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Trivedi S, Ravula S, Baker GA, Pandey S, Bright FV. Controlling Microarray Feature Spreading and Response Stability on Porous Silicon Platforms by Using Alkene-Terminal Ionic Liquids and UV Hydrosilylation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5474-5482. [PMID: 32338920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to develop reversible sensors based on ionic liquid/porous silicon (IL/pSi) platforms, we introduce an approach using task-specific, alkene-terminal ILs (AT-ILs) for direct grafting to the hydrogen-passivated as prepared-pSi (ap-pSi) surface via UV-hydrosilylation to address previous shortcomings associated with IL pattern impermanence (i.e., spread). By employing photoluminescence emission (PLE) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging measurements, we demonstrate that the covalent grafting of AT-ILs onto the ap-pSi surface via photochemical hydrosilylation not only mitigates such feature spreading but also greatly improves PLE pattern stability. Significantly, we have discovered that, upon hydrosilylation, the resulting contact pin printed IL features remain stable to repeated challenges by toluene vapors, demonstrating the utility of AT-IL hydrosilylation for producing high-fidelity microarray features on pSi toward robust optical sensory microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Sudhir Ravula
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Biomaterials, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, 1100 Florida Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70119, United States
| | - Gary A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Siddharth Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Frank V Bright
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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Arshavsky-Graham S, Massad-Ivanir N, Segal E, Weiss S. Porous Silicon-Based Photonic Biosensors: Current Status and Emerging Applications. Anal Chem 2018; 91:441-467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hanover, Germany
| | - Naama Massad-Ivanir
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Sharon Weiss
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Collado CM, Horner IJ, Empey JM, Nguyen LN, Bright FV. Gallium indium eutectic masking prior to porous silicon formation creates unique spatially-dependent chemistries. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1032:147-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Coombs SG, Khodjaniyazova S, Bright FV. Exploiting the 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) autocatalytic nature to create bioconjugated microarrays on hydrogen-passivated porous silicon. Talanta 2018; 177:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Reynard JM, Van Gorder NS, Richardson CA, Eriacho RD, Bright FV. Instrumentation for Reliably Determining Porous Silicon Photoluminescence Responses to Gaseous Analyte Vapors. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:1974-1980. [PMID: 27364365 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816653125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report new instrumentation for rapidly and reliably measuring the temperature-dependent photoluminescence response from porous silicon as a function of analyte vapor concentration. The new system maintains the porous silicon under inert conditions and it allows on-the-fly steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence intensity and hyper-spectral measurements between 293 K and 450 K. The new system yields reliable data at least 100-fold faster in comparison to previous instrument platforms.
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Horner IJ, Kraut ND, Richardson CA, Jean B, Rook AM, Bright FV. Contact Pin-Printing onto Porous Silicon for Creating Microarrays with High Chemical Diversity. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:1662-1675. [PMID: 27329832 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816647963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We explore the size and spatial microheterogeneity of contact pin-printed spots formed on porous silicon (pSi). Glycerol was contact printed at room temperature onto as-prepared, hydrogen-passivated pSi (ap-pSi) using 50 or 200 µm diameter solid pins. The pSi was then subjected to a strong oxidizing environment (gaseous O3) and washed to remove the glycerol masks. The glycerol-free regions were converted to oxidized pSi (ox-pSi); the glycerol-coated regions were protected from O3, but not entirely. The final array is described as circularly shaped "ap-pSi" regions on a field of ox-pSi. When comparing the areas outside and inside the glycerol-masked pSi spots, one finds dramatic differences in the Si-O-Si, SiHx (x = 1-3) and OySiHx (y, x = 1-3) levels with a spatially dependent continuum of compositions across the spot diameter. Experimental conditions could be adjusted to tune the final ap-pSi spot diameter and edge widths from 90 µm to 520 µm and 20 µm to 130 µm, respectively. The resulting ap-pSi spot diameter is explained by using molecular kinetic theory and time-dependent glycerol imbibement into the pSi within a one-dimensional Darcy's law model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Horner
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, SUNY-Buffalo, USA
| | | | | | - Bernandie Jean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mellon Hall of Sciences, Duquesne University, USA
| | - Alyssa M Rook
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, SUNY-Buffalo, USA
| | - Frank V Bright
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, SUNY-Buffalo, USA
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Trivedi S, Coombs SG, Wagle DV, Bhawawet N, Baker GA, Bright FV. Ionic Liquids Can Permanently Modify Porous Silicon Surface Chemistry. Chemistry 2016; 22:11677-84. [PMID: 27405109 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To develop ionic liquid/porous silicon (IL/pSi) microarrays we have contact pin-printed 20 hydrophobic and hydrophilic ionic liquids onto as-prepared, hydrogen-passivated porous silicon (ap-pSi) and then determined the individual IL spot size, shape and associated pSi surface chemistry. The results reveal that the hydrophobic ionic liquids oxidize the ap-pSi slightly. In contrast, the hydrophilic ionic liquids lead to heavily oxidized pSi (i.e., ox-pSi). The strong oxidation arises from residual water within the hydrophilic ILs that is delivered from these ILs into the ap-pSi matrix causing oxidation. This phenomenon is less of an issue in the hydrophobic ILs because their water solubility is substantially lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
| | - Sidney G Coombs
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
| | - Durgesh V Wagle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Nakara Bhawawet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Gary A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Frank V Bright
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA.
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McCall DT, Zhang Y, Hook DJ, Bright FV. Optimizing Pin-Printed and Hydrosilylated Microarray Spot Density on Porous Silicon Platforms. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:11370-11377. [PMID: 26421642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microarrays of spatially isolated chemistries on planar surfaces are powerful tools. An important factor in microarray technology is the density of chemically unique spots that can be formed per unit area. In this paper, we use contact pin-printing and evaluate how to decrease contact pin-printed spot diameters on porous silicon (pSi) platforms. Using hydrosilylation chemistry to covalently attach chemistries to the pSi surface, the variables studied included pSi porosity and surface polarity, active agent viscosity, and pin diameter. The spot characteristics were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Spot size decreased as pSi porosity increased in accordance with molecular kinetic theory and Darcy's law of imbibition. Increasing active agent viscosity and pin diameter (volume of printed agent) led to larger spot diameters in accordance with molecular kinetic theory and Darcy's law. Oxidizing the pSi with H2O2 increased the surface polarity but had no detectable impact on the spot size. This is consistent with formation of an oxide layer atop an unoxidized pSi sublayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T McCall
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, SUNY-Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, SUNY-Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Daniel J Hook
- Bausch + Lomb Incorporated, 1400 Goodman St. N., Rochester, New York 14609, United States
| | - Frank V Bright
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, SUNY-Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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