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Commercial milk discrimination by fat content and animal origin using optical absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Kilcawley K, Hennessy D, Tobin JT, O'Callaghan TF. Raman spectroscopy: A rapid method to assess the effects of pasture feeding on the nutritional quality of butter. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8721-8731. [PMID: 32773315 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The animal diet is a critical variable affecting the composition and functionality of dairy products. As "Grass-Fed" labeling becomes more prominent on the market, rapid and label-free methods for verification of feeding systems are required. This work proposes the use of Raman spectroscopy to study the effects of 3 different experimental cow feeding systems-perennial ryegrass pasture, perennial ryegrass with white clover pasture, and an indoor total mixed ration diet (TMR)-on the nutritional quality of sweet cream butter. The results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis is a promising approach to distinguish butter derived from pasture or conventional TMR feeding systems. A Pearson correlation analysis confirmed high positive correlations between the spectral bin at 1,657 cm-1, ascribed to the stretching vibrations of C=C bonds, and concentrations of α-linolenic acid and conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) in butter, and in general with the concentration of n-3 and n-3+CLA fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the samples. The yellow color indicative of the presence of carotenoids in butter, which has previously been suggested as a biomarker of pasture or "Grass-Fed" feeding, was also positively correlated with the data obtained from the Raman spectra. Raman spectroscopy could also be used to accurately predict indicators of the nutritional quality of butter, such as the thrombogenic index, which showed a strong negative correlation with the spectral bin at 3,023 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Gómez-Mascaraque
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland; VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 P302, Ireland.
| | - K Kilcawley
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - D Hennessy
- VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 P302, Ireland; Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 P302, Ireland
| | - J T Tobin
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland; VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 P302, Ireland
| | - T F O'Callaghan
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland; VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 P302, Ireland
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Investigation of the Applicability of Raman Spectroscopy as Online Process Control during Consumer Milk Production. CHEMENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering4030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Online detection of product defects using fast spectroscopic measurements is beneficial for producers in the dairy industry since it allows readjustment of product characteristics or redirection of product streams during production. Raman spectroscopy has great potential for such application due to the fast and simple measurement. Its suitability as online sensor for process control was investigated at typical control points in consumer milk production being raw milk storage, standardization, and heat treatment. Additionally, the appropriateness of Raman spectroscopy to act as indicator for product application parameters was investigated using the example of barista foam. To assess the suitability of a pure online system, the merit of Raman spectra was evaluated by a principal component analysis (PCA). Thereby, proteolytic spoilage due to the presence of extracellular enzymes of Pseudomonas sp. was detected and samples based on the applied heat treatment (extended shelf life (ESL) and ultra-high temperature (UHT)) could be separated. A correlation of the content of free fatty acids and foam stability with spectra of the respective milk samples was found, allowing a prediction of the technofunctional quality criterion “Barista” suitability of a UHT milk. The results underlined the suitability of Raman spectroscopy for the detection of deviations from a defined product standard of consumer milk.
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He H, Sun DW, Pu H, Chen L, Lin L. Applications of Raman spectroscopic techniques for quality and safety evaluation of milk: A review of recent developments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 59:770-793. [PMID: 30614242 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1528436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Milk is a complete nutrient source for humans. The quality and safety of milk are critical for both producers and consumers, thereby the dairy industry requires rapid and nondestructive methods to ensure milk quality and safety. However, conventional methods are time-consuming and laborious, and require complicated preparation procedures. Therefore, the exploration of new milk analytical methods is essential. This current review introduces the principles of Raman spectroscopy and presents recent advances since 2012 of Raman spectroscopic techniques mainly involving surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), fourier-transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy, near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy for milk analysis including milk compositions, microorganisms and antibiotic residues in milk, as well as milk adulterants. Additionally, some challenges and future outlooks are proposed. The current review shows that Raman spectroscopic techniques have the promising potential for providing rapid and nondestructive detection of milk parameters. However, the application of Raman spectroscopy on milk analysis is not common yet since some limitations of Raman spectroscopy need to be overcome before making it a routine tool for the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong He
- a School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , China.,b Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering , South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre , Guangzhou 510006 , China.,c Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- a School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , China.,b Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering , South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre , Guangzhou 510006 , China.,c Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre , Guangzhou 510006 , China.,d Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre , University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Hongbin Pu
- a School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , China.,b Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering , South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre , Guangzhou 510006 , China.,c Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Lijun Chen
- e Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co., Ltd , Beijing , China
| | - Li Lin
- e Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co., Ltd , Beijing , China
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Tao F, Ngadi M. Applications of spectroscopic techniques for fat and fatty acids analysis of dairy foods. Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Jha SN, Jaiswal P, Grewal MK, Gupta M, Bhardwaj R. Detection of Adulterants and Contaminants in Liquid Foods-A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:1662-84. [PMID: 25975571 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.798257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Milk and fruit juices have paramount importance in human diet. Increasing demand of these liquid foods has made them vulnerable to economic adulteration during processing and in supply chain. Adulterants are difficult to detect by consumers and thus necessitating the requirement of rapid, accurate and sensitive detection. The potential adulterants in milk and fruit juices and their limits set by different regulatory bodies have been briefly described in this review. Potential advantages and limitations of various techniques such as physicochemical methods, chromatography, immunoassays, molecular, electrical, spectroscopy with chemometrics, electronic nose, and biosensors have been described. Spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics has shown potential for rapid, precise, and sensitive detection of potential adulterants in these liquid foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Narayan Jha
- a Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Postharvest Engineering & Technology , Ludhiana , India
| | - Pranita Jaiswal
- a Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Postharvest Engineering & Technology , Ludhiana , India
| | - Manpreet Kaur Grewal
- a Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Postharvest Engineering & Technology , Ludhiana , India
| | - Mansha Gupta
- a Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Postharvest Engineering & Technology , Ludhiana , India
| | - Rishi Bhardwaj
- a Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Postharvest Engineering & Technology , Ludhiana , India
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Bin J, Ai F, Fan W, Zhou J, Zhang Z. Rapid Determination of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oil by Raman Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1079209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mazurek S, Szostak R, Czaja T, Zachwieja A. Analysis of milk by FT-Raman spectroscopy. Talanta 2015; 138:285-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Quantitative assessment of the degree of lipid unsaturation in intact Mortierella by Raman microspectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3303-11. [PMID: 25757824 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Mortierella can accumulate large amounts of unusual lipids depending on species, strain, and growth conditions. Fast and easy determination of key parameters of lipid quality for these samples is required. In this contribution, we apply Raman microspectroscopy to determine the degree of unsaturation for fungal lipids directly inside intact hyphae without elaborate sample handling. Six Mortierella species were grown under varying conditions, and Raman spectra of single lipid vesicles were acquired. From the spectra, we calculate a peak intensity ratio I(1270 cm(-1))/I(1445 cm(-1)) from the signals of =CH and -CH2/-CH3 groups, respectively. This ratio is linked to the iodine value (IV) using spectra of reference compounds with known IV. IVs of fungal samples are compared to gas chromatography results. Values from both methods are in good accordance. Lipid composition is found to vary between the investigated species, with Mortierella alpina having the most unsaturated lipid (IV up to 280) and Mortierella exigua the least unsaturated (IV as low as 70). We find Raman microspectroscopy a suitable tool to determine the IV reliably, fast, and easily inside intact hyphae without extensive sample handling or treatment. The method can also be transferred to other microscopic samples.
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