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Su L, Douglas A, Szurek M, Hébert AH, Krahn A, Groth R, Phelps GA, Marković O, Greiner M. Fast single atom imaging for optical lattice arrays. Nat Commun 2025; 16:1017. [PMID: 39863596 PMCID: PMC11762994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
High-resolution fluorescence imaging of ultracold atoms and molecules is paramount to performing quantum simulation and computation in optical lattices and tweezers. Imaging durations in these experiments typically range from a millisecond to a second, significantly limiting the cycle time. In this work, we present fast, 2.4 μs single-atom imaging in lattices, with 99.4% fidelity - pushing the readout duration of neutral atom quantum platforms to be close to that of superconducting qubit platforms. Additionally, we thoroughly study the performance of accordion lattices. We also demonstrate number-resolved imaging without parity projection, which will facilitate experiments such as the exploration of high-filling phases in the extended Bose-Hubbard models, multi-band or SU(N) Fermi-Hubbard models, and quantum link models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Michal Szurek
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne H Hébert
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Krahn
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robin Groth
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ognjen Marković
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Grün DS, White SJM, Ortu A, Di Carli A, Edri H, Lepers M, Mark MJ, Ferlaino F. Optical Tweezer Arrays of Erbium Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:223402. [PMID: 39672125 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.223402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]
Abstract
We present the first successful trapping of single erbium atoms in an array of optical tweezers. Using a single narrow-line optical transition, we achieve deep cooling for direct tweezer loading, pairwise ejection, and continuous imaging without additional recoil suppression techniques. Our tweezer wavelength choice enables us to reach the magic trapping condition by tuning the ellipticity of the trapping light. Additionally, we implement an ultrafast high-fidelity fluorescence imaging scheme using a broad transition, allowing time-resolved study of the tweezer population dynamics from many to single atoms during light-assisted collisions. In particular, we extract a pair-ejection rate that qualitatively agrees with the semiclassical predictions by the Gallagher-Pritchard model. This Letter represents a promising starting point for the exploration of erbium as a powerful resource for quantum simulation in optical tweezers.
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Chomaz L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Ferlaino F, Laburthe-Tolra B, Lev BL, Pfau T. Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 86:026401. [PMID: 36583342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aca814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the achievement of quantum degeneracy in gases of chromium atoms in 2004, the experimental investigation of ultracold gases made of highly magnetic atoms has blossomed. The field has yielded the observation of many unprecedented phenomena, in particular those in which long-range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) play a crucial role. In this review, we aim to present the aspects of the magnetic quantum-gas platform that make it unique for exploring ultracold and quantum physics as well as to give a thorough overview of experimental achievements. Highly magnetic atoms distinguish themselves by the fact that their electronic ground-state configuration possesses a large electronic total angular momentum. This results in a large magnetic moment and a rich electronic transition spectrum. Such transitions are useful for cooling, trapping, and manipulating these atoms. The complex atomic structure and large dipolar moments of these atoms also lead to a dense spectrum of resonances in their two-body scattering behaviour. These resonances can be used to control the interatomic interactions and, in particular, the relative importance of contact over dipolar interactions. These features provide exquisite control knobs for exploring the few- and many-body physics of dipolar quantum gases. The study of dipolar effects in magnetic quantum gases has covered various few-body phenomena that are based on elastic and inelastic anisotropic scattering. Various many-body effects have also been demonstrated. These affect both the shape, stability, dynamics, and excitations of fully polarised repulsive Bose or Fermi gases. Beyond the mean-field instability, strong dipolar interactions competing with slightly weaker contact interactions between magnetic bosons yield new quantum-stabilised states, among which are self-bound droplets, droplet assemblies, and supersolids. Dipolar interactions also deeply affect the physics of atomic gases with an internal degree of freedom as these interactions intrinsically couple spin and atomic motion. Finally, long-range dipolar interactions can stabilise strongly correlated excited states of 1D gases and also impact the physics of lattice-confined systems, both at the spin-polarised level (Hubbard models with off-site interactions) and at the spinful level (XYZ models). In the present manuscript, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the various related experimental achievements up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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Lebedev V, Bartlett JH, Malyzhenkov A, Castro A. Note: Micro-channel array crucible for isotope-resolved laser spectroscopy of high-temperature atomic beams. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:126101. [PMID: 29289201 DOI: 10.1063/1.5006457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel compact design for a multichannel atomic oven which generates collimated beams of refractory atoms for fieldable laser spectroscopy. Using this resistively heated crucible, we demonstrate spectroscopy of an erbium sample at 1300 °C with improved isotopic resolution with respect to a single-channel design. In addition, our oven has a high thermal efficiency. By minimizing the surface area of the crucible, we achieve 2000 °C at 140 W of applied electrical power. As a result, the design does not require any active cooling and is compact enough to allow for its incorporation into fieldable instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Lebedev
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Joshua H Bartlett
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Alexander Malyzhenkov
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Alonso Castro
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Shao Q, Deng L, Xing X, Gou D, Kuang X, Li H. Ground State Properties of the Polar Alkali-Metal–Ytterbium and Alkaline-Earth-Metal–Ytterbium Molecules: A Comparative Study. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2187-2193. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Shao
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaodong Xing
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dezhi Gou
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kuang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratoire
Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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Schmitt M, Henn EAL, Billy J, Kadau H, Maier T, Griesmaier A, Pfau T. Spectroscopy of a narrow-line optical pumping transition in atomic dysprosium. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:637-639. [PMID: 23455249 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of the hyperfine coefficients and isotope shifts of the Dy I 683.731 nm transition, using saturated absorption spectroscopy on an atomic beam. A King Plot is drawn resulting in an updated value for the specific mass shift δν(684,sms)(164-162)=-534±17 MHz. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we measure the excited state lifetime τ684=1.68(5) μs, yielding a linewidth of γ684=95±3 kHz. We give an upper limit to the branching ratio between the two decay channels from the excited state showing that this transition is usable for optical pumping into a dark state and demagnetization cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmitt
- 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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Aikawa K, Frisch A, Mark M, Baier S, Rietzler A, Grimm R, Ferlaino F. Bose-Einstein condensation of erbium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:210401. [PMID: 23003221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.210401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation of erbium atoms and on the observation of magnetic Feshbach resonances at low magnetic fields. By means of evaporative cooling in an optical dipole trap, we produce pure condensates of 168Er, containing up to 7×10(4) atoms. Feshbach spectroscopy reveals an extraordinary rich loss spectrum with six loss resonances already in a narrow magnetic-field range up to 3 G. Finally, we demonstrate the application of a low-field Feshbach resonance to produce a tunable dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate and we observe its characteristic d-wave collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aikawa
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Chebakov K, Sokolov A, Akimov A, Sukachev D, Kanorsky S, Kolachevsky N, Sorokin V. Zeeman slowing of thulium atoms. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:2955-2957. [PMID: 19794780 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate laser slowing of a hot thulium atomic beam using the nearly closed cycling transition 4f(13)6s(2)((2)F(o))(J=7/2)<-->4f(12)((3)H(5))5d(3/2)6s(2)(J=9/2) at 410.6 nm. Atoms are decelerated to velocities around 25 m/s by a 40 cm Zeeman slower. The flux of slowed atoms is evaluated as 10(7) s(-1)cm(-2). The experiment explicitly indicates the possibility of trapping Tm atoms in a magneto-optical trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chebakov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Leninsky Prospekt 53, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Berglund AJ, Hanssen JL, McClelland JJ. Narrow-line magneto-optical cooling and trapping of strongly magnetic atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:113002. [PMID: 18517781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Laser cooling on weak transitions is a useful technique for reaching ultracold temperatures in atoms with multiple valence electrons. However, for strongly magnetic atoms a conventional narrow-line magneto-optical trap (MOT) is destabilized by competition between optical and magnetic forces. We overcome this difficulty in Er by developing an unusual narrow-line MOT that balances optical and magnetic forces using laser light tuned to the blue side of a narrow (8 kHz) transition. The trap population is spin polarized with temperatures reaching below 2 muK. Our results constitute an alternative method for laser cooling on weak transitions, applicable to rare-earth-metal and metastable alkaline earth elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Berglund
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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McClelland JJ, Hanssen JL. Laser cooling without repumping: a magneto-optical trap for erbium atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:143005. [PMID: 16712071 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.143005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel mechanism that allows for strong laser cooling of atoms that do not have a closed cycling transition. This mechanism is observed in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) for erbium, an atom with a very complex energy level structure with multiple pathways for optical-pumping losses. We observe surprisingly high trap populations of over 10(6) atoms and densities of over 10(11) atoms cm(-3), despite the many potential loss channels. A model based on recycling of metastable and ground state atoms held in the quadrupole magnetic field of the trap explains the high trap population, and agrees well with time-dependent measurements of MOT fluorescence. The demonstration of trapping of a rare-earth atom such as erbium opens a wide range of new possibilities for practical applications and fundamental studies with cold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J McClelland
- Electron Physics Group, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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