing the diameters of the Ag nanodisks, a broadband absorption enhancement can be achieved. The position of the absorption band in monolayer graphene can be also controlled by varying the thickness of the SiO2 spacer or the distance between the Ag nanodisks. Our designed graphene light absorber may find some potential applications in optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001 China
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Center for Optics and Optoelectronics Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Information Technology in Biological and Medical Physics, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Center for THz-driven Biological Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747 South Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Ningyan Xie
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Huang Tang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001 China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001 China
| | - Gun-sik Park
- Center for THz-driven Biological Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747 South Korea
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Jiang X, Wang T, Xiao S, Yan X, Cheng L. Tunable ultra-high-efficiency light absorption of monolayer graphene using critical coupling with guided resonance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:27028-27036. [PMID: 29092184 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.027028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We numerically demonstrate a novel monolayer graphene-based perfect absorption multi-layer photonic structure by the mechanism of critical coupling with guided resonance, in which the absorption of graphene can significantly reach 99% at telecommunication wavelengths. The highly efficient absorption and spectral selectivity can be obtained with designing structural parameters in the near-infrared region. Compared to previous works, we achieve the complete absorption of single-atomic-layer graphene in the perfect absorber with a lossless dielectric Bragg mirror, which not only opens up new methods of enhancing the light-graphene interaction, but also makes for practical applications in high-performance optoelectronic devices, such as modulators and sensors.
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