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Cavalleri Sousa T, de Oliveira CB, Silva Ricardo ML, Musa de Aquino A, Scarano WR, Cruz Veras AS, Almeida Tavares ME, Teixeira GR, Castillho ACD, Pacagnelli FL, Zalotti Brandt J, de Oliveira Mendes L. Prostate histological investigation in rats exposed to bisphenol a and phytochemicals during the perinatal period and subjected to hormonal stimulus in adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:201-212. [PMID: 36319067 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2140127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmentally dispersed chemical associated with tumor development. Phytochemicals such as indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and genistein (GEN) have chemoprotective effects on tumor cells. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prostatic morphological aspects of rats exposed to BPA, GEN, and I3C during the perinatal period and submitted to hormonal stimulus in adulthood. Blood was collected to obtain hormone concentrations. Slides stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and picrosirius were subjected to fractal, stereological, morphometric, and collagen quantification analysis. I3C decreased the plasma dihydrotestosterone levels, and both phytochemicals increased the plasma estrogen levels. Unlike phytochemicals, BPA did not alter any of the parameters evaluated. GEN reduced the epithelial height, while I3C increased the fractal dimension and stromal collagen. Although BPA did not alter the prostate morphology, the phytochemicals provided beneficial effects for the prostate histological organization in adult animals subjected to hormonal stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thainá Cavalleri Sousa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Silva Ricardo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | | | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Francis Lopes Pacagnelli
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
- Master Program in Health Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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2
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Sousa TC, de Souza LP, Ricardo MLS, Yoshigae AY, Hinokuma KD, Gorzoni ABR, de Aquino AM, Scarano WR, de Sousa Castillho AC, Tavares MEA, Veras ASC, Teixeira GR, Nai GA, de Oliveira Mendes L. Long exposure to a mixture of endocrine disruptors prediposes the ventral prostate of rats to preneoplastic lesions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:104015-104028. [PMID: 37697193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (ED) are compounds dispersed in the environment that modify hormone biosynthesis, affecting hormone-dependent organs such as the prostate. Studies have only focused on evaluating the effects of ED alone or in small groups and short intervals and have not adequately portrayed human exposure. Therefore, we characterized the prostate histoarchitecture of rats exposed to an ED mixture (ED Mix) mimicking human exposure. Pregnant females of the Sprague-Dawley strain were randomly distributed into two experimental groups: Control group (vehicle: corn oil, by gavage) and ED Mix group: received 32.11 mg/kg/day of the ED mixture diluted in corn oil (2 ml/kg), by gavage, from gestational day 7 (DG7) to post-natal day 21 (DPN21). After weaning at DPN22, the male pups continued to receive the complete DE mixture until they were 220 days old when they were euthanized. The ED Mix decreased the epithelial compartment, increased the fractal dimension, and decreased glandular dilation. In addition, low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was observed in addition to regions of epithelial atrophy in the group exposed to the ED Mix. Exposure to the mixture decreased both types I and III collagen area in the stroma. We concluded that the ED Mix was able to cause alterations in the prostatic histoarchitecture and induce the appearance of preneoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaina Cavalleri Sousa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Pereira de Souza
- Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), R. José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Silva Ricardo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia Yuri Yoshigae
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Karianne Delalibera Hinokuma
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Ratto Gorzoni
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anthony César de Sousa Castillho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Alice Santos Cruz Veras
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 572 - Bairro do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19067-175, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 572 - Bairro do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19067-175, Brazil.
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3
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Lima BJP, de Oliveira GRL, Sousa TC, de Aquino AM, Hinokuma KD, Ricardo MLS, Scarano WR, Castilho ACDS, Pacagnelli FL, Martinez FE, Mendes LDO. Fractal analysis is a useful tool for evaluating prostate tissue remodeling caused by ethanol consumption and androgen therapy. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230072. [PMID: 37795198 PMCID: PMC10546910 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol has been widely consumed for centuries and is linked to the aggravation of diseases. Several studies have shown that excessive consumption of ethanol results in morphophysiological changes in the male reproductive system. One of the effects of ethanol is the decrease in testosterone concentration and hormonal therapies are an alternative to minimize the changes resulting from chronic alcoholism. Qualitative studies were commonly carried out to evaluate the male histopathological alterations resulting from ethanol consumption, being necessary quantitative and non-subjective techniques. This study analyzes the importance of fractal analysis as a useful tool to identify and quantify tissue remodeling in rats submitted to ethanol consumption and hormone therapy with testosterone. Prostate of animals submitted to chronic ethanol consumption showed tissue disorganization, which was confirmed by an increasing of fractal dimension. Regarding the prostatic stroma, collagen fractal dimension and quantification revealed lower values in animals that were only submitted to androgen therapy. Thus, we can conclude that the fractal analysis was a useful tool to quantify tissue changes caused by ethanol consumption and androgen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Jardim Pereira Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Thainá Cavalleri Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Ariana Musa de Aquino
- Departmento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Silva Ricardo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
- Departmento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Francis Lopes Pacagnelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Francisco Eduardo Martinez
- Departmento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
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Rancu A, Chen CX, Price H, Wax A. Multiscale optical phase fluctuations link disorder strength and fractal dimension of cell structure. Biophys J 2023; 122:1390-1399. [PMID: 36872604 PMCID: PMC10111344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical methods for examining cellular structure based on endogenous contrast rely on analysis of refractive index changes to discriminate cell phenotype. These changes can be visualized using techniques such as phase contrast microscopy, detected by light scattering, or analyzed numerically using quantitative phase imaging. The statistical variations of refractive index at the nanoscale can be quantified using disorder strength, a metric seen to increase with neoplastic change. In contrast, the spatial organization of these variations is typically characterized using a fractal dimension, which is also seen to increase with cancer progression. Here, we seek to link these two measurements using multiscale measurements of optical phase to calculate disorder strength and in turn to determine the fractal dimension of the structures. First, quantitative phase images are analyzed to show that the disorder strength metric changes with resolution. The trend of disorder strength with length scales is analyzed to determine the fractal dimension of the cellular structures. Comparison of these metrics is presented for different cell lines with varying phenotypes including MCF10A, MCF7, BT474, HT-29, A431, and A549 cell lines, in addition to three cell populations with modified phenotypes. Our results show that disorder strength and fractal dimension can both be obtained with quantitative phase imaging and that these metrics can independently distinguish between different cell lines. Furthermore, their combined use presents a new approach for better understanding cellular restructuring during different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Rancu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cindy X Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hillel Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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5
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Vardaki MZ, Kourkoumelis N. Tissue Phantoms for Biomedical Applications in Raman Spectroscopy: A Review. Biomed Eng Comput Biol 2020; 11:1179597220948100. [PMID: 32884391 PMCID: PMC7440735 DOI: 10.1177/1179597220948100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a group of analytical techniques, currently applied in several research fields, including clinical diagnostics. Tissue-mimicking optical phantoms have been established as an essential intermediate stage for medical applications with their employment from spectroscopic techniques to be constantly growing. This review outlines the types of tissue phantoms currently employed in different biomedical applications of Raman spectroscopy, focusing on their composition and optical properties. It is therefore an attempt to present an informed range of options for potential use to the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Z Vardaki
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kourkoumelis
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Choi SSS, Mandelis A. Review of the state of the art in cardiovascular endoscopy imaging of atherosclerosis using photoacoustic techniques with pulsed and continuous-wave optical excitations. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-15. [PMID: 31414585 PMCID: PMC6983488 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.8.080902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular photoacoustics (IV-PA) is an emerging atherosclerosis imaging modality that provides chemical-specific optical information of arterial walls with acoustic depth penetration and resolution. As lipid composition of atherosclerotic plaques is considered to be one of the primary indicators for plaque vulnerability, many IV-PA applications are calibrated so as to target plaque necrotic cores. Based on the mode of optical excitation and the corresponding signal processing technique, IV-PA is categorized into two different modalities. The pulse-based IV-PA has been the universal IV-PA imaging mode with its high peak power and straightforward time-domain signal processing technique. As an alternative, the low power continuous-wave (CW)-based IV-PA has been under intense development as a radar-like frequency-domain signal processing modality. The two state-of-the-art types of IV-PA are reviewed in terms of their physics and imaging capabilities, with major emphasis on frequency-swept CW-based IV-PA that has been recently introduced in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Sean Choi
- University of Toronto, Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave and Photoacoustic Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreas Mandelis
- University of Toronto, Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave and Photoacoustic Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Liu L, Wan W, Qin Z, Zhang L, Jiang J, Wang Y, Gao F, Zhao H. Determination of optical properties of turbid medium from relative interstitial CW radiance measurements using the incomplete P3 approximation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:25295-25309. [PMID: 29041198 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.025295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial determination of the tissue optical properties is important in biomedicine, especially for interstitial laser therapies. Continuous wave (CW) radiance techniques which examine light from multiple directions have been proposed as minimally invasive methods for determining the optical properties under an interstitial probe arrangement. However, both the fitting algorithm based on the P3 approximation and the analytical method based on the diffusion approximation (DA), which are currently used recovery algorithms, cannot extract the optical properties of tissue with low transport albedos accurately from radiance measurements. In this paper, we proposed an incomplete P3 approximation for the radiance, the P3in for short, which is the asymptotic part of the solution for the P3 approximation. The relative differences between the P3in and the P3 were within 0.48% over a wide range of clinically relevant optical properties for measurements at source detector separations (SDS) from 5 mm to 10 mm and angles from 0° to 160°. Based on the P3in, we developed an analytical method for extracting the optical properties directly using simple expressions constructed from the radiance measurements at only two SDSs and four angles. The developed recovery algorithm was verified by simulated and experimental radiance data. The results show that both the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were recovered accurately with relative errors within 5.28% and 3.86%, respectively, from the simulated data and with relative errors within 10.82% and 10.67%, respectively, from the experimental data over a wide range of albedos from 0.5 to 0.99. Since the developed P3in-based radiance technique can obtain the optical properties rapidly from the measurements at only two SDSs and four angles, it is expected to be used for in vivo and in situ determination of the optical properties in online treatment planning during laser therapies.
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Mitcham T, Taghavi H, Long J, Wood C, Fuentes D, Stefan W, Ward J, Bouchard R. Photoacoustic-based sO 2 estimation through excised bovine prostate tissue with interstitial light delivery. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2017; 7:47-56. [PMID: 28794990 PMCID: PMC5540703 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is capable of probing blood oxygen saturation (sO2), which has been shown to correlate with tissue hypoxia, a promising cancer biomarker. However, wavelength-dependent local fluence changes can compromise sO2 estimation accuracy in tissue. This work investigates using PA imaging with interstitial irradiation and local fluence correction to assess precision and accuracy of sO2 estimation of blood samples through ex vivo bovine prostate tissue ranging from 14% to 100% sO2. Study results for bovine blood samples at distances up to 20 mm from the irradiation source show that local fluence correction improved average sO2 estimation error from 16.8% to 3.2% and maintained an average precision of 2.3% when compared to matched CO-oximeter sO2 measurements. This work demonstrates the potential for future clinical translation of using fluence-corrected and interstitially driven PA imaging to accurately and precisely assess sO2 at depth in tissue with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Mitcham
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Houra Taghavi
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James Long
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cayla Wood
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Fuentes
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wolfgang Stefan
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John Ward
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard Bouchard
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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9
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Xu M. Plum pudding random medium model of biological tissue toward remote microscopy from spectroscopic light scattering. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2879-2895. [PMID: 28663913 PMCID: PMC5480436 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biological tissue has a complex structure and exhibits rich spectroscopic behavior. There has been no tissue model until now that has been able to account for the observed spectroscopy of tissue light scattering and its anisotropy. Here we present, for the first time, a plum pudding random medium (PPRM) model for biological tissue which succinctly describes tissue as a superposition of distinctive scattering structures (plum) embedded inside a fractal continuous medium of background refractive index fluctuation (pudding). PPRM faithfully reproduces the wavelength dependence of tissue light scattering and attributes the "anomalous" trend in the anisotropy to the plum and the powerlaw dependence of the reduced scattering coefficient to the fractal scattering pudding. Most importantly, PPRM opens up a novel venue of quantifying the tissue architecture and microscopic structures on average from macroscopic probing of the bulk with scattered light alone without tissue excision. We demonstrate this potential by visualizing the fine microscopic structural alterations in breast tissue (adipose, glandular, fibrocystic, fibroadenoma, and ductal carcinoma) deduced from noncontact spectroscopic measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Physics, Fairfield University, 1073 North Benson Road, Fairfield, CT 06824,
USA
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10
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Bodenschatz N, Lam S, Carraro A, Korbelik J, Miller DM, McAlpine JN, Lee M, Kienle A, MacAulay C. Diffuse optical microscopy for quantification of depth-dependent epithelial backscattering in the cervix. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:66001. [PMID: 27251077 PMCID: PMC8357336 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.6.066001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A fiber optic imaging approach is presented using structured illumination for quantification of almost pure epithelial backscattering. We employ multiple spatially modulated projection patterns and camera-based reflectance capture to image depth-dependent epithelial scattering. The potential diagnostic value of our approach is investigated on cervical ex vivo tissue specimens. Our study indicates a strong backscattering increase in the upper part of the cervical epithelium caused by dysplastic microstructural changes. Quantization of relative depth-dependent backscattering is confirmed as a potentially useful diagnostic feature for detection of precancerous lesions in cervical squamous epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Bodenschatz
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, Helmholtzstr. 12, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Imaging Department, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Address all correspondence to: Nico Bodenschatz, E-mail:
| | - Sylvia Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Imaging Department, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Anita Carraro
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Imaging Department, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jagoda Korbelik
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Imaging Department, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Dianne M. Miller
- University of British Columbia, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Jessica N. McAlpine
- University of British Columbia, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Marette Lee
- University of British Columbia, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Alwin Kienle
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, Helmholtzstr. 12, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Calum MacAulay
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Imaging Department, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
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11
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Vardaki MZ, Matousek P, Stone N. Characterisation of signal enhancements achieved when utilizing a photon diode in deep Raman spectroscopy of tissue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:2130-2141. [PMID: 27375932 PMCID: PMC4918570 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We characterise the performance of a beam enhancing element ('photon diode') for use in deep Raman spectroscopy (DRS) of biological tissues. The optical component enhances the number of laser photons coupled into a tissue sample by returning escaping photons back into it at the illumination zone. The method is compatible with transmission Raman spectroscopy, a deep Raman spectroscopy concept, and its implementation leads to considerable enhancement of detected Raman photon rates. In the past, the enhancement concept was demonstrated with a variety of samples (pharmaceutical tablets, tissue, etc) but it was not systematically characterized with biological tissues. In this study, we investigate the enhancing properties of the photon diode in the transmission Raman geometry as a function of: a) the depth and b) the optical properties of tissue samples. Liquid tissue phantoms were employed to facilitate systematic variation of optical properties. These were chosen to mimic optical properties of human tissues, including breast and prostate. The obtained results evidence that a photon diode can enhance Raman signals of tissues by a maximum of × 2.4, although it can also decrease the signals created towards the back of samples that exhibit high scattering or absorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Z Vardaki
- School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Pavel Matousek
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK;
| | - Nicholas Stone
- School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK;
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12
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Samadinia H, Razaghi MR, Nezhad MH, Rafii-Tabar H, Sasanpour P. Effect of size and geometry of gold nanostructures in performance of laser-based hyperthermia: a multiscale- multiphysics modelling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/673/1/012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Glaser AK, Chen Y, Liu JT. Fractal propagation method enables realistic optical microscopy simulations in biological tissues. OPTICA 2016; 3:861-869. [PMID: 28983499 PMCID: PMC5626453 DOI: 10.1364/optica.3.000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Current simulation methods for light transport in biological media have limited efficiency and realism when applied to three-dimensional microscopic light transport in biological tissues with refractive heterogeneities. We describe here a technique which combines a beam propagation method valid for modeling light transport in media with weak variations in refractive index, with a fractal model of refractive index turbulence. In contrast to standard simulation methods, this fractal propagation method (FPM) is able to accurately and efficiently simulate the diffraction effects of focused beams, as well as the microscopic heterogeneities present in tissue that result in scattering, refractive beam steering, and the aberration of beam foci. We validate the technique and the relationship between the FPM model parameters and conventional optical parameters used to describe tissues, and also demonstrate the method's flexibility and robustness by examining the steering and distortion of Gaussian and Bessel beams in tissue with comparison to experimental data. We show that the FPM has utility for the accurate investigation and optimization of optical microscopy methods such as light-sheet, confocal, and nonlinear microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam K. Glaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Corresponding author:
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan T.C. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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14
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Nader CA, Nassif R, Pellen F, Le Jeune B, Le Brun G, Abboud M. Influence of size, proportion, and absorption coefficient of spherical scatterers on the degree of light polarization and the grain size of speckle pattern. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:10369-10375. [PMID: 26836860 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.010369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the evolution of speckle pattern polarimetric parameters in response to controlled changes in scatterer sizes, proportions, and the absorption coefficient in media. The experimental study was performed on mixtures of polystyrene microspheres with dye in order to ensure biological medium-like properties. The speckle grain sizes and degrees of polarization for linear and circular light were monitored. We observed helicity flipping in the degree of circular polarization for small scatterer proportion around 25%. Furthermore, linear depolarization decreased slightly for media containing more small particles. Good agreement was shown with numerical results computed using a Monte Carlo simulation of polarized light taking into account our experimental configuration. Speckle grain size also evolves with the increase of small scatterers as well as the media absorption coefficient. Such variations of properties are encountered during fruit maturation, in tissues in precancerous stages, and any transformation that causes a modification in particle proportions and absorption coefficient in biological media. The computed parameters proved to be sensitive to these changes.
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Sircan-Kuçuksayan A, Denkceken T, Canpolat M. Differentiating cancerous tissues from noncancerous tissues using single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy with different fiber diameters. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:115007. [PMID: 26590218 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.11.115007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Elastic light-scattering spectra acquired with single-fiber optical probes with diameters of 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, and 1500 μm were used to differentiate cancerous from noncancerous prostate tissues. The spectra were acquired ex vivo on 24 excised prostate tissue samples collected from four patients. For each probe, the spectra and histopathology results were compared in order to investigate the correlation between the core diameters of the single-fiber optical probe and successful differentiation between cancerous and noncancerous prostate tissues. The spectra acquired using probes with a fiber core diameter of 400 μm or smaller successfully differentiated cancerous from noncancerous prostate tissues. Next, the spectra were acquired from monosized polystyrene microspheres with a diameter of 5.00±0.01 μm to investigate the correlation between the core diameters of the probes and the Mie oscillations on the spectra. Monte Carlo simulations of the light distribution of the tissue phantoms were run to interrogate whether the light detected by the probes with different fiber core diameters was in the ballistic or diffusive regime. If the single-fiber optical probes detect light in the ballistic regime, the spectra can be used to differentiate between cancerous and noncancerous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslinur Sircan-Kuçuksayan
- Akdeniz University, Department of Biophysics, Biomedical Optics Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar Bulvari, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Tuba Denkceken
- Sanko University, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Incilipinar Mah. Gazi Muhtar Pasa Bulvari, No. 36, Gaziantep 27090, Turkey
| | - Murat Canpolat
- Akdeniz University, Department of Biophysics, Biomedical Optics Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar Bulvari, Antalya 07058, Turkey
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Bodenschatz N, Krauter P, Nothelfer S, Foschum F, Bergmann F, Liemert A, Kienle A. Detecting structural information of scatterers using spatial frequency domain imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:116006. [PMID: 26590206 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.11.116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate optical phantom experiments on the phase function parameter γ using spatial frequency domain imaging. The incorporation of two different types of scattering particles allows for control of the optical phantoms’ microscopic scattering properties. By laterally structuring areas with either TiO2 or Al2O3 scattering particles, we were able to obtain almost pure subdiffusive scattering contrast in a single optical phantom. Optical parameter mapping was then achieved using an analytical radiative transfer model revealing the microscopic structural contrast on a macroscopic field of view. As part of our study, we explain several correction and referencing techniques for high spatial frequency analysis and experimentally study the sampling depth of the subdiffusive parameter γ.
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Fractal analysis and the diagnostic usefulness of silver staining nucleolar organizer regions in prostate adenocarcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:250265. [PMID: 26366372 PMCID: PMC4558419 DOI: 10.1155/2015/250265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma often requires complementary methods. On prostate biopsy tissue from 39 patients including benign nodular hyperplasia (BNH), atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), and adenocarcinomas, we have performed combined histochemical-immunohistochemical stainings for argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) and glandular basal cells. After ascertaining the pathology, we have analyzed the number, roundness, area, and fractal dimension of individual AgNORs or of their skeleton-filtered maps. We have optimized here for the first time a combination of AgNOR morphological denominators that would reflect best the differences between these pathologies. The analysis of AgNORs' roundness, averaged from large composite images, revealed clear-cut lower values in adenocarcinomas compared to benign and atypical lesions but with no differences between different Gleason scores. Fractal dimension (FD) of AgNOR silhouettes not only revealed significant lower values for global cancer images compared to AAH and BNH images, but was also able to differentiate between Gleason pattern 2 and Gleason patterns 3–5 adenocarcinomas. Plotting the frequency distribution of the FDs for different pathologies showed clear differences between all Gleason patterns and BNH. Together with existing morphological classifiers, AgNOR analysis might contribute to a faster and more reliable machine-assisted screening of prostatic adenocarcinoma, as an essential aid for pathologists.
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Bodenschatz N, Krauter P, Liemert A, Wiest J, Kienle A. Model-based analysis on the influence of spatial frequency selection in spatial frequency domain imaging. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:6725-31. [PMID: 26368086 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.006725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Frequency variation in spatial frequency domain imaging is a powerful tool for adjusting the penetration depth of the imaging signal and the parameter sensitivity toward absorption and diffusive and subdiffusive scattering. Through our computational analysis, using an analytical solution of the radiative transfer equation, we add quantitation to this tool by linking the different spatial frequency regimes to their relative information content and to their absolute depth sensitivity. Special focus is placed on high spatial frequencies by analysis of the phase function parameter γ and its significance and ambiguity in describing subdiffusive scattering.
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Waliszewski P, Wagenlehner F, Kribus S, Schafhauser W, Weidner W, Gattenlöhner S. [Objective grading of prostate carcinoma based on fractal dimensions: Gleason 3 + 4= 7a ≠ Gleason 4 + 3 =7b]. Urologe A 2015; 53:1504-11. [PMID: 25015793 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-014-3470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant intra- and interobserver variability ranging between 40 and 80% is observed in tumor grading of prostate carcinoma. By combining geometric and statistical methods, an objective system of grading can be designed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The distributions of cell nuclei in two-dimensional patterns of prostate cancer classified subjectively as Gleason score 3+3, 3+4, 4+3, 4+4, 4+5, 5+4, and 5+5 were analyzed with algorithms measuring the global fractal dimensions of the Rényi family and with the algorithm for the local connected fractal dimension (LCFD). RESULTS The dimensions for global fractal capacity, information, and correlation (standard deviation) were 1.470 (045), 1.528 (046), and 1.582 (099) for homogenous Gleason grade 3 (n = 16), 1.642 (034), 1.678 (041), and 1.673 (084) for homogenous Gleason grade 4 (n=18), and 1.797 (042), 1.791 (026), and 1.854 (031) for homogenous Gleason grade 5 (n=12), respectively. The LCFD algorithm can be used to distinguish both qualitatively and quantitatively between mixed and heterogeneous patterns, such as Gleason score 3+4=7a (intermediate risk cancer) and Gleason score 4+3=7b (high-risk cancer). Sensitivity of the method is 89.3%, and specificity 84.3%. CONCLUSION The method of fractal geometry enables both an objective and quantitative grading of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Waliszewski
- Klinik für Urologie, Andrologie und Kinderurologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Rudolf-Buchheim-Straße 7, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland,
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Vardaki MZ, Gardner B, Stone N, Matousek P. Studying the distribution of deep Raman spectroscopy signals using liquid tissue phantoms with varying optical properties. Analyst 2015; 140:5112-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01118c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied experimentally the magnitude and origin of Raman signals in a transmission Raman geometry as a function of optical properties of the medium and the location of Raman scatterer within the phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pavel Matousek
- Central Laser Facility
- Research Complex at Harwell
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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