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Dwivedi S, Choudhary P, Gupta A, Singh S. Therapeutical growth in oligodendroglial fate induction via transdifferentiation of stem cells for neuroregenerative therapy. Biochimie 2023; 211:35-56. [PMID: 36842627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The merits of stem cell therapy and research are undisputed due to their widespread usage in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and demyelinating disorders. Cell replacement therapy especially revolves around stem cells and their induction into different cell lineages both adult and progenitor - belonging to each germ layer, prior to transplantation or disease modeling studies. The nervous system is abundant in glial cells and among these are oligodendrocytes capable of myelinating new-born neurons and remyelination of axons with lost or damaged myelin sheath. But demyelinating diseases generate tremendous deficit between myelin loss and recovery. To compensate for this loss, analyze the defects in remyelination mechanisms as well as to trigger full recovery in such patients mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been induced to transdifferentiate into oligodendrocytes. But such experiments are riddled with problems like prolonged, tenuous and complicated protocols that stretch longer than the time taken for the spread of demyelination-associated after-effects. This review delves into such protocols and the combinations of different molecules and factors that have been recruited to derive bona fide oligodendrocytes from in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and MSCs with special focus on MSC-derived oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Dwivedi
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Princy Choudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Ayushi Gupta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India.
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2
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Shieh P, Hsu SS, Liang WZ. Mechanisms underlying protective effects of vitamin E against mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-induced oxidative stress and its related cytotoxicity in primary human brain endothelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1375-1388. [PMID: 33818898 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxins are one of the largest families of mycotoxins. Among these mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol is the most widespread pollutant of grains. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of deoxynivalenol on cytotoxicity in human brain endothelial cells was still unclear. This study examined whether deoxynivalenol induced oxidative stress-associated cytotoxicity in primary human brain endothelial cells (HBEC-5i), and explored whether Vitamin E (VE), a selective antioxidant, had protective effects on deoxynivalenol-treated cells. Deoxynivalenol (10-50 μM) concentration-dependently induced cytotoxicity in HBEC-5i cells. Deoxynivalenol (IC50 = 20 μM) activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by modulating antioxidant protein expressions (Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1). More significantly, pre-treatment with VE (20 μM) attenuated the deoxynivalenol-induced cytotoxicity in this cell model. Together, VE significantly alleviated the apoptotic effects of deoxynivalenol in HBEC-5i cells suggesting that it protected the cells against deoxynivalenol-induced oxidative damage. Our findings provided new insight that VE had the potential to ameliorate neurotoxicity of deoxynivalenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Neipu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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3
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Leptin enhances adult neurogenesis and reduces pathological features in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105219. [PMID: 33301880 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia worldwide and is characterized by the presence of senile plaques by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. These changes lead to progressive neuronal degeneration and dysfunction, resulting in severe brain atrophy and cognitive deficits. With the discovery that neurogenesis persists in the adult mammalian brain, including brain regions affected by AD, studies of the use of neural stem cells (NSCs) for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases to repair or prevent neuronal cell loss have increased. Here we demonstrate that leptin administration increases the neurogenic process in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus as well as in the subventricular zone of lateral ventricles of adult and aged mice. Chronic treatment with leptin increased NSCs proliferation with significant effects on proliferation and differentiation of newborn cells. The expression of the long form of the leptin receptor, LepRb, was detected in the neurogenic niches by reverse qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, leptin modulated astrogliosis, microglial cell number and the formation of senile plaques. Additionally, leptin led to attenuation of Aβ-induced neurodegeneration and superoxide anion production as revealed by Fluoro-Jade B and dihydroethidium staining. Our study contributes to the understanding of the effects of leptin in the brain that may lead to the development of new therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease.
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Kim HS, Jeon I, Noh JE, Lee H, Hong KS, Lee N, Pei Z, Song J. Intracerebral Transplantation of BDNF-overexpressing Human Neural Stem Cells (HB1.F3.BDNF) Promotes Migration, Differentiation and Functional Recovery in a Rodent Model of Huntington's Disease. Exp Neurobiol 2020; 29:130-137. [PMID: 32408403 PMCID: PMC7237270 DOI: 10.5607/en20011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by abnormally expanded CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene. The huntingtin gene mutation leads to the progressive degeneration of striatal GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSN) and reduces the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in HD patient's brain. BDNF is an essential neurotrophic factor for the cortico-striatal synaptic activity and the survival of GABAergic neurons. In this study, we transplanted BDNF-overexpressing human neural stem cells (HB1.F3.BDNF) into the contra-lateral side of unilateral quinolinic acid (QA)-lesioned striatum of HD rat model. The results of in vivo transplantation were monitored using various behavioral tests, 4.7 T animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immunohistochemical staining. We observed that the QA-lesioned rats receiving HB1.F3.BDNF cells exhibited significant behavioral improvements in the stepping, rotarod and apomorphine-induced rotation tests. Interestingly, contralaterally transplanted cells were migrated to the QA-lesioned striatum and the size of lateral ventricle was reduced. Histological analyses further revealed that the transplanted cells, which had migrated to the QA lesion site, were differentiated into the cells of GABAergic, MSN-type neurons expressing DARPP-32, and neural networks were established between the transplanted cells and the host brain, as revealed by retrograde tracing. Finally, there was a significant reduction of inflammatory response in HB1.F3.BDNF-transplanted HD animal model, compared with vehicle-transplanted group. Taken together, these results suggest that HB1.F3.BDNF can be an effective therapeutic strategy to treat HD patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 3496, Korea
| | - Iksoo Jeon
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Noh
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Hyunseung Lee
- Division of Magnetic Imaging Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Division of Magnetic Imaging Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Nayeon Lee
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affi liated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jihwan Song
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- iPS Bio, Inc., Seongnam 1322, Korea
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5
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Zeng Q, Long Z, Feng M, Zhao Y, Luo S, Wang K, Wang Y, Yang G, He G. Valproic Acid Stimulates Hippocampal Neurogenesis via Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in the APP/PS1/Nestin-GFP Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:62. [PMID: 30971911 PMCID: PMC6443965 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and massive loss of neuronal cells in the brain. Adult hippocampus continuously generates new neurons throughout life to shape brain function and impaired neurogenesis may contribute to a series of cognitive deterioration associated with AD. Enhancing endogenous neurogenesis represents a promising strategy that may ameliorate AD-associated cognitive defects. However, neurogenesis-enhancing approaches and underlying mechanisms are still not well studied. Here, using a mouse model of AD amyloid precursor protein (APP/PS1/Nestin-GFP triple transgenic mice, 3xTgAD), we examined the effects of 4 weeks of valproic acid (VPA) treatment on hippocampal neurogenesis in 2- and 6-month-old mice. VPA treatment promoted cell proliferation and increased the density of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus of 3xTgAD mice. Consistent with enhanced neurogenesis, behavioral and morphological analysis showed that VPA treatment improved the learning and memory ability of 3xTgAD mice. Mechanistically, VPA treatment increased β-catenin levels, accumulated the inactive form of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and induced the expression of NeuroD1, a Wnt target gene involved in neurogenesis, suggesting the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in the hippocampus of 3xTgAD mice. This study indicates that VPA stimulates neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus of AD mice model through the Wnt pathway, highlighting VPA as a potential therapeutic for treating AD and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhimin Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueyang Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shifang Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Guiqiong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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6
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Zhu H, Poon W, Liu Y, Leung GKK, Wong Y, Feng Y, Ng SCP, Tsang KS, Sun DTF, Yeung DK, Shen C, Niu F, Xu Z, Tan P, Tang S, Gao H, Cha Y, So KF, Fleischaker R, Sun D, Chen J, Lai J, Cheng W, Young W. Phase I-II Clinical Trial Assessing Safety and Efficacy of Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cell Transplant Therapy of Chronic Complete Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:1925-1943. [PMID: 27075659 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cell (UCB-MNC) transplants improve recovery in animal spinal cord injury (SCI) models. We transplanted UCB-MNCs into 28 patients with chronic complete SCI in Hong Kong (HK) and Kunming (KM). Stemcyte Inc. donated UCB-MNCs isolated from human leukocyte antigen (HLA ≥4:6)-matched UCB units. In HK, four patients received four 4-μl injections (1.6 million cells) into dorsal entry zones above and below the injury site, and another four received 8-μl injections (3.2 million cells). The eight patients were an average of 13 years after C5-T10 SCI. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging of five patients showed white matter gaps at the injury site before treatment. Two patients had fiber bundles growing across the injury site by 12 months, and the rest had narrower white matter gaps. Motor, walking index of SCI (WISCI), and spinal cord independence measure (SCIM) scores did not change. In KM, five groups of four patients received four 4-μl (1.6 million cells), 8-μl (3.2 million cells), 16-μl injections (6.4 million cells), 6.4 million cells plus 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone (MP), or 6.4 million cells plus MP and a 6-week course of oral lithium carbonate (750 mg/day). KM patients averaged 7 years after C3-T11 SCI and received 3-6 months of intensive locomotor training. Before surgery, only two patients walked 10 m with assistance and did not need assistance for bladder or bowel management before surgery. The rest could not walk or do their bladder and bowel management without assistance. At about a year (41-87 weeks), WISCI and SCIM scores improved: 15/20 patients walked 10 m ( p = 0.001) and 12/20 did not need assistance for bladder management ( p = 0.001) or bowel management ( p = 0.002). Five patients converted from complete to incomplete (two sensory, three motor; p = 0.038) SCI. We conclude that UCB-MNC transplants and locomotor training improved WISCI and SCIM scores. We propose further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Waisang Poon
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | | | - Yatwa Wong
- Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Feng
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Stephanie C P Ng
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Kam Sze Tsang
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - David T F Sun
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - David K Yeung
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Caihong Shen
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Fang Niu
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Zhexi Xu
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Pengju Tan
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Shaofeng Tang
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Gao
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yun Cha
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Ophthalmology and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, and Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | | | - Dongming Sun
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - John Chen
- China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jan Lai
- China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wendy Cheng
- China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wise Young
- China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Farrell K, Borazjani A, Damaser M, Kothapalli CR. Differential regulation of NSC phenotype and genotype by chronically activated microglia within cocultures. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 8:1145-1157. [PMID: 27722366 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00126b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Under disease or injury conditions in the central nervous system (CNS), activated microglia release cytokines and chemokines to modulate the microenvironment and influence tissue remodeling. To exploit the full potential of neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation approaches, a permissive microenvironment needs to be created for their survival, homing and differentiation. To investigate the role of chronically activated microglia in the fate of NSCs, spontaneously immortalized murine microglial cells (SIM-A9) were cocultured with embryonic murine cortical NSCs on 2D substrates or within 3D gels. Standalone NSC cultures served as controls. Cytokines and chemokines released by NSCs and SIM-A9 cells in standalone and cocultures were quantified. Coculturing with SIM-A9 cells suppressed NSC viability, neurite outgrowth, neural differentiation and TUJ1 gene expression, and promoted glia formation in both 2D and 3D cultures, over a 10-day period. The seven most-abundantly released analytes by microglia (MCP-1, MIP2, G-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) were tested for their individual effects on NSCs, to investigate if the outcomes in cocultures were due to the synergistic effects of analytes or the influence of any individual analyte. All the seven analytes significantly suppressed cell survival compared to controls, but exposure to MIP-1β, IL-6, or MCP-1 enhanced neurite outgrowth and neural lineage commitment. Results attest to (i) the strong role of activated microglia in regulating NSC fate, (ii) the utility of selective analytes released by activated microglia in promoting neurogenesis and neuritogenesis, and (iii) the need to protect transplanted NSCs from the host inflammatory microenvironment to ensure their survival and functionality in treating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Farrell
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., SH 460, Cleveland, OH 44141, USA.
| | - Ali Borazjani
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., SH 460, Cleveland, OH 44141, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Margot Damaser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar R Kothapalli
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., SH 460, Cleveland, OH 44141, USA.
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8
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Jalland CMO, Scheffler K, Benestad SL, Moldal T, Ersdal C, Gunnes G, Suganthan R, Bjørås M, Tranulis MA. Neil3 induced neurogenesis protects against prion disease during the clinical phase. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37844. [PMID: 27886261 PMCID: PMC5122945 DOI: 10.1038/srep37844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is the major pathway for repair of oxidative DNA damage. Mice with genetic knockout of the BER enzyme Neil3 display compromised neurogenesis in the sub-ventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and sub-granular layer of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. To elucidate the impact of oxidative DNA damage-induced neurogenesis on prion disease we applied the experimental prion disease model on Neil3-deficient mice. The incubation period for the disease was similar in both wild type and Neil3−/− mice and the overall neuropathology appeared unaffected by Neil3 function. However, disease in the Neil3−/− mice was of shorter clinical duration. We observed a mildly reduced astrogliosis in the hippocampus and striatum in the Neil3-deficient mice. Brain expression levels of neuronal progenitor markers, nestin (Nestin), sex determining region Box 2 (Sox2), Class III beta-tubulin (Tuj1) decreased towards end-stage prion disease whereas doublecortin (Dcx) levels were less affected. Neuronal nuclei (NeuN), a marker for mature neurons declined during prion disease and more pronounced in the Neil3−/− group. Microglial activation was prominent and appeared unaffected by loss of Neil3. Our data suggest that neurogenesis induced by Neil3 repair of oxidative DNA damage protects against prion disease during the clinical phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara M O Jalland
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Campus Adamstuen Oslo, Norway
| | - Katja Scheffler
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Cecilie Ersdal
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Campus Adamstuen Oslo, Norway
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Campus Adamstuen Oslo, Norway
| | - Rajikala Suganthan
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael A Tranulis
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Campus Adamstuen Oslo, Norway
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9
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Patnaik R, Padhy RN. Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Neural Stem Cell Line as a Screening Model for Toxicity. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:319-326. [PMID: 27807796 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate whether a human neural stem cell (NSC) line derived from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) can be used for toxicity study. Toxicity of both neurotoxic environmental xenobiotics, methyl mercury chloride (CH3HgCl), lead acetate (CH3COOPb), and chlorpyrifos (CP), and non-neurotoxic insecticide, dichlorvos, as well as non-neurotoxic drugs, theophylline and acetaminophen were assessed. Additionally, differentiation of neuronal and glial cell lines derived from hUCB was elucidated. It was observed that CH3HgCl was more toxic to human NSCs in comparison to CH3COOPb and CP. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against NSCs was 3, 10, and 300 mg/L, in each staining process, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and Hoechst staining, for CH3HgCl, CP, and CH3COOPb, respectively. CH3HgCl had the LC25 value as 10.0, 14.4, and 12.7 mg/L, by staining method mentioned in succession. CP had the LC25 value as 21.9, 23.7, and 18.4 mg/L; similarly, CH3COOPb had LC25 values, successively as 616.9, 719.2, and 890.3 mg/L. LC50 values ranged from 18.2 to 21.7 mg/L for CH3HgCl, 56.4 to 60.2 mg/L for CP, and 1000 to 1460.1 for CH3COOPb. Theophylline, acetaminophen, and dichlorvos had no impact on the viability of NSCs. This work justified that hUCB-NSC model can be used for toxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Patnaik
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Rabindra Nath Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
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10
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Zeng Q, Zheng M, Zhang T, He G. Hippocampal neurogenesis in the APP/PS1/nestin-GFP triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2015; 314:64-74. [PMID: 26639620 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia. Although the exact mechanisms of AD are not entirely clear, the impairment in adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been reported to play a role in AD. To assess the relationship between AD and neurogenesis, we studied APP/PS1/nestin-green fluorescent protein (GFP) triple transgenic mice, a well-characterized mouse model of AD, which express GFP under the control of the nestin promoter. Different ages of AD mice and their wild-type littermates (WT) were used in our study. Immunofluorescent staining showed that neurogenesis occurred mainly in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) and subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (LVs). The expression of neural stem cells (NSCs) (nestin) and neural precursors such as doublecortin (DCX) and GFAP in AD mice were decreased with age, as well as there being a reduction in 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells, when compared to WT. However, the number of maturate neurons (NeuN) was not significantly different between AD mice and wild-type controls, and NeuN changed only slightly with age. By Golgi-Cox staining, the morphologies of dendrites were observed, and significant differences existed between AD mice and wild-type controls. These results suggest that AD has a far-reaching influence on the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, leading to a gradual decrease in the generation of neural progenitors (NPCs), and inhibition of the differentiation and maturation of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - M Zheng
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - T Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - G He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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11
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Andrzejewska A, Nowakowski A, Janowski M, Bulte JWM, Gilad AA, Walczak P, Lukomska B. Pre- and postmortem imaging of transplanted cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5543-59. [PMID: 26366076 PMCID: PMC4562754 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s83557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions based on the transplantation of stem and progenitor cells have garnered increasing interest. This interest is fueled by successful preclinical studies for indications in many diseases, including the cardiovascular, central nervous, and musculoskeletal system. Further progress in this field is contingent upon access to techniques that facilitate an unambiguous identification and characterization of grafted cells. Such methods are invaluable for optimization of cell delivery, improvement of cell survival, and assessment of the functional integration of grafted cells. Following is a focused overview of the currently available cell detection and tracking methodologies that covers the entire spectrum from pre- to postmortem cell identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Nowakowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- RusselI H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff WM Bulte
- RusselI H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Assaf A Gilad
- RusselI H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- RusselI H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Sypecka J, Ziemka-Nalecz M, Dragun-Szymczak P, Zalewska T. A simple, xeno-free method for oligodendrocyte generation from human neural stem cells derived from umbilical cord: engagement of gelatinases in cell commitment and differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1442-1455. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sypecka
- Neurorepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ziemka-Nalecz
- Neurorepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Patrycja Dragun-Szymczak
- Neurorepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Teresa Zalewska
- Neurorepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
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13
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Zhu G, Sun C, Liu W. Effects of neurotrophin-3 on the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and oligodendrocytes. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1483-7. [PMID: 25657683 PMCID: PMC4308779 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.19.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, cells from the cerebral cortex of fetal rats at pregnant 16 days were harvested and cultured with 20 μg/L neurotrophin-3. After 7 days of culture, immunocytochemical staining showed that, 22.4% of cells were positive for nestin, 10.5% were positive for β-III tubulin (neuronal marker), and 60.6% were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, but no cells were positive for O4 (oligodendrocytic marker). At 14 days, there were 5.6% nestin-, 9.6% β-III tubulin-, 81.1% glial fibrillary acidic protein-, and 2.2% O4-positive cells. In cells not treated with neurotrophin-3, some were nestin-positive, while the majority showed positive staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Our experimental findings indicate that neurotrophin-3 is a crucial factor for inducing neural stem cells differentiation into neurons and oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chongran Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
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14
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Sypecka J, Sarnowska A. The neuroprotective effect exerted by oligodendroglial progenitors on ischemically impaired hippocampal cells. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:685-701. [PMID: 24085562 PMCID: PMC3950613 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are the focus of intense research for the purpose of cell replacement therapies in acquired or inherited neurodegenerative disorders, accompanied by ongoing hypo/demyelination. Recently, it has been postulated that these glia-committed cells exhibit certain properties of neural stem cells. Advances in stem cell biology have shown that their therapeutic effect could be attributed to their ability to secret numerous active compounds which modify the local microenvironment making it more susceptible to restorative processes. To verify this hypothesis, we set up an ex vivo co-culture system of OPCs isolated from neonatal rat brain with organotypic hippocampal slices (OHC) injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The presence of OPCs in such co-cultures resulted in a significant neuroprotective effect manifesting itself as a decrease in cell death rate and as an extension of newly formed cells in ischemically impaired hippocampal slices. A microarray analysis of broad spectrum of trophic factors and cytokines expressed by OPCs was performed for the purpose of finding the factor(s) contributing to the observed effect. Three of them—BDNF, IL-10 and SCF—were selected for the subsequent functional assays. Our data revealed that BDNF released by OPCs is the potent factor that stimulates cell proliferation and survival in OHC subjected to OGD injury. At the same time, it was observed that IL-10 attenuates inflammatory processes by promoting the formation of the cells associated with the immunological response. Those neuroprotective qualities of oligodendroglia-biased progenitors significantly contribute to anticipating a successful cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, Pawinskiego str.,, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland,
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15
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Mäkinen M, Joki T, Ylä-Outinen L, Skottman H, Narkilahti S, Aänismaa R. Fluorescent probes as a tool for cell population tracking in spontaneously active neural networks derived from human pluripotent stem cells. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 215:88-96. [PMID: 23473797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Applications such as 3D cultures and tissue modelling require cell tracking with non-invasive methods. In this work, the suitability of two fluorescent probes, CellTracker, CT, and long chain carbocyanine dye, DiD, was investigated for long-term culturing of labeled human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells. We found that these dyes did not affect the cell viability. However, proliferation was decreased in DiD labeled cell population. With both dyes the labeling was stable up to 4 weeks. CT and DiD labeled cells could be co-cultured and, importantly, these mixed populations had their normal ability to form spontaneous electrical network activity. In conclusion, human neural cells can be successfully labeled with these two fluorescent probes without significantly affecting the cell characteristics. These labeled cells could be utilized further in e.g. building controlled neuronal networks for neurotoxicity screening platforms, combining cells with biomaterials for 3D studies, and graft development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mäkinen
- NeuroGroup, Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, Biokatu 12, FI-33014 University of Tampere, Finland.
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Liu L, Wei X, Huang R, Ling J, Wu L, Xiao Y. Effect of bone morphogenetic protein-4 on the expression of Sox2, Oct-4, and c-Myc in human periodontal ligament cells during long-term culture. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1670-7. [PMID: 23311397 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that the endogenous expression level of Sox2, Oct-4, and c-Myc is correlated with the pluripotency and successful induction of induced pluripotent stem cells. Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) have a multilineage differentiation capability and ability to maintain the undifferentiated stage, which makes PDLCs a suitable cell source for tissue repair and regeneration. To elucidate the effect of an in vitro culture condition on the stemness potential of PDLCs, we explored the cell growth, proliferation, cell cycle, and the expression of Sox2, Oct-4, and c-Myc in PDLCs from the passage 1 to 7 with or without the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-4 (rhBMP4). Our results revealed that BMP-4 promoted cell growth and proliferation, arrested PDLCs in the S phase of cell cycle, and upregulated the propidium iodinate value. It was revealed that without the addition of rhBMP4, the expression of Sox2, Oct-4, and c-Myc in PDLCs only maintained the nucleus location until passage 3, and then lost the nucleus location subsequently. The mRNA expression in PDLCs further confirmed that the level of Sox2 and Oct-4 peaked at passage 3 and then decreased afterward, whereas c-Myc maintained consistently the upregulation along the passages. After the treatment with rhBMP4, the expression of Sox2, Oct-4, and c-Myc in PDLCs maintained the nucleus location even at passage 7, and the mRNA expression of Sox2 and Oct-4 significantly upregulated at the passages 5 and 7. These results demonstrated that addition of rhBMP-4 in the culture medium could improve the current culture condition for PDLCs to maintain in an undifferentiated stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
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