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Inman JL, Wu Y, Chen L, Brydon E, Ghosh D, Wan KH, De Chant J, Obst-Huebl L, Nakamura K, Ralston CY, Celniker SE, Mao JH, Zwart PH, Holman HYN, Chang H, Brown JB, Snijders AM. Long-term, non-invasive FTIR detection of low-dose ionizing radiation exposure. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6119. [PMID: 38480827 PMCID: PMC10937999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive methods of detecting radiation exposure show promise to improve upon current approaches to biological dosimetry in ease, speed, and accuracy. Here we developed a pipeline that employs Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the mid-infrared spectrum to identify a signature of low dose ionizing radiation exposure in mouse ear pinnae over time. Mice exposed to 0.1 to 2 Gy total body irradiation were repeatedly measured by FTIR at the stratum corneum of the ear pinnae. We found significant discriminative power for all doses and time-points out to 90 days after exposure. Classification accuracy was maximized when testing 14 days after exposure (specificity > 0.9 with a sensitivity threshold of 0.9) and dropped by roughly 30% sensitivity at 90 days. Infrared frequencies point towards biological changes in DNA conformation, lipid oxidation and accumulation and shifts in protein secondary structure. Since only hundreds of samples were used to learn the highly discriminative signature, developing human-relevant diagnostic capabilities is likely feasible and this non-invasive procedure points toward rapid, non-invasive, and reagent-free biodosimetry applications at population scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Inman
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yulun Wu
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ella Brydon
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Dhruba Ghosh
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Kenneth H Wan
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jared De Chant
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kei Nakamura
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Corie Y Ralston
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Susan E Celniker
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peter H Zwart
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hoi-Ying N Holman
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Hang Chang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - James B Brown
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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Multiscale spectroscopic analysis of lipids in dimorphic and oleaginous Mucor circinelloides accommodate sustainable targeted lipid production. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2023; 10:2. [PMID: 36647105 PMCID: PMC9843973 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-023-00148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleaginous fungi have versatile metabolism and able to transform a wide range of substrates into lipids, accounting up to 20-70% of their total cell mass. Therefore, oleaginous fungi are considered as an alternative source of lipids. Oleaginous fungi can accumulate mainly acyl glycerides and free fatty acids which are localized in lipid droplets. Some of the oleaginous fungi possessing promising lipid productivity are dimorphic and can exhibit three cell forms, flat hyphae, swollen hyphae and yeast-like cells. To develop sustainable targeted fungal lipid production, deep understanding of lipogenesis and lipid droplet chemistry in these cell forms is needed at multiscale level. In this study, we explored the potential of infrared spectroscopy techniques for examining lipid droplet formation and accumulation in different cell forms of the dimorphic and oleaginous fungus Mucor circinelloides. RESULTS Both transmission- and reflectance-based spectroscopy techniques are shown to be well suited for studying bulk fungal biomass. Exploring single cells with infrared microspectroscopy reveals differences in chemical profiles and, consequently, lipogenesis process, for different cell forms. Yeast-like cells of M. circinelloides exhibited the highest absorbance intensities for lipid-associated peaks in comparison to hyphae-like cell forms. Lipid-to-protein ratio, which is commonly used in IR spectroscopy to estimate lipid yield was the lowest in flat hyphae. Swollen hyphae are mainly composed of lipids and characterized by more uniform distribution of lipid-to-protein concentration. Yeast-like cells seem to be comprised mostly of lipids having the largest lipid-to-protein ratio among all studied cell forms. With infrared nanospectroscopy, variations in the ratios between lipid fractions triglycerides and free fatty acids and clear evidence of heterogeneity within and between lipid droplets are illustrated for the first time. CONCLUSIONS Vibrational spectroscopy techniques can provide comprehensive information on lipogenesis in dimorphic and oleaginous fungi at the levels of the bulk of cells, single cells and single lipid droplets. Unicellular spectra showed that various cell forms of M. circinelloides differs in the total lipid content and profile of the accumulated lipids, where yeast-like cells are the fatty ones and, therefore, could be considered as preferable cell form for producing lipid-rich biomass. Spectra of single lipid droplets showed an indication of possible droplet-to-droplet and within-droplet heterogeneity.
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3
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Beattie JW, Rowland-Jones RC, Farys M, Tran R, Kazarian SG, Byrne B. Insight into purification of monoclonal antibodies in industrial columns via studies of Protein A binding capacity by in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Analyst 2021; 146:5177-5185. [PMID: 34296229 PMCID: PMC8351638 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00985k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are effective treatments for a range of cancers and other serious diseases, however mAb treatments cost on average ∼$100 000 per year per patient, limiting their use. Currently, industry favours Protein A affinity chromatography (PrAc) as the key step in downstream processing of mAbs. This step, although highly efficient, represents a significant mAb production cost. Fouling of the Protein A column and Protein A ligand leaching contribute to the cost of mAb production by shortening the life span of the resin. In this study, we assessed the performance of used PrAc resin recovered from the middle inlet, center and outlet as well as the side inlet of a pilot-scale industrial column. We used a combination of static binding capacity (SBC) analysis and Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to explore the used resin samples. SBC analysis demonstrated that resin from the inlet of the column had lower binding capacity than resin from the column outlet. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with PLS (partial least square) analysis confirmed the results obtained from SBC analysis. Importantly, in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy also allowed both measurement of the concentration and assessment of the conformational state of the bound Protein A. Our results reveal that PrAc resin degradation after use is dependent on column location and that neither Protein A ligand leaching nor denaturation are responsible for binding capacity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Beattie
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK. and Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Ruth C Rowland-Jones
- Biopharm Process Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Monika Farys
- Biopharm Process Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Richard Tran
- Biopharm Process Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
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4
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Kuroda T, Chalimah S, Yao Y, Ikeda N, Sugimoto Y, Sakoda K. Apparatus for High-Precision Angle-Resolved Reflection Spectroscopy in the Mid-Infrared Region. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 75:259-264. [PMID: 32508118 PMCID: PMC7961735 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820931520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy is a versatile technique for studying the infrared (IR) optical response of solid-, liquid-, and gas-phase samples. In standard Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometers, a light beam passing through a Michelson interferometer is focused onto a sample with condenser optics. This design enables us to examine relatively small samples, but the large solid angle of the focused infrared beam makes it difficult to analyze angle-dependent characteristics. Here, we design and construct a high-precision angle-resolved reflection setup compatible with a commercial FT-IR spectrometer. Our setup converts the focused beam into an achromatically collimated beam with an angle dispersion as high as 0.25°. The setup also permits us to scan the incident angle over ∼8° across zero (normal incidence). The beam diameter can be reduced to ∼1 mm, which is limited by the sensitivity of an HgCdTe detector. The small-footprint apparatus is easily installed in an FT-IR sample compartment. As a demonstration of the capability of our reflection setup, we measure the angle-dependent mid-infrared reflectance of two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs and determine the in-plane dispersion relation in the vicinity of the Γ point in momentum space. We observe the formation of photonic Dirac cones, i.e., linear dispersions with an accidental degeneracy at Γ, in an ideally designed sample. Our apparatus is useful for characterizing various systems that have a strong in-plane anisotropy, including photonic crystal waveguides, plasmonic metasurfaces, and molecular crystalline films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuroda
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Siti Chalimah
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Yuanzhao Yao
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoki Ikeda
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Kazuaki Sakoda
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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5
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Tiernan H, Byrne B, Kazarian SG. Insight into Heterogeneous Distribution of Protein Aggregates at the Surface Layer Using Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4760-4764. [PMID: 32129602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used as therapeutics for the last few decades. It is necessary to investigate the stability of these mAbs under stress conditions and to elucidate aggregation mechanisms as a means of developing approaches which minimize the problem. Attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopic imaging allows probing of a sample at a depth of penetration of around 0.5-5 μm, which makes it suitable for the study of aggregated proteins when accumulated as a layer close to the surface of the ZnSe internal reflection element (IRE). Here, macro ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging, along with a variable angle of incidence accessory, have been used to differentiate between the secondary structure of proteins in bulk solution and those that have precipitated onto or near the ZnSe IRE surface. IgG spectra obtained from protein samples in individual wells have been averaged, extracted, and preprocessed, and the Amide I bands of the protein samples were compared and further analyzed to reveal protein distribution at the ZnSe IRE surface. These findings show depth profiling of IgG aggregates at the ZnSe IRE surface (0.5-5 μm) and do not follow a trend of decreasing protein presence with an increasing angle of incidence or increasing depth of penetration, suggesting an irregular distribution of aggregates in the z-direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Tiernan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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6
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Antifouling mechanism of the additive-free β-PVDF membrane in water purification process: Relating the surface electron donor monopolarity to membrane-foulant interactions. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Song CL, Kazarian SG. Three-dimensional depth profiling of prostate tissue by micro ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging with variable angles of incidence. Analyst 2019; 144:2954-2964. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01929k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Variable angle micro ATR-FTIR, via the insertion of circular apertures, was used to measure tissue samples at various penetration depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Li Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Sergei G. Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
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8
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Wrobel TP, Bhargava R. Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging Advances as an Analytical Technology for Biomedical Sciences. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1444-1463. [PMID: 29281255 PMCID: PMC6421863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P. Wrobel
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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9
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Ewing AV, Kazarian SG. Infrared spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging in forensic science. Analyst 2018; 142:257-272. [PMID: 27905577 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02244h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging, are robust, label free and inherently non-destructive methods with a high chemical specificity and sensitivity that are frequently employed in forensic science research and practices. This review aims to discuss the applications and recent developments of these methodologies in this field. Furthermore, the use of recently emerged Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging in transmission, external reflection and Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) modes are summarised with relevance and potential for forensic science applications. This spectroscopic imaging approach provides the opportunity to obtain the chemical composition of fingermarks and information about possible contaminants deposited at a crime scene. Research that demonstrates the great potential of these techniques for analysis of fingerprint residues, explosive materials and counterfeit drugs will be reviewed. The implications of this research for the examination of different materials are considered, along with an outlook of possible future research avenues for the application of vibrational spectroscopic methods to the analysis of forensic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Ewing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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10
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Wrobel TP, Vichi A, Baranska M, Kazarian SG. Micro-Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (Micro ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging with Variable Angles of Incidence. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 69:1170-1174. [PMID: 26449810 DOI: 10.1366/15-07963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The control of the angle of incidence in attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy allows for the probing of the sample at different depths of penetration of the evanescent wave. This approach has been recently coupled with macro-imaging capability using a diamond ATR accessory. In this paper, the design of optical apertures for the micro-germanium (Ge) ATR objective is presented for an FT-IR spectroscopic imaging microscope, allowing measurements with different angles of incidence. This approach provides the possibility of three-dimensional (3D) profiling in micro-ATR FT-IR imaging mode. The proof of principle results for measurements of polymer laminate samples at different angles of incidence confirm that controlling the depth of penetration is possible using a Ge ATR objective with added apertures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Wrobel
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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11
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Woods DA, Bain CD. Total internal reflection spectroscopy for studying soft matter. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:1071-1096. [PMID: 24651911 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52817k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Total internal reflection (TIR) spectroscopy is a widely used technique to study soft matter at interfaces. This tutorial review aims to provide researchers with an overview of the principles, experimental design and applications of TIR spectroscopy to enable them to understand how this class of techniques might be used in their research. It also highlights limitations and pitfalls of TIR techniques, which will assist readers in critically analysing the literature. Techniques covered include attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), TIR fluorescence, TIR Raman scattering and cavity-enhanced techniques. Other related techniques are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Woods
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
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12
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In vitro model systems for studying the impact of organic chemicals on the skin barrier lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:310-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Kazarian SG, Ewing AV. Applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging to tablet dissolution and drug release. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1207-21. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.801452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Wang X, Lee S, Miller K, Welbourn R, Stocker I, Clarke S, Casford M, Gutfreund P, Skoda MA. Cation bridging studied by specular neutron reflection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:5520-5527. [PMID: 23547891 PMCID: PMC3748452 DOI: 10.1021/la400767u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The binding of an anionic surfactant onto an anionic surface by addition of divalent ions is reported based on experimental data from specular neutron reflection (NR) and attenuated total internal reflection IR spectroscopy (ATR-IR). Similar measurements using monovalent ions (sodium) do not show any evidence of such adsorption, even though the amount of surfactant can be much higher. This data is interpreted in terms of the so-called bridging mechanism of ion binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Wang
- BP Institute
and Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, U.K
| | - Seung
Yeon Lee
- BP Institute
and Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, U.K
| | - Kathryn Miller
- BP Institute
and Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, U.K
| | - Rebecca Welbourn
- BP Institute
and Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, U.K
| | - Isabella Stocker
- BP Institute
and Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, U.K
| | - Stuart Clarke
- BP Institute
and Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, U.K
| | - Michael Casford
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Maximilian
W. A. Skoda
- ISIS, Rutherford
Appleton laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot, U.K
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15
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Kazarian SG, Chan KLA. ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging: recent advances and applications to biological systems. Analyst 2013; 138:1940-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an36865c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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17
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Bini L, Houben EJ, Pidko EA, Müller C, Vogt D. Nickel-catalyzed isomerization of 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile to 3-pentenenitrile: A kinetic study using in situ FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Catal Today 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2009.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Zhang K, Tay FR, Kim YK, Mitchell JK, Kim JR, Carrilho M, Pashley DH, Ling JQ. The effect of initial irrigation with two different sodium hypochlorite concentrations on the erosion of instrumented radicular dentin. Dent Mater 2010; 26:514-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Abstract
This review outlines progress in atomic force infrared microscopy, reviewing the methodology and its application in nanoscale infrared absorption imaging of both biological and functional materials, including an outline of where this emerging method has been applied to image cellular systems in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Rice
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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20
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Kazarian SG, Chan KLA. Micro- and macro-attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging. Plenary Lecture at the 5th International Conference on Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy, 2009, Melbourne, Australia. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:135A-152A. [PMID: 20482963 DOI: 10.1366/000370210791211673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging has become a very powerful method in chemical analysis. In this review paper we describe a variety of opportunities for obtaining FT-IR images using the attenuated total reflection (ATR) approach and provide an overview of fundamental aspects, accessories, and applications in both micro- and macro-ATR imaging modes. The advantages and versatility of both ATR imaging modes are discussed and the spatial resolution of micro-ATR imaging is demonstrated. Micro-ATR imaging has opened up many new areas of study that were previously precluded by inadequate spatial resolution (polymer blends, pharmaceutical tablets, cross-sections of blood vessels or hair, surface of skin, single live cells, cancerous tissues). Recent applications of ATR imaging in polymer research, biomedical and forensic sciences, objects of cultural heritage, and other complex materials are outlined. The latest advances include obtaining spatially resolved chemical images from different depths within a sample, and surface-enhanced images for macro-ATR imaging have also been presented. Macro-ATR imaging is a valuable approach for high-throughput analysis of materials under controlled environments. Opportunities exist for chemical imaging of dynamic aqueous systems, such as dissolution, diffusion, microfluidics, or imaging of dynamic processes in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, England
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21
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Andanson JM, Chan KLA, Kazarian SG. High-throughput spectroscopic imaging applied to permeation through the skin. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 63:512-7. [PMID: 19470207 DOI: 10.1366/000370209788347011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been successfully applied to study the permeation of substances through human skin in a high-throughput manner. The sample of skin was placed on the measuring surface of an attenuated total reflection (ATR) crystal and was divided into several areas. These areas were separated using a specially designed grid created on the surface of the skin and each area was subjected to a different combination of permeant and enhancer. ATR Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging was applied to measure the permeation of 12 liquid samples through a piece of skin smaller than 5 cm(2). This work demonstrated that, using the ATR-FT-IR imaging method, it is possible to measure and directly compare the transdermal processes of several permeants under identical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Andanson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
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22
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Andanson JM, Hadgraft J, Kazarian SG. In situ permeation study of drug through the stratum corneum using attenuated total reflectance [corrected] Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:034011. [PMID: 19566304 DOI: 10.1117/1.3130324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is one of the most chemically specific analytical methods that gives information about composition, structure, and interactions in a material. IR spectroscopy has been successfully applied to study the permeation of xenobiotics through the skin. Combining IR spectroscopy with an IR array detector led to the development of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging, which generates chemical information from different areas of a sample at the microscopic level. This is particularly important for heterogeneous samples, such as skin. Attenuated total reflectance [corrected] (ATR)-FTIR imaging has been applied to measure, in situ, the diffusion of benzyl nicotinate (BN) through the outer layer of human skin [stratum corneum (SC)]. In vitro experiments have demonstrated the heterogeneous distribution of SC surface lipids before the penetration of a saturated solution of BN. Image analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between the distribution of lipids and drugs, while ethanol appeared to be homogenously distributed in the SC. These results show the ability of ATR-FTIR imaging to measure simultaneously the affinities of drug and solvent to the lipid-rich and lipid-poor skin domains, respectively, during permeation. This information may be useful in better understanding drug-diffusion pathways through the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Andanson
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Trends in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:671-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Everall NJ, Priestnall IM, Clarke F, Jayes L, Poulter G, Coombs D, George MW. Preliminary investigations into macroscopic attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared imaging of intact spherical domains: spatial resolution and image distortion. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 63:313-320. [PMID: 19281647 DOI: 10.1366/000370209787598951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes preliminary investigations into the spatial resolution of macro attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging and the distortions that arise when imaging intact, convex domains, using spheres as an extreme example. The competing effects of shallow evanescent wave penetration and blurring due to finite spatial resolution meant that spheres within the range 20-140 microm all appeared to be approximately the same size ( approximately 30-35 microm) when imaged with a numerical aperture (NA) of approximately 0.2. A very simple model was developed that predicted this extreme insensitivity to particle size. On the basis of these studies, it is anticipated that ATR imaging at this NA will be insensitive to the size of intact highly convex objects. A higher numerical aperture device should give a better estimate of the size of small spheres, owing to superior spatial resolution, but large spheres should still appear undersized due to the shallow sampling depth. An estimate of the point spread function (PSF) was required in order to develop and apply the model. The PSF was measured by imaging a sharp interface; assuming an Airy profile, the PSF width (distance from central maximum to first minimum) was estimated to be approximately 20 and 30 microm for IR bands at 1600 and 1000 cm(-1), respectively. This work has two significant limitations. First, underestimation of domain size only arises when imaging intact convex objects; if surfaces are prepared that randomly and representatively section through domains, the images can be analyzed to calculate parameters such as domain size, area, and volume. Second, the model ignores reflection and refraction and assumes weak absorption; hence, the predicted intensity profiles are not expected to be accurate; they merely give a rough estimate of the apparent sphere size. Much further work is required to place the field of quantitative ATR-FT-IR imaging on a sound basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Everall
- Intertek-MSG, The Wilton Centre, Wilton, Redcar, TS104RF, United Kingdom.
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Boncheva M, Tay FH, Kazarian SG. Application of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared imaging and tape-stripping to investigate the three-dimensional distribution of exogenous chemicals and the molecular organization in Stratum corneum. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2008; 13:064009. [PMID: 19123656 DOI: 10.1117/1.3006072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging combined with tape-stripping is an advantageous approach to map the depth penetration and lateral distribution of topically applied chemicals in Stratum corneum (SC) and the conformational order of SC lipids. Tape-stripping progressively removes layers of SC, and chemical imaging provides spatially resolved information on the chemical composition of both the newly exposed SC surface and of the tapes used for stripping. The procedure is rapid, minimally invasive, and does not necessitate cross-sectioning of the skin. This approach offers a simple and direct way to determine the distribution of exogenous volatile and non-volatile chemicals in SC as a function of the chemical composition of the formulation and time, and the conformational order of SC lipids in native and topically treated skin. The procedure described here is well suited to address questions of relevance for the areas of drug delivery, dermatology, and skin care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Boncheva
- Firmenich SA Corporate R&D Division, PO Box 239, Route des Jeunes 1, CH-1211 Geneva 8 Switzerland.
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Chan KLA, Kazarian SG. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared imaging of large areas using inverted prism crystals and combining imaging and mapping. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 62:1095-1101. [PMID: 18926018 DOI: 10.1366/000370208786049042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) imaging is a very useful tool for capturing chemical images of various materials due to the simple sample preparation and the ability to measure wet samples or samples in an aqueous environment. However, the size of the array detector used for image acquisition is often limited and there is usually a trade off between spatial resolution and the field of view (FOV). The combination of mapping and imaging can be used to acquire images with a larger FOV without sacrificing spatial resolution. Previous attempts have demonstrated this using an infrared microscope and a Germanium hemispherical ATR crystal to achieve images of up to 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm but with varying spatial resolution and depth of penetration across the imaged area. In this paper, we demonstrate a combination of mapping and imaging with a different approach using an external optics housing for large ATR accessories and inverted ATR prisms to achieve ATR-FT-IR images with a large FOV and reasonable spatial resolution. The results have shown that a FOV of 10 mm x 14 mm can be obtained with a spatial resolution of approximately 40-60 microm when using an accessory that gives no magnification. A FOV of 1.3 mm x 1.3 mm can be obtained with spatial resolution of approximately 15-20 microm when using a diamond ATR imaging accessory with 4x magnification. No significant change in image quality such as spatial resolution or depth of penetration has been observed across the whole FOV with this method and the measurement time was approximately 15 minutes for an image consisting of 16 image tiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Andrew Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Chan KLA, Tay FH, Poulter G, Kazarian SG. Chemical imaging with variable angles of incidence using a diamond attenuated total reflection accessory. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 62:1102-1107. [PMID: 18926019 DOI: 10.1366/000370208786049222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new development in Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging using a diamond attenuated total reflection (ATR) imaging accessory in a novel manner that allows the angle of incidence to be varied in order to obtain images from subsurface layers of different thickness is introduced. Chemical images of samples from the same area but with different depths of penetration are obtained by changing the angle of incidence as well as using different spectral bands at different wavenumbers. Changes in the angle of incidence with this accessory were made possible by taking advantage of the relatively large numerical aperture employed by the original imaging optics. This arrangement allowed us to introduce an additional movable aperture in the optical design to restrict the angle of incidence to certain values. Two samples have been studied, one for the calibration of the angle of incidence while the other demonstrates the capability of obtaining three-dimensional (3D) information using this approach. Advantages of this new approach include the relatively high spatial resolution (it can spatially resolve features as small as 12 mum without a microscope) and no change in the imaging area and sampling area during manipulation of the angle of incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Andrew Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Pharmaceutical applications of vibrational chemical imaging and chemometrics: a review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:533-53. [PMID: 18819769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of chemical imaging (CI) has gifted spectroscopy an additional dimension. Chemical imaging systems complement chemical identification by acquiring spatially located spectra that enable visualization of chemical compound distributions. Such techniques are highly relevant to pharmaceutics in that the distribution of excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredient informs not only a product's behavior during manufacture but also its physical attributes (dissolution properties, stability, etc.). The rapid image acquisition made possible by the emergence of focal plane array detectors, combined with publication of the Food and Drug Administration guidelines for process analytical technology in 2001, has heightened interest in the pharmaceutical applications of CI, notably as a tool for enhancing drug quality and understanding process. Papers on the pharmaceutical applications of CI have been appearing in steadily increasing numbers since 2000. The aim of the present paper is to give an overview of infrared, near-infrared and Raman imaging in pharmaceutics. Sections 2 and 3 deal with the theory, device set-ups, mode of acquisition and processing techniques used to extract information of interest. Section 4 addresses the pharmaceutical applications.
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Martin de Fonjaudran C, Nevin A, Piqué F, Cather S. Stratigraphic analysis of organic materials in wall painting samples using micro-FTIR attenuated total reflectance and a novel sample preparation technique. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:77-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Boncheva M, Damien F, Normand V. Molecular organization of the lipid matrix in intact Stratum corneum using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:1344-55. [PMID: 18298945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is useful in investigating the lateral organization of Stratum corneum (SC) lipids in full-thickness skin. Based on studies of the thermotropic phase transitions in n-tricosane and in excised human skin, the temperature dependence of the CH2 scissoring bandwidth emerged as a measure of the extent of orthorhombic and hexagonal phases. This dependence provides a simpler measure of the lateral order in lipid assemblies than the common spectroscopic approaches based on difference spectra, curve fitting of the CH2 scissoring region, and the position of the CH2 stretching vibrations. It has the advantages of ease of determination, relatively low variability, and high discriminative power for the type of lateral intermolecular chain packing. A comparison of the lateral organization of the lipids at the SC surface of mammalian skin using the scissoring bandwidth revealed considerable differences between human abdominal skin (containing mostly orthorhombic phases), porcine ear skin (containing mostly hexagonal phases), and reconstructed human epidermis (containing mostly disordered phases). This parameter also correctly described the different effects of propylene glycol (minimally disturbing) and oleic acid (formation of a highly disordered phase) on the SC lipids in excised human skin. The procedure described here is applicable to in vivo studies in the areas of dermatology, transdermal drug delivery, and skin biophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Boncheva
- Corporate R&D Division, Firmenich SA, P.O. Box 239, Route des Jeunes 1, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland.
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Andrew Chan KL, Kazarian SG. Chemical imaging of the stratum corneum under controlled humidity with the attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:044010. [PMID: 17867814 DOI: 10.1117/1.2754686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging was applied to study human stratum corneum (SC) tissue, the outermost layer of the skin. This imaging approach was combined with a controlled environment cell to demonstrate the possibility of obtaining chemical images of SC exposed to a wide range of relative humidities and diffusion of ethanol through the SC tissue with a specially designed liquid cell. The effect of water vapor sorbed into the SC on the distribution of other components in the SC was studied. Principal component analysis was applied in conjunction with univariate analysis to differentiate the distribution of different components in the SC. Swelling of the SC, a heterogeneous distribution of natural moisturizing factor and water, was detected upon the increase of relative humidity. The approach to image the penetration of liquid ethanol into the SC was also demonstrated and showed good potential and implications for studying transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Andrew Chan
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Kazarian SG. Enhancing high-throughput technology and microfluidics with FTIR spectroscopic imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:529-32. [PMID: 17333141 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 02/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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