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Xiao Y, Deng P, Zhao Y, Yang S, Li B. Three-photon excited fluorescence imaging in neuroscience: From principles to applications. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1085682. [PMID: 36891460 PMCID: PMC9986337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1085682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of three-photon microscopy (3PM) has greatly expanded the capability of imaging deep within biological tissues, enabling neuroscientists to visualize the structure and activity of neuronal populations with greater depth than two-photon imaging. In this review, we outline the history and physical principles of 3PM technology. We cover the current techniques for improving the performance of 3PM. Furthermore, we summarize the imaging applications of 3PM for various brain regions and species. Finally, we discuss the future of 3PM applications for neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Ministry of Education (MOE), Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Ministry of Education (MOE), Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Ministry of Education (MOE), Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Ministry of Education (MOE), Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Ministry of Education (MOE), Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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