1
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Taguchi M, Yoshimoto S, Suyama K, Sumi S, Ohki S, Ogata K, Fujimoto R, Murata D, Nakayama K, Oka K. Creating 3D constructs with cranial neural crest-derived cell lines using a bio-3D printer. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:339-348. [PMID: 38750954 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The development of bio-three-dimensional (bio-3D) printers has led to significant advances in regenerative medicine. Three-dimensional constructs, including spheroids, are maintained by extracellular matrix proteins secreted by cells so that the cells can be cultured in conditions closer to the physiological environment. This study aimed to create a useful 3D construct as a model of the dentin-pulp complex. METHODS We examined the expression patterns of extracellular matrix proteins and cell proliferation areas in a 3D construct created using O9-1 cells derived from cranial neural crest cells of mice. The 3D construct was created by sticking the spheroid cultures onto a needle array using a bio-3D printer. RESULTS Cell proliferation areas along with characteristic expression of tenascin C and DMP1 were evaluated. The expression of tenascin C and DMP1 was significantly enhanced in the spheroids compared to that in two-dimensional cultures. Moreover, cell proliferation regions and tenascin C expression were confirmed in the outer layer of spheroids in the embryonic stem cell medium, with insignificant DMP1 expression being observed. Interestingly, in a 3D construct cultured in calcification-induction medium, DMP1 expression was promoted, and DMP1-positive cells existed in the outermost layer without overlapping with tenascin C expression. CONCLUSIONS The extracellular matrix proteins, tenascin C and DMP1, were expressed in a polarized manner in spheroids and 3D constructs, similar to the findings in the dental papilla. Therefore, these 3D constructs show potential as artificial models for studying odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Taguchi
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shohei Yoshimoto
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan; Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kanako Suyama
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Satoko Sumi
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shirabe Ohki
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kayoko Ogata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.
| | - Ryota Fujimoto
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Daiki Murata
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Koichi Nakayama
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Oka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan; Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
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2
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Peng X, Chen J, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Zheng X, Wang Z, Yuan D, Du J. Osteogenic microenvironment affects palatal development through glycolysis. Differentiation 2023; 133:1-11. [PMID: 37267667 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Palate development involves various events, including proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Disruption of these processes can result in the cleft palate (CP). Mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme (MEPM) cells are commonly used to explore the mechanism of palatal development and CP. However, the role of the microenvironment in the biological properties of MEPM cells, which undergoes dynamic changes during palate development, is rarely reported. In this study, we investigated whether there were differences between the palatal shelf mesenchyme at different developmental stages. Our results found that the palatal shelves facilitate proliferation at the early palate stage at mouse embryonic day (E) 13.5 and the tendency towards osteogenesis at E15.5, the late palate development stage. And the osteogenic microenvironment, which was mimicked by osteogenic differentiation medium (OIM), affected the biological properties of MEPM cells when compared to the routine medium. Specifically, MEPM cells showed slower proliferation, shorter S phase, increased apoptosis, and less migration distance after osteogenesis. E15.5 MEPM cells were more sensitive than E13.5, showing an earlier change. Moreover, E13.5 MEPM cells had weaker osteogenic ability than E15.5, and both MEPM cells exhibited different Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and Cytochrome c (CytC) expressions in OIM compared to routine medium, suggesting that glycolysis might be associated with the influence of the osteogenic microenvironment on MEPM cells. By comparing the stemness of the two cells, we investigated that the stemness of E13.5 MEPM cells was stronger than that of E15.5 MEPM cells, and E15.5 MEPM cells were more like differentiated cells than stem cells, as their capacity to differentiate into multiple cell fates was reduced. E13.5 MEPM cells might be the precursor cells of E15.5 MEPM cells. Our results enriched the understanding of the effect of the microenvironment on the biological properties of E13.5 and E15.5 MEPM cells, which should be considered when using MEPM cells as a model for palatal studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Peng
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yijia Wang
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xige Zhao
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dong Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China; Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
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3
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Oka K. Fibrillin protein, a candidate for creating a suitable scaffold in PDL regeneration while avoiding ankylosis. Genesis 2022; 60:e23486. [PMID: 35678273 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The tooth is stabilized by fiber-rich tissue called the periodontal ligament (PDL). The narrow space of the PDL does not calcify in the physiological state even thought it exists between two calcified tissues, namely, the cementum of the root and alveolar bone. Two situations that require PDL regeneration are periodontitis and dental trauma. Periodontitis induces the loss of PDL and alveolar bone due to inflammation related to infection. Conversely, in PDLs damaged by dental trauma, accelerating bone formation as an overreaction of the healing process is induced, thereby inducing dentoalveolar ankylosis at the tooth root surface. PDL regeneration following dental trauma must therefore be considered separately from periodontitis. Therefore, PDL regeneration in dental trauma must be considered separately from periodontitis. This review focuses on the components involved in avoiding dentoalveolar ankylosis, including oxytalan fibers, aggregated microfibrils, epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM), and TGF-β signaling. During root development, oxytalan fibers produced by PDL cells work in collaboration with the epithelial components in the PDL (e.g., Hertwig's root sheath [HERS] and ERM). We herein describe the functions of oxytalan fibers, ERM, and TGF-β signals which are involved in the avoidance of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Oka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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4
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Verheijen N, Suttorp CM, van Rheden REM, Regan RF, Helmich MPAC, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Wagener FADTG. CXCL12-CXCR4 Interplay Facilitates Palatal Osteogenesis in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:771. [PMID: 32974338 PMCID: PMC7471603 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs), identified by expression of transcription factor Sox9, migrate to the first branchial arch and undergo proliferation and differentiation to form the cartilage and bone structures of the orofacial region, including the palatal bone. Sox9 promotes osteogenic differentiation and stimulates CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine-receptor signaling, which elevates alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-activity in osteoblasts to initiate bone mineralization. Disintegration of the midline epithelial seam (MES) is crucial for palatal fusion. Since we earlier demonstrated chemokine-receptor mediated signaling by the MES, we hypothesized that chemokine CXCL12 is expressed by the disintegrating MES to promote the formation of an osteogenic center by CXCR4-positive osteoblasts. Disturbed migration of CNCCs by excess oxidative and inflammatory stress is associated with increased risk of cleft lip and palate (CLP). The cytoprotective heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes are powerful guardians harnessing injurious oxidative and inflammatory stressors and enhances osteogenic ALP-activity. By contrast, abrogation of HO-1 or HO-2 expression promotes pregnancy pathologies. We postulate that Sox9, CXCR4, and HO-1 are expressed in the ALP-activity positive osteogenic regions within the CNCCs-derived palatal mesenchyme. To investigate these hypotheses, we studied expression of Sox9, CXCL12, CXCR4, and HO-1 in relation to palatal osteogenesis between E15 and E16 using (immuno)histochemical staining of coronal palatal sections in wild-type (wt) mice. In addition, the effects of abrogated HO-2 expression in HO-2 KO mice and inhibited HO-1 and HO-2 activity by administrating HO-enzyme activity inhibitor SnMP at E11 in wt mice were investigated at E15 or E16 following palatal fusion. Overexpression of Sox9, CXCL12, CXCR4, and HO-1 was detected in the ALP-activity positive osteogenic regions within the palatal mesenchyme. Overexpression of Sox9 and CXCL12 by the disintegrating MES was detected. Neither palatal fusion nor MES disintegration seemed affected by either HO-2 abrogation or inhibition of HO-activity. Sox9 progenitors seem important to maintain the CXCR4-positive osteoblast pool to drive osteogenesis. Sox9 expression may facilitate MES disintegration and palatal fusion by promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). CXCL12 expression by the MES and the palatal mesenchyme may promote osteogenic differentiation to create osteogenic centers. This study provides novel evidence that CXCL12-CXCR4 interplay facilitates palatal osteogenesis and palatal fusion in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanne Verheijen
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christiaan M Suttorp
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - René E M van Rheden
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Raymond F Regan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria P A C Helmich
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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5
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Ji Y, Garland MA, Sun B, Zhang S, Reynolds K, McMahon M, Rajakumar R, Islam MS, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhou CJ. Cellular and developmental basis of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1558-1587. [PMID: 32725806 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During craniofacial development, defective growth and fusion of the upper lip and/or palate can cause orofacial clefts (OFCs), which are among the most common structural birth defects in humans. The developmental basis of OFCs includes morphogenesis of the upper lip, primary palate, secondary palate, and other orofacial structures, each consisting of diverse cell types originating from all three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Cranial neural crest cells and orofacial epithelial cells are two major cell types that interact with various cell lineages and play key roles in orofacial development. The cellular basis of OFCs involves defective execution in any one or several of the following processes: neural crest induction, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, primary cilia formation and its signaling transduction, epithelial seam formation and disappearance, periderm formation and peeling, convergence and extrusion of palatal epithelial seam cells, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics, and extracellular matrix function. The latest cellular and developmental findings may provide a basis for better understanding of the underlying genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and molecular mechanisms of OFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael A Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Moira McMahon
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ratheya Rajakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mohammad S Islam
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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6
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Ohki S, Oka K, Ogata K, Okuhara S, Rikitake M, Toda-Nakamura M, Tamura S, Ozaki M, Iseki S, Sakai T. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta and Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Palatal Epithelium Regulate Tenascin-C Expression in Palatal Mesenchyme During Soft Palate Development. Front Physiol 2020; 11:532. [PMID: 32581832 PMCID: PMC7287209 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During palatogenesis, the palatal shelves first grow vertically on either side of the tongue before changing their direction of growth to horizontal. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in these dynamic changes in palatal shelf morphology. Tenascin-C (TNC) is an ECM glycoprotein that shows unique expression in the posterior part of the palatal shelf, but little is known about the regulation of TNC expression. Since transforming growth factor-beta-3 (TGF-β3) and sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling are known to play important roles in palatogenesis, we investigated whether TGF-β3 and SHH are involved in the regulation of TNC expression in the developing palate. TGF-β3 increased the expression of TNC mRNA and protein in primary mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells (MEPM) obtained from palatal mesenchyme dissected at embryonic day 13.5-14.0. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry experiments revealed that TNC expression was diminished in K14-cre;Tgfbr2 fl/fl mice that lack the TGF-β type II receptor in palatal epithelial cells and exhibit cleft soft palate, whereas TNC expression was maintained in Wnt1-cre;Tgfbr2 fl/fl mice that lack the TGF-β type II receptor in palatal mesenchymal cells and exhibit a complete cleft palate. SHH also increased the expression of TNC mRNA and protein in MEPM cells. However, although TGF-β3 up-regulated TNC mRNA and protein expression in O9-1 cells (a cranial neural crest cell line), SHH did not. Furthermore, TGF-β inhibited the expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers (osterix and alkaline phosphatase) and induced the expression of fibroblastic markers (fibronectin and periostin) in O9-1 cells, whereas SHH did not affect the expression of osteoblastic and fibroblastic markers in O9-1 cells. However, immunohistochemistry experiments showed that TNC expression was diminished in the posterior palatal shelves of Shh-/+ ;MFCS4 +/- mice, which have deficient SHH signaling in the posterior palatal epithelium. Taken together, our findings support the proposal that TGF-β and SHH signaling in palatal epithelium co-ordinate the expression of TNC in the posterior palatal mesenchyme through a paracrine mechanism. This signal cascade may work in the later stage of palatogenesis when cranial neural crest cells have differentiated into fibroblast-like cells. The spatiotemporal regulation of ECM-related proteins by TGF-β and SHH signaling may contribute not only to tissue construction but also to cell differentiation or determination along the anterior-posterior axis of the palatal shelves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirabe Ohki
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Oka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.,Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ogata
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.,Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Okuhara
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Dental and Medical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihoko Rikitake
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masako Toda-Nakamura
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shougo Tamura
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Ozaki
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Dental and Medical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral-Facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Abstract
The morphogenesis of the mammalian secondary plate is a series of highly dynamic developmental process, including the palate shelves vertical outgrowth, elevation to the horizontal plane and complete fusion in the midline. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins not only form the basic infrastructure for palatal mesenchymal cells to adhere via integrins but also interact with cells to regulate their functions such as proliferation and differentiation. ECM remodeling is essential for palatal outgrowth, expansion, elevation, and fusion. Multiple signaling pathways important for palatogenesis such as FGF, TGF β, BMP, and SHH remodels ECM dynamics. Dysregulation of ECM such as HA synthesis or ECM breakdown enzymes MMPs or ADAMTS causes cleft palate in mouse models. A better understanding of ECM remodeling will contribute to revealing the pathogenesis of cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunman Li
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, China
| | - Zeyao Zhu
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University , Shenzhen, China
| | - Wood Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Ou Sha
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, China
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8
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Zanella M, Vitriolo A, Andirko A, Martins PT, Sturm S, O’Rourke T, Laugsch M, Malerba N, Skaros A, Trattaro S, Germain PL, Mihailovic M, Merla G, Rada-Iglesias A, Boeckx C, Testa G. Dosage analysis of the 7q11.23 Williams region identifies BAZ1B as a major human gene patterning the modern human face and underlying self-domestication. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw7908. [PMID: 31840056 PMCID: PMC6892627 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw7908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We undertook a functional dissection of chromatin remodeler BAZ1B in neural crest (NC) stem cells (NCSCs) from a uniquely informative cohort of typical and atypical patients harboring 7q11.23 copy number variants. Our results reveal a key contribution of BAZ1B to NCSC in vitro induction and migration, coupled with a crucial involvement in NC-specific transcriptional circuits and distal regulation. By intersecting our experimental data with new paleogenetic analyses comparing modern and archaic humans, we found a modern-specific enrichment for regulatory changes both in BAZ1B and its experimentally defined downstream targets, thereby providing the first empirical validation of the human self-domestication hypothesis and positioning BAZ1B as a master regulator of the modern human face. In so doing, we provide experimental evidence that the craniofacial and cognitive/behavioral phenotypes caused by alterations of the Williams-Beuren syndrome critical region can serve as a powerful entry point into the evolution of the modern human face and prosociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zanella
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitriolo
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alejandro Andirko
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Tiago Martins
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefanie Sturm
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas O’Rourke
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Laugsch
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natascia Malerba
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Adrianos Skaros
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Trattaro
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre-Luc Germain
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- D-HEST Institute for Neuroscience, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marija Mihailovic
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alvaro Rada-Iglesias
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Cedric Boeckx
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Human Technopole, Center for Neurogenomics, Via Cristina Belgioioso 171, Milan, Italy
- Corresponding author. , ,
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Logan SM, Ruest LB, Benson MD, Svoboda KKH. Extracellular Matrix in Secondary Palate Development. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1543-1556. [PMID: 31513730 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The secondary palate arises from outgrowths of epithelia-covered embryonic mesenchyme that grow from the maxillary prominence, remodel to meet over the tongue, and fuse at the midline. These events require the coordination of cell proliferation, migration, and gene expression, all of which take place in the context of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Palatal cells generate their ECM, and then stiffen, degrade, or otherwise modify its properties to achieve the required cell movement and organization during palatogenesis. The ECM, in turn, acts on the cells through their matrix receptors to change their gene expression and thus their phenotype. The number of ECM-related gene mutations that cause cleft palate in mice and humans is a testament to the crucial role the matrix plays in palate development and a reminder that understanding that role is vital to our progress in treating palate deformities. This article will review the known ECM constituents at each stage of palatogenesis, the mechanisms of tissue reorganization and cell migration through the palatal ECM, the reciprocal relationship between the ECM and gene expression, and human syndromes with cleft palate that arise from mutations of ECM proteins and their regulators. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun M Logan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - L Bruno Ruest
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - M Douglas Benson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kathy K H Svoboda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
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Li J, Rodriguez G, Han X, Janečková E, Kahng S, Song B, Chai Y. Regulatory Mechanisms of Soft Palate Development and Malformations. J Dent Res 2019; 98:959-967. [PMID: 31150594 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519851786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefting is the most common congenital craniofacial malformation, appearing in approximately 1 in 700 live births. Orofacial clefting includes several distinct anatomic malformations affecting the upper lip and hard and soft palate. The etiology of orofacial clefting is multifactorial, including genetic or environmental factors or their combination. A large body of work has focused on the molecular etiology of cleft lip and clefts of the hard palate, but study of the underlying etiology of soft palate clefts is an emerging field. Recent advances in the understanding of soft palate development suggest that it may be regulated by distinct pathways from those implicated in hard palate development. Soft palate clefting leads to muscle misorientation and oropharyngeal deficiency and adversely affects speech, swallowing, breathing, and hearing. Hence, there is an important need to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of soft palate development. Significantly, the anatomy, function, and development of soft palatal muscles are similar in humans and mice, rendering the mouse an excellent model for investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms of soft palate clefts. Cranial neural crest-derived cells provide important regulatory cues to guide myogenic progenitors to differentiate into muscles in the soft palate. Signals from the palatal epithelium also play key roles via tissue-tissue interactions mediated by Tgf-β, Wnt, Fgf, and Hh signaling molecules. Additionally, mutations in transcription factors, such as Dlx5, Tbx1, and Tbx22, have been associated with soft palate clefting in humans and mice, suggesting that they play important regulatory roles during soft palate development. Finally, we highlight the importance of distinguishing specific types of soft palate defects in patients and developing relevant animal models for each of these types to improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of soft palate development. This knowledge will provide a foundation for improving treatment for patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G Rodriguez
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - X Han
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Janečková
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Kahng
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Song
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Chai
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Nara M, Kitamura K, Yamamoto M, Nagakura R, Mitomo K, Matsunaga S, Abe S. Developmental mechanism of muscle-tendon-bone complex in the fetal soft palate. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 82:71-78. [PMID: 28618344 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate how the palatine aponeurosis, medial pterygoid process (MPP) of the sphenoid bone, and tensor veli palatini (TVP) muscle form the pulley: muscle-tendon-bone complex. DESIGN Mice at embryonic day (ED) 14-17 were used as sample in this study. Azan staining was performed to observe the morphology, and immunohistochemical staining of desmin was performed to closely observe the development of the myotendinous junction. To confirm the bone formation process, immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen (col II), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were performed. Furthermore, to objectively evaluate bone formation, the major axis and width of the MPP were measured, and osteoclasts that appeared in the MPP were counted. RESULTS At ED 14 and 14.5, ALP showed a reaction throughout the MPP. The col II-positive area expanded until ED 16.5, but it was markedly reduced at ED 17. The TVP initially contacted with the palatine aponeurosis at ED 16.5. The major axis and width of the MPP and the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts were significantly increased as the TVP and palatine aponeurosis joined. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, in addition to the tissue units: muscle, tendon, and bone, the interaction in organogenesis promotes rapid growth of the pulley: muscle-tendon-bone complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyuki Nara
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kitamura
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masahito Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nagakura
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mitomo
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsunaga
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
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Chiquet M, Blumer S, Angelini M, Mitsiadis TA, Katsaros C. Mesenchymal Remodeling during Palatal Shelf Elevation Revealed by Extracellular Matrix and F-Actin Expression Patterns. Front Physiol 2016; 7:392. [PMID: 27656150 PMCID: PMC5013070 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During formation of the secondary palate in mammalian embryos, two vertically oriented palatal shelves rapidly elevate into a horizontal position above the tongue, meet at the midline, and fuse to form a single entity. Previous observations suggested that elevation occurs by a simple 90° rotation of the palatal shelves. More recent findings showed that the presumptive midline epithelial cells are not located at the tips of palatal shelves before elevation, but mostly toward their medial/lingual part. This implied extensive tissue remodeling during shelf elevation. Nevertheless, it is still not known how the shelf mesenchyme reorganizes during this process, and what mechanism drives it. To address this question, we mapped the distinct and restricted expression domains of certain extracellular matrix components within the developing palatal shelves. This procedure allowed to monitor movements of entire mesenchymal regions relative to each other during shelf elevation. Consistent with previous notions, our results confirm a flipping movement of the palatal shelves anteriorly, whereas extensive mesenchymal reorganization is observed more posteriorly. There, the entire lingual portion of the vertical shelves moves close to the midline after elevation, whereas the mesenchyme at the original tip of the shelves ends up ventrolaterally. Moreover, we observed that the mesenchymal cells of elevating palatal shelves substantially align their actin cytoskeleton, their extracellular matrix, and their nuclei in a ventral to medial direction. This indicates that, like in other morphogenetic processes, actin-dependent cell contractility is a major driving force for mesenchymal tissue remodeling during palatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Chiquet
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Medical Faculty, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susan Blumer
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Medical Faculty, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Angelini
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Medical Faculty, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Center for Dental Medicine, Institute for Oral Biology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Medical Faculty, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
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Higa A, Oka K, Kira-Tatsuoka M, Tamura S, Itaya S, Toda M, Ozaki M, Sawa Y. Intracellular Signaling Pathway Activation via TGF-β Differs in the Anterior and Posterior Axis During Palatal Development. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.25.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Higa
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Kyoko Oka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Michiko Kira-Tatsuoka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Shougo Tamura
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Satoshi Itaya
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Masako Toda
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Masao Ozaki
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College
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A Comprehensive Study of Soft Palate Development in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145018. [PMID: 26671681 PMCID: PMC4687642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is one of the most common congenital birth defects. Tremendous efforts have been made over the last decades towards understanding hard palate development. However, little is known about soft palate morphogenesis and myogenesis. Finding an appropriate surgical repair to restore physiological functions of the soft palate in patients with cleft palate is a major challenge for surgeons, and complete restoration is not always achievable. Here, we first analyzed the morphology, orientation and attachments of the four muscles of the murine soft palate and found that they are very similar to their counterparts in humans, validating the use of mus musculus as a model for future studies. Our data suggests that muscle differentiation extends from the lateral region to the midline following palatal fusion. We also detected an epithelial seam in the fusing soft palatal shelves, consistent with the process of fusion of the posterior palatal shelves, followed by degradation of the epithelial remnants. Innervation and vascularization are present mainly in the oral side of the soft palate, complementing the differentiated muscles. Cell lineage tracing using Wnt1-Cre;Zsgreenfl/fl mice indicated that all the tendons and mesenchyme embedding the soft palate muscles are neural crest-derived. We propose that the posterior attachment of the soft palate to the pharyngeal wall is an interface between the neural crest- and mesoderm-derived mesenchyme in the craniofacial region, and thus can serve as a potential model for the study of boundaries during development. Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive view of the development and morphology of the murine soft palate and serves as a reference for further molecular analyses.
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The expression of periostin in dental pulp cells. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:760-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kobayashi F, Yamamoto M, Kitamura K, Asuka K, Kinoshita H, Matsunaga S, Abe SI. Desmin and Vimentin Expression during Embryonic Development of Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle in Mice. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.24.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kishi Asuka
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Morphological Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry
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Mima J, Koshino A, Oka K, Uchida H, Hieda Y, Nohara K, Kogo M, Chai Y, Sakai T. Regulation of the epithelial adhesion molecule CEACAM1 is important for palate formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61653. [PMID: 23613893 PMCID: PMC3629100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate results from a mixture of genetic and environmental factors and occurs when the bilateral palatal shelves fail to fuse. The objective of this study was to search for new genes involved in mouse palate formation. Gene expression of murine embryonic palatal tissue was analyzed at various developmental stages before, during, and after palate fusion using GeneChip® microarrays. Ceacam1 was one of the highly up-regulated genes during palate formation, and this was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Immunohistochemical staining showed that CEACAM1 was present in prefusion palatal epithelium and was degraded during fusion. To investigate the developmental role of CEACAM1, function-blocking antibody was added to embryonic mouse palate in organ culture. Palatal fusion was inhibited by this function-blocking antibody. To investigate the subsequent developmental role of CEACAM1, we characterized Ceacam1-deficient (Ceacam1−/−) mice. Epithelial cells persisted abnormally at the midline of the embryonic palate even on day E16.0, and palatal fusion was delayed in Ceacam1−/− mice. TGFβ3 expression, apoptosis, and cell proliferation in palatal epithelium were not affected in the palate of Ceacam1−/−mice. However, CEACAM1 expression was retained in the remaining MEE of TGFβ-deficient mice. These results suggest that CEACAM1 has roles in the initiation of palatal fusion via epithelial cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Mima
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aya Koshino
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Oka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Uchida
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohki Hieda
- Department of Biology, Osaka Dental University, Kuzuha, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanji Nohara
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kogo
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United State of America
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Gosau M, Götz W, Felthaus O, Ettl T, Jäger A, Morsczeck C. Comparison of the differentiation potential of neural crest derived progenitor cells from apical papilla (dNC-PCs) and stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) into mineralising cells. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 58:699-706. [PMID: 23261253 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, cells from the apical papilla of retained human third molars (dental neural crest-derived progenitor cells, dNC-PCs) have been isolated and characterised as multipotent progenitor cells. Nonetheless, molecular processes during differentiation into mineralising cells are still unknown. This study evaluated the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of dNC-PCs under in vitro conditions and compared these cells with already known odontoblast precursor cells (dental stem cells from exfoliated human deciduous teeth, SHED). METHODS The differentiation of dNC-PCs and SHED under in vitro conditions was verified by Alizarin red staining (mineralisation), alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of osteogenic/odontogenic markers (RT-PCRs). The genome wide expression-profiles were investigated with Affymetrix DNA-microarrays and the cell migration with a gel spot cell migration assay. RESULTS In our study dNC-PCs differentiated like SHED in mineralising cells. The expression of odontoblast markers suggested that dNC-PCs and SHED differentiated into different types of odontoblasts. This supposition was supported by genome wide gene expression profiles of dNC-PCs and SHED after cell differentiation. Typical biological processes of undifferentiated cells, for example "mitosis", were regulated in dNC-PCs. In SHED biological processes like "response to wounding" or "cell migration" were regulated, which are associated with replacement odontoblasts and their precursors. Moreover, a gel-spot assay revealed that SHED migrated faster than dNC-PCs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that dNC-PCs are precursors for primary odontoblasts, whereas SHED differentiate into replacement odontoblasts. These different odontogenic differentiation potentials of dNC-PCs and SHED have to be considered for cellular therapies and tissue engineering approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gosau
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany.
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