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Liu J, Zhang N, Song Q, Ding H, Wang Y, Chen P, Wang Z, Xue Y, Xu J, Zhao Y, Xu X, Lebbou K, Xu J. Tunable and mode-locked Tm,Ho:GdScO 3 laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2145-2148. [PMID: 38621097 DOI: 10.1364/ol.514957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
A novel, to the best of our knowledge, Tm,Ho:GdScO3 crystal grown using the Czochralski method was investigated for its polarized spectroscopic properties and laser performance in both tunable continuous-wave (CW) and mode-locked regimes. The crystal's multisite structure (Gd3+/Sc3+ site) and Tm3+/Ho3+ dopants contributed to spectral broadening, enabling a tunable laser operation from 1914 to 2125 nm (with a broad range of 215 nm). Additionally, a pulse duration of 72 fs was achieved for E || b polarization. These results demonstrate the potential of the Tm,Ho:GdScO3 perovskite crystal as a promising gain material for ultrafast lasers operating around 2 µm.
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Eremeev K, Loiko P, Zhao C, Lin ZL, Mateos X, Zin Elabedine G, Camy P, Braud A, Griebner U, Petrov V, Zhang G, Li S, Hang Y, Chen W. Growth, spectroscopy and laser operation of Tm,Ho:GdScO 3 perovskite crystal. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:13527-13542. [PMID: 38859320 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
We report on the growth, polarized spectroscopy and first laser operation of an orthorhombic (space group Pnma) Tm3+,Ho3+-codoped gadolinium orthoscandate (GdScO3) perovskite-type crystal. A single crystal of 3.76 at.% Tm, 0.35 at.% Ho:GdScO3 was grown by the Czochralski method. Its polarized absorption and fluorescence properties were studied revealing a broadband emission around 2 µm. The parameters of the Tm3+ ↔ Ho3+ energy transfer was quantified, P28 = 1.30 × 10-22 cm3µs-1, and P71 = 0.99 × 10-23 cm3µs-1, and the thermal equilibrium lifetime was measured to be 3.5 ms. The crystal-field splitting of Tm3+ and Ho3+ multiplets in Cs symmetry sites of the perovskite structure was determined by low-temperature spectroscopy and the mechanism of spectral line broadening is discussed. The continuous-wave Tm,Ho:GdScO3 laser generated 1.16 W at ∼2.1 µm with a slope efficiency of 50.5%, a laser threshold of 184 mW, a linear laser polarization (E || c) and a spatially single-mode output. The Tm,Ho:GdScO3 crystal is promising for broadly tunable and femtosecond mode-locked lasers emitting above 2 µm.
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Wang P, Jin Y, Lv J, Zhang N, Xue M, Li K, Dong L, Liu J, Zhao Y, Xu X, Liu S. Spectroscopy and efficient laser performances of a Tm,Ho:CaY 0.9Lu 0.1AlO 4 crystal. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4544-4547. [PMID: 37656549 DOI: 10.1364/ol.501367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the spectral properties and laser performances of a novel, to the best of our knowledge, Tm,Ho:CaY0.9Lu0.1AlO4 (Tm,Ho:CYLA) crystal. The polarized absorption spectra, luminescence spectra, and fluorescence lifetime are systematically investigated, presenting a broad and smooth luminescence band. Furthermore, a maximum continuous wave (CW) laser output power of 0.51 W at 2092 nm is obtained under an absorbed pump power of 2.89 W, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 20.4%. The beam quality factors (M2) are measured to be 1.04 in both the x and y axes. A tuning range of 123.4 nm, from 2017.8 nm to 2141.2 nm, is achieved in the CW regime by using a birefringent filter (BF). A stable passively Q switched Tm,Ho:CYLA laser employing Cr2+:ZnSe as a saturable absorber (SA) is realized for the first time, delivering the shortest pulse width of 560 ns with a transmittance of 1%. The results indicate that the Tm,Ho:CYLA crystal is an excellent laser medium for generating high-efficiency laser at ∼2 µm and has a potential in ultrafast laser generation.
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Lin ZL, Loiko P, Zeng HJ, Xue WZ, Zhang G, Normani S, Camy P, Petrov V, Mateos X, Lin H, Yu H, Zhang H, Liu J, Wang L, Chen W. Kerr-lens mode-locking of an Yb:CLNGG laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:8575-8585. [PMID: 36859969 DOI: 10.1364/oe.480986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on a Kerr-lens mode-locked laser based on an Yb3+-doped disordered calcium lithium niobium gallium garnet (Yb:CLNGG) crystal. Pumping by a spatially single-mode Yb fiber laser at 976 nm, the Yb:CLNGG laser delivers soliton pulses as short as 31 fs at 1056.8 nm with an average output power of 66 mW and a pulse repetition rate of ∼77.6 MHz via soft-aperture Kerr-lens mode-locking. The maximum output power of the Kerr-lens mode-locked laser amounted to 203 mW for slightly longer pulses of 37 fs at an absorbed pump power of 0.74 W, which corresponds to a peak power of 62.2 kW and an optical efficiency of 20.3%.
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Energy transfer and luminescent properties of Tb3+ and Tb3+, Yb3+ doped CNGG phosphors. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang Y, Loiko P, Zhao Y, Pan Z, Chen W, Mero M, Xu X, Xu J, Mateos X, Major A, Guina M, Petrov V, Griebner U. Polarized spectroscopy and SESAM mode-locking of Tm,Ho:CALGO. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:7883-7893. [PMID: 35299541 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A Tm,Ho:CALGO laser passively mode-locked by a GaSb-based SESAM generated pulses as short as 52 fs at a central wavelength of 2015 nm with a broad spectral bandwidth of 82 nm (full width at half maximum) owing to the combined gain profiles of both dopants for σ-polarized light. The average output power reached 376 mW at a repetition rate of 85.65 MHz. In the continuous-wave regime, the laser was power scaled up to 1.01 W at 2080.6 nm with a slope efficiency of 32.0%, a laser threshold of 155 mW and π-polarized emission. Polarized spectroscopic properties of Ho3+ ions in singly doped and codoped CALGO crystals were revisited to explain the observed laser performance.
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Pan Z, Wang L, Bae JE, Rotermund F, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Loiko P, Mateos X, Griebner U, Petrov V, Chen W. SWCNT-SA mode-locked Tm,Ho:LCLNGG laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:40323-40332. [PMID: 34809376 DOI: 10.1364/oe.445584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sub-100 fs pulse generation from a passively mode-locked Tm,Ho-codoped cubic multicomponent disordered garnet laser at ∼2 µm is demonstrated. A single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber is implemented to initiate and stabilize the soliton mode-locking. The Tm,Ho:LCLNGG (lanthanum calcium lithium niobium gallium garnet) laser generated pulses as short as 63 fs at a central wavelength of 2072.7 nm with an average output power of 63 mW at a pulse repetition rate of ∼102.5 MHz. Higher average output power of 121 mW was obtained at the expense of longer pulse duration (96 fs) at 2067.6 nm using higher output coupling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on mode-locked operation of the Tm,Ho:LCLNGG crystal.
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Wang L, Chen W, Zhao Y, Loiko P, Mateos X, Guina M, Pan Z, Mero M, Griebner U, Petrov V. Sub-50 fs pulse generation from a SESAM mode-locked Tm,Ho-codoped calcium aluminate laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:2642-2645. [PMID: 34061077 DOI: 10.1364/ol.426113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on sub-50 fs pulse generation from a passively mode-locked (ML) Tm,Ho-codoped crystalline laser operating in a 2 µm spectral region. A ${\rm Tm},{\rm Ho}{:}{\rm Ca}({\rm Gd},{\rm Lu}){{\rm AlO}_4}$ laser delivers pulses as short as 46 fs at 2033 nm with an average power of 121 mW at a pulse repetition rate of ${\sim}{78}\;{\rm MHz}$ employing a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror as a saturable absorber. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the shortest pulses ever generated from a Tm- and/or Ho-based solid-state laser. Polarization switching in the anisotropic gain material is observed in the ML regime without any polarization selection elements which is essential for the shortest pulses.
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Na Q, Huang Z, He M, Chen Z, Xu T, Wang L, Yan P, Li Y, Luo S, Xu C, Fan D. Watt-level passively mode-locked Tm:YLF laser at 1.83 µm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:35230-35237. [PMID: 31878695 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.035230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Passive, continuous-wave mode-locked (CWML) operation of a 1.83 µm Tm:YLF laser is experimentally demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Two specially selected output couplers are used to realize this operation. Stability of the CWML laser is obtained with a commercial semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. The maximum average output power is 1.04 W with a pulse duration of 107 ps and repetition rate of 54.1 MHz. Further, a 0.1 mm fused-quartz Fabry-Perot etalon is used to tune the central wavelength of the stable CWML laser at 1827.2 nm, 1829.5 nm, 1831.9 nm, and 1833.5 nm.
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Chen W, Pan Z, Wang L, Dai X, Yuan H, Zhang Y, Cai H, Bae JE, Choi SY, Rotermund F, Loiko P, Serres JM, Mateos X, Zhou W, Shen D, Griebner U, Petrov V. 67-fs pulse generation from a mode-locked Tm,Ho:CLNGG laser at 2083 nm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1922-1928. [PMID: 30732238 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on a mode-locked Tm,Ho:CLNGG laser emitting in the 2 µm spectral range using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a saturable absorber (SA). Pulses with duration of 98 fs are generated at 99.28 MHz repetition rate with an average output power of 123 mW, yielding a pulse energy of 1.24 nJ. Using a 0.5% output coupling, pulses as short as 67 fs, i.e., 10 optical cycles, are produced after extracavity compression with a 3-mm-thick ZnS plate.
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