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Jang KJ, Cha C, Lee KG. Analysis and reduction of benzene in various beverages such as vitamin drinks and cranberry juice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kim EM, Kim DA, Kwon SW, Jin Y, Lee H, Kang S, Lee J. Headspace conditions and ingredients can affect artefactual benzene formation in beverages. Food Chem 2019; 293:278-284. [PMID: 31151612 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A headspace sampling-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) method using mild HS conditions (40 °C, 30 min) was established, validated in terms of specificity, linearity (1.75-87.65 ng mL-1), precision (0.3-9.1% RSD), and accuracy (81.1-117.7%); and applied for the monitoring of 900 commercial beverage samples of six different types. These mild (low-temperature) conditions were compared with 1) optimized (high-temperature) conditions and 2) a liquid-phase microextraction method involving no heat treatment. This method was desirable because a high equilibrium temperature induced artefactual benzene formation from benzoate and ascorbic acid. In a 2IV8-3 fractional factorial design, eight variables-ascorbic acid, benzoate, benzaldehyde, Cu2+, Fe2+, riboflavin, pyridoxine, and heat treatment-were tested as potential factors affecting benzene formation. All variables except Fe2+ and pyridoxine significantly affected benzene formation, both individually and interactively. The present study suggests an accurate and reliable method for benzene analysis and provides strategies to prevent unintentional benzene formation in beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Yamini Y, Rezazadeh M, Seidi S. Liquid-phase microextraction – The different principles and configurations. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Risk assessment of benzene in food samples of Iran's market. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 114:278-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Salviano dos Santos VP, Medeiros Salgado A, Guedes Torres A, Signori Pereira K. Benzene as a Chemical Hazard in Processed Foods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2015; 2015:545640. [PMID: 26904662 PMCID: PMC4745501 DOI: 10.1155/2015/545640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a literature review on benzene in foods, including toxicological aspects, occurrence, formation mechanisms, and mitigation measures and analyzes data reporting benzene levels in foods. Benzene is recognized by the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) as carcinogenic to humans, and its presence in foods has been attributed to various potential sources: packaging, storage environment, contaminated drinking water, cooking processes, irradiation processes, and degradation of food preservatives such as benzoates. Since there are no specific limits for benzene levels in beverages and food in general studies have adopted references for drinking water in a range from 1-10 ppb. The presence of benzene has been reported in various food/beverage substances with soft drinks often reported in the literature. Although the analyses reported low levels of benzene in most of the samples studied, some exceeded permissible limits. The available data on dietary exposure to benzene is minimal from the viewpoint of public health. Often benzene levels were low as to be considered negligible and not a consumer health risk, but there is still a need of more studies for a better understanding of their effects on human health through the ingestion of contaminated food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Paula Salviano dos Santos
- Laboratório de Sensores Biológicos, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Horácio Macedo 2030, CT, Bloco E, Sala E-122, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréa Medeiros Salgado
- Laboratório de Sensores Biológicos, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Horácio Macedo 2030, CT, Bloco E, Sala E-122, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Guedes Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, CT, Bloco A, Sala 528A, Ilha Fundão, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karen Signori Pereira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Horácio Macedo 2030, CT, Bloco E, Sala E-104, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Guo Y, Ma S, Guan S, Zhang Y, Pan J. High-Throughput Determination of Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients by Ultrasound-Assisted Liquid-Phase Microextraction. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1400-6. [PMID: 25583971 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A method of high-throughput determination, which is based on ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase microextraction, was developed to measure directly the partition coefficients of n-octanol-water. In ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase microextraction, ultrasonic energy can facilitate the mass transfer process of six or more microextractors simultaneously. Therefore, high-throughput determination of n-octanol-water partition coefficients can be performed favorably, and the equilibrium time of each microextractor can be decreased effectively. Several experimental parameters including ultrasonic power and frequency, centrifugation conditions, extractant volume and sample concentration were analyzed and optimized at 25°C. Under the optimum conditions, it only takes 2 min to reach extraction equilibrium, and the solutions of sample can be separated by centrifugation in 4 min. After centrifugation, the concentrations in n-octanol phases are analyzed with gas chromatography. The method was further evaluated with eight reference compounds and the findings demonstrated that this method is suitable to determine the partition coefficients of organic compounds accurately and quickly. Next, the method was exploited to measure the partition coefficients of n-octanol-water containing 20 organic compounds, which cover the [Formula: see text] values from 0.05 to 4.36, with comparatively low relative standard deviation (RSD) directly. The results of this study illustrated that the RSD (n = 6) was under 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes (Tianjin Polytechnic University), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes (Tianjin Polytechnic University), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. China
| | - Shan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes (Tianjin Polytechnic University), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes (Tianjin Polytechnic University), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. China
| | - Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes (Tianjin Polytechnic University), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. China
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Analysis of Paraben Preservatives in Cosmetic Samples: Comparison of Three Different Dynamic Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction Methods. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liu X, Liang S, Pan J, Guo Y, Luo H, Zhao Q, Guan S. High-Throughput Determination of Nicotine in Plasma by Ultrasonication Enhanced Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction Prior to Gas Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:553-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Analytical sonochemistry; developments, applications, and hyphenations of ultrasound in sample preparation and analytical techniques. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-011-0160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractUltrasonic assistance is one of the great successes of modern analytical chemistry, which uses this energy for a variety of purposes in relation to sample preparation and development of methods for the analysis of numerous contaminants including organic and inorganic compounds. This review will attempt to provide an overview of more recent applications of ultrasound in different environmental and biological samples such as food, soil and water as well as a brief description of the theoretical understanding of this method. Also, the possibility of coupling ultrasound with other analytical techniques will be discussed.
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Array capillary in-tube solid-phase microextraction: A rapid preparation technique for water samples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1244:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Trends in liquid-phase microextraction, and its application to environmental and biological samples. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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