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Abstract
Temporary tattoos are a popular alternative to permanent ones. Some of them use natural pigments such as lawsone in the famous henna tattoos. Recently, jagua tattoos, whose main ingredients are genipin and geniposide, have emerged as an interesting option. This study was conducted to identify the presence and concentration of henna and jagua active ingredients (lawsone; genipin and geniposide, respectively) in commercial tattoo samples. Since natural pigments are often mixed with additives such as p-phenylenediamine (PPD) in the case of henna, PPD has been included in the study. Green and simple extraction methods based on vortex or ultrasound-assisted techniques have been tested. To determine the compounds of interest liquid chromatography (LC) with diode-array detection (DAD) has been applied; and PPD absence was confirmed by LC-QTOF (quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry). This work demonstrated that only one out of 14 henna samples analyzed contained lawsone. For jaguas, genipin was found in all samples, while geniposide only in two. Therefore, quality control analysis on these semi-permanent tattoos is considered necessary to detect these ingredients in commercial mixtures, as well as to uncover possible fraud in products sold as natural henna.
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Wang WY, Wang W, Wu H, Li SP, Wang R, Dai L, Zhang ZR, Fu J, Deng R, Li F. Microdialysis sampling combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of geniposide in dialysate of joint cavities in adjuvant arthritis rats. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:516-522. [PMID: 29315974 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Microdialysis has been used to detect the concentrations of drugs in tissues. Geniposide (GE), an iridoid glycoside compound, is the main bioactive component of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit. We previously demonstrated that GE could control the activity of cytokines and reduce levels of inflammation in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats, but the topic of concentration changes over time in the joint synovia of AA is scarcely studied. METHODS In this study, microdialysis technique combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was set up and confirmed to assay GE in the dialysate of the joint cavity in AA rats. Mass detection was conducted in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with negative electro-spray ionization, and Paeoniflorin (Pae) was used as an internal standard (IS). RESULTS A lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 5 ng/mL was found in this method and with good linearity in the range of 5-4000 ng/mL. All the validation data including accuracy, precision, intra and inter-day repeatability and stability meet the requirements. The relative recoveries of GE were determined at approximately 40.01%. CONCLUSIONS The measurements based on microdialysis combined with UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS provide a method for sampling and rapid sensitive analysis of GE in dialysate of joint cavity in AA rats. This method should be considered for future pharmacokinetics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shu-Ping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Chen JY, Wu H, Li H, Hu SL, Dai MM, Chen J. Anti-inflammatory effects and pharmacokinetics study of geniposide on rats with adjuvant arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 24:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Xu P, Du SY, Lu Y, Bai J, Guo YW, Du Q, Cao YF. The effect of stroke and other components in Xing-Nao-Jing on the pharmacokinetics of geniposide. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:302-307. [PMID: 24412553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Geniposide is a bioactive substance derived from gardenia, which has been used in traditional Chinese preparation, such as "Xing-Nao-Jing" (XNJ) for stroke treatment. Stroke and the ingredients of herbal preparation affect the pharmacokinetics of geniposide. A comparative pharmacokinetic study of geniposide in stroke and sham-operated rats after administration of XNJ and geniposide was proceeded to evaluate the effect of stroke on pharmacokinetics of geniposide, while the influence of other components in XNJ was determined by using gardenia extract and geniposide-borneol compounds in rats with stroke to compare. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion 2h later. Plasma concentration of geniposide was determined by HPLC. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from the plasma concentration versus time data using non-compartmental methods. RESULTS The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0-t) in stroke after administration of XNJ were 5.97±3.82 μg/mL, and 570.06±274.32 μg·min/mL, respectively, which were 5 times compared with sham-operated rats or the stroke-afflicted rats given geniposide. In stroke, the Cmax and AUC(0-t) of geniposide-borneol group and gardenia extraction group were close to XNJ group and geniposide group, respectively. The geniposide-borneol group had a higher value. CONCLUSION Stroke improved the absorption of geniposide in XNJ. Borneol may be the key ingredient in XNJ improving the absorption of geniposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Shou-ying Du
- School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yi-wang Guo
- School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Qiu Du
- School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yan-feng Cao
- School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China
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Li H, Wu H, Shen C, Chen JY, Hu SL, Wu H. Comparative pharmacokinetics study after oral administration of geniposide in normal rats and adjuvant-induced arthritis rats by UPLC-MS/MS. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:294-9. [PMID: 23953346 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for quantitative analysis of geniposide (GE) in rat plasma was developed, validated and applied to determine the level of GE in rat plasma after oral administration of GE in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) and normal rats. The investigation showed that there were significant differences in the groups between the normal rat and AA rat in pharmacokinetics parameters, such as the area under the time versus drug concentration curve (AUC(0-∞)) (3.77 ± 0.68 versus 2.27 ± 0.42, p < 0.05), the apparent volume of distribution (V) (140.41 ± 2.07 versus 136.51 ± 1.03, p < 0.05), the mean residence time (MRT) (3.98 ± 0.90 versus 3.80 ± 0.50, p < 0.05) and the clearance from the total body (CL) (16.10 ± 2.87 versus 26.44 ± 4.94, p < 0.05). The results indicated that AA could alter the pharmacokinetics of the drug and these experimental findings could be useful for the further study of the clinical applications of GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Sun Y, Feng F, Yu X. Pharmacokinetics of Geniposide in Zhi-Zi-Hou-Pu Decoction and in Different Combinations of its Constituent Herbs. Phytother Res 2011; 26:67-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Fang Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University); Ministry of Education; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xiupei Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
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Lv H, Sun H, Sun W, Liu L, Wang P, Wang X, Cao H. Pharmacokinetic studies of a Chinese triple herbal drug formula. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:993-1001. [PMID: 18339526 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Yin Chen Hao Tang preparation (YCHTP) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula, which is commonly used for clinical treatment of hepatological diseases. In this study, a rapid and validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to simultaneously identify 6,7-dimethylesculetin and geniposide in rat plasma. This assay was performed on a Dikma Diamonsil RP(18) column (200 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile-methanol-water (0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase, showing acceptable linearity, intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy (R.S.D.=5%), and absolute recovery for two analytes (74%); the limits of quantitation were 0.4 and 1.12 μg/ml, and the limits of detection were 0.06 and 0.09 μg/ml for two analytes. The developed method was successfully applied to study the effect of formula compatibility on the pharmacokinetics of 6,7-dimethylesculetin and geniposide in YCHTP when orally administrating an effective human daily dose of YCHTP to rats. We surmise that formula compatibility can significantly influence the pharmacokinetics of YCHTP, and we have elucidated and validated the compatible administration of YCHTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lv
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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Chen C, Han F, Zhang Y, Lu J, Shi Y. Simultaneous determination of geniposide and its metabolites genipin and genipinine in culture ofAspergillus nigerby HPLC. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:753-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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