1
|
Hii EPW, Ramanathan A, Pandarathodiyil AK, Wong GR, Sekhar EVS, Binti Talib R, Zaini ZM, Zain RB. Homeobox Genes in Odontogenic Lesions: A Scoping Review. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:218-232. [PMID: 36344906 PMCID: PMC10063701 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeobox genes play crucial roles in tooth morphogenesis and development and thus mutations in homeobox genes cause developmental disorders such as odontogenic lesions. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and compile available data from the literatures on the topic of homeobox gene expression in odontogenic lesions. METHOD An electronic search to collate all the information on studies on homeobox gene expression in odontogenic lesions was carried out in four databases (PubMed, EBSCO host, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) with selected keywords. All papers which reported expression of homeobox genes in odontogenic lesions were considered. RESULTS A total of eleven (11) papers describing expression of homeobox genes in odontogenic lesions were identified. Methods of studies included next generation sequencing, microarray analysis, RT-PCR, Western blotting, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. The homeobox reported in odontogenic lesions includes LHX8 and DLX3 in odontoma; PITX2, MSX1, MSX2, DLX, DLX2, DLX3, DLX4, DLX5, DLX6, ISL1, OCT4 and HOX C in ameloblastoma; OCT4 in adenomatoid odontogenic tumour; PITX2 and MSX2 in primordial odontogenic tumour; PAX9 and BARX1 in odontogenic keratocyst; PITX2, ZEB1 and MEIS2 in ameloblastic carcinoma while there is absence of DLX2, DLX3 and MSX2 in clear cell odontogenic carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS This paper summarized and reviews the possible link between homeobox gene expression in odontogenic lesions. Based on the current available data, there are insufficient evidence to support any definite role of homeobox gene in odontogenic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Pey Wen Hii
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Gou Rean Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E V Soma Sekhar
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Zuraiza Mohamad Zaini
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Drosophila Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase (Hipk) Phosphorylates the Homeodomain Proteins Homeobrain, Empty Spiracles, and Muscle Segment Homeobox. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081931. [PMID: 31010135 PMCID: PMC6515119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (Hipk) is the fly representative of the well-conserved group of HIPKs in vertebrates. It was initially found through its characteristic interactions with homeodomain proteins. Hipk is involved in a variety of important developmental processes, such as the development of the eye or the nervous system. In the present study, we set Hipk and the Drosophila homeodomain proteins Homeobrain (Hbn), Empty spiracles (Ems), and Muscle segment homeobox (Msh) in an enzyme-substrate relationship. These homeoproteins are transcription factors that function during Drosophila neurogenesis and are, at least in part, conserved in vertebrates. We reveal a physical interaction between Hipk and the three homeodomain proteins in vivo using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). In the course of in vitro phosphorylation analysis and subsequent mutational analysis we mapped several Hipk phosphorylation sites of Hbn, Ems, and Msh. The phosphorylation of Hbn, Ems, and Msh may provide further insight into the function of Hipk during development of the Drosophila nervous system.
Collapse
|
3
|
Odontological analysis of Polish children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth size, being the effect of interaction of genetic and prenatal factors, could be of importance in interpreting the multifactor causes of cleft lip/palate. Publications indicating decreased tooth parameters, no dental differences, or larger dimensions of teeth in cleft lip/palate patients. Researchers report mostly mesiodistal (MD) measurements of maxillary (affected) teeth. There is a lack of data for buccolingual (BL) diameters. Both MD and BL parameters have influence on the planning and performance of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this paper was to assess differences in mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth dimensions in Polish children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in comparison to patients without oral clefts. A total of 1883 permanent teeth, 1182 teeth of UCLP patients and 701 teeth of healthy participants were analyzed. Tooth diameters were performed using an orthodontic cast of dentition with a digital odontometer. The greatest anomalies were found in both maxillary canines and consisted of their reduced mesiodistal dimension and increased buccolingual dimension, resulting in a pathologically high crown shape index (BL/MD). Conclusion can be drawn that unilateral cleft lip and palate is a condition that causes morphological disturbances of varying severity in most mandibular and maxillary teeth both on the cleft and non-cleft sides.
Collapse
|
4
|
Crivelini MM, Oliveira DT, de Mesquita RA, de Sousa SCOM, Loyola AM. Kallikrein 4 and matrix metalloproteinase-20 immunoexpression in malignant, benign and infiltrative odontogenic tumors. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 20:246-51. [PMID: 27601817 PMCID: PMC4989555 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.185927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP20) (enamelysin) and kallikrein 4 (KLK4) are enzymes secreted by ameloblasts that play an important role in enamel matrix degradation during amelogenesis. However, studies have shown that neoplastic cells can produce such enzymes, which may affect the tumor infiltrative and metastatic behaviors. AIMS The aim of this study is to assess the biological role of MMP20 and KLK4 in odontogenic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The enzymes were analyzed immunohistochemically in ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, keratocystic odontogenic tumor with or without recurrence and odontogenic carcinoma. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Clinicopathological parameters were statistically correlated with protein expression using the Fisher's exact test. Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon-independent methods were used to evaluate the differences in median values. RESULTS Positive Immunoexpression was detected in all benign lesions, with a prevalence of 75-100% immunolabeled cells. Patients were predominantly young, Caucasian, female, with slow-growing tumors located in the mandible causing asymptomatic swelling. No KLK4 expression was seen in carcinomas, and the amount of MMP20-positive cells varied between 20% and 80%. Rapid evolution, recurrence and age >60 years characterized the malignant nature of these lesions. CONCLUSIONS Data showed that KLK4 and MMP20 enzymes may not be crucial to tumoral infiltrative capacity, especially in malignant tumors, considering the diversity and peculiarity of these lesions. The significant immunoexpression in benign lesions, remarkably in AOT, is likely associated with differentiated tumor cells that can produce and degrade enamel matrix-like substances. This would be expected since the histogenesis of odontogenic tumors commonly comes from epithelium that recently performed a secretory activity in tooth formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Macedo Crivelini
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Propedeutics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Denise Tostes Oliveira
- Department of Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves de Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Motta Loyola
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santos EMS, Santos HO, dos Santos Dias I, Santos SH, Batista de Paula AM, Feltenberger JD, Sena Guimarães AL, Farias LC. Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Genes Involved in the Pathogenesis of Ameloblastoma and Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2016; 5:199-219. [PMID: 28357197 PMCID: PMC5353982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of odontogenic tumors is not well known. It is important to identify genetic deregulations and molecular alterations. This study aimed to investigate, through bioinformatic analysis, the possible genes involved in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma (AM) and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT). Genes involved in the pathogenesis of AM and KCOT were identified in GeneCards. Gene list was expanded, and the gene interactions network was mapped using the STRING software. "Weighted number of links" (WNL) was calculated to identify "leader genes" (highest WNL). Genes were ranked by K-means method and Kruskal-Wallis test was used (P<0.001). Total interactions score (TIS) was also calculated using all interaction data generated by the STRING database, in order to achieve global connectivity for each gene. The topological and ontological analyses were performed using Cytoscape software and BinGO plugin. Literature review data was used to corroborate the bioinformatics data. CDK1 was identified as leader gene for AM. In KCOT group, results show PCNA and TP53. Both tumors exhibit a power law behavior. Our topological analysis suggested leader genes possibly important in the pathogenesis of AM and KCOT, by clustering coefficient calculated for both odontogenic tumors (0.028 for AM, zero for KCOT). The results obtained in the scatter diagram suggest an important relationship of these genes with the molecular processes involved in AM and KCOT. Ontological analysis for both AM and KCOT demonstrated different mechanisms. Bioinformatics analyzes were confirmed through literature review. These results may suggest the involvement of promising genes for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of AM and KCOT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Macedo Sobrinho Santos
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais-Campus Araçuaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucyana Conceição Farias
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Corresponding author: Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria Laboratório de Pesquisa em Saúde Avenida Cula Mangabeira, 562 Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qin H, Cai J. Axis inhibition protein 2 polymorphisms may be a risk factor for families with isolated oligodontia. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1899-904. [PMID: 25377791 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to search for Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1), paired box gene 9 (PAX9), ectodysplasin‑A (EDA) and axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2) variants in a family with isolated oligodontia and analyse the pathogenesis of mutations that result in oligodontia phenotypes. Members of a single family (but of different descent) with oligodontia and unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples. Mutation analysis was performed by amplifying MSX1, PAX9, EDA and AXIN2 exons as well as their exon‑intron boundaries and sequencing the products. DNA sequencing of the AXIN2 gene revealed three mutations in the two patients with oligodontia: a homozygotic silent mutation c.1365A>G (p.Pro455=) in exon 3, two c.956+16A>G mutations (II‑1: homozygosis; III‑1: heterozygosis) and c.1200+71A>G (homozygosis) in the intron, which possibly contributed to structural and functional changes in proteins. The heterozygotic mutations c.1365A>G and c.1200+71A>G were identified in the proband's mother (II‑2). No mutations were detected in the MSX1, PAX9 and EDA genes of oligodontia patients. The findings suggest that the c.956+16A>G, c.1365A>G and c.1200+71A>G mutations of AXIN2 may be responsible for the oligodontia phenotype in this family, but these findings require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jhamb T, Kramer JM. Molecular concepts in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma: implications for therapeutics. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:345-53. [PMID: 25194300 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic neoplasm that may exhibit aggressive biological behavior as evidenced by its rapid growth and significance recurrence rates following initial surgical resection. Currently, the only therapy for ameloblastoma is surgical, and adjunctive treatment modalities are needed to mitigate tumor growth and to reduce the need for extensive and disfiguring surgeries. Many studies have identified markers expressed by ameloblastoma and these lend insight to our understanding of tumor progression. This review provides a summary of the specific molecular pathways implicated in tumor pathogenesis, including those involved in bone remodeling, apoptosis, cell signaling, and tumor suppression. Based on these data, we identify several prognostic or therapeutic markers that have been used successfully in the treatment of other neoplastic processes that may also have diagnostic and prognostic utility for ameloblastoma. Thus, it is important to determine which markers hold the greatest promise for clinical management of this benign neoplasm in order to improve treatment options, particularly in patients with aggressive forms of ameloblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Jhamb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jill M Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pathogenesis and nomenclature of odontogenic carcinomas: revisited. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2014; 2014:197425. [PMID: 24799899 PMCID: PMC3985316 DOI: 10.1155/2014/197425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Odontogenic carcinoma is rare group of malignant epithelial odontogenic neoplasms with characteristic clinical behavior and histological features, which requires an aggressive surgical approach. The pathogenesis of this rare group remains still controversial and there have been many varied opinions over the classification of this rare group of lesions. As there have not been many reviews on odontogenic carcinoma, the existing knowledge is mostly derived from the published case reports. This review is discussing the pathogenetic mechanisms and is updating the knowledge on nomenclature system of less explored odontogenic carcinomas. This review might throw light on the pathogenesis and nomenclature system of odontogenic carcinoma and this knowledge may be applied therapeutically.
Collapse
|
9
|
Castaneda B, Simon Y, Ferbus D, Robert B, Chesneau J, Mueller C, Berdal A, Lézot F. Role of RANKL (TNFSF11)-dependent osteopetrosis in the dental phenotype of Msx2 null mutant mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80054. [PMID: 24278237 PMCID: PMC3836916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The MSX2 homeoprotein is implicated in all aspects of craniofacial skeletal development. During postnatal growth, MSX2 is expressed in all cells involved in mineralized tissue formation and plays a role in their differentiation and function. Msx2 null (Msx2 (-/-)) mice display complex craniofacial skeleton abnormalities with bone and tooth defects. A moderate form osteopetrotic phenotype is observed, along with decreased expression of RANKL (TNFSF11), the main osteoclast-differentiating factor. In order to elucidate the role of such an osteopetrosis in the Msx2 (-/-) mouse dental phenotype, a bone resorption rescue was performed by mating Msx2 (-/-) mice with a transgenic mouse line overexpressing Rank (Tnfrsf11a). Msx2 (-/-) Rank(Tg) mice had significant improvement in the molar phenotype, while incisor epithelium defects were exacerbated in the enamel area, with formation of massive osteolytic tumors. Although compensation for RANKL loss of function could have potential as a therapy for osteopetrosis, but in Msx2 (-/-) mice, this approach via RANK overexpression in monocyte-derived lineages, amplified latent epithelial tumor development in the peculiar continuously growing incisor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Castaneda
- INSERM, UMR 872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Equipe 5, Paris, F-75006 France; Université Paris-5, Paris, F-75006; Université Paris-6, Paris, F-75006 France; Université Paris-7, Paris, F-75006 France ; Department of Basic Studies, Faculty of Odontology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qin H, Xu HZ, Xuan K. Clinical and genetic evaluation of a Chinese family with isolated oligodontia. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1180-6. [PMID: 23731659 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oligodontia is defined as the congenital absence of 6 or more permanent teeth excluding the third molar. Tooth agenesis may be classified as syndromic/non-syndromic and as familial/sporadic. To date, more than 300 genes have been found to be involved in tooth development, but only a few of these genes, such as MSX1, PAX9 and AXIN2, are related to the condition of non-syndromic oligodontia. The objective of the present work was to investigate the disease-causing gene of non-syndromic oligodontia in a Han Chinese family and analyse the pathogenesis of mutations that result in oligodontia. DESIGN We examined all individuals of the oligodontia family by clinical and radiographic examinations. Based on the clinical manifestations, the candidate genes MSX, PAX9 and AXIN2 were selected to analyse and screen for mutations. RESULTS The clinical evaluation suggested that the family might show non-syndromic oligodontia. DNA sequencing of the MSX1 gene revealed two mutations in the two patients with oligodontia: a heterozygotic silent mutation, c.348C>T (P.Gly116=), in exon 1 and a homozygotic deletion of 11 nucleotides (c.469+56delins GCCGGGTGGGG) in the intron. However, the silent mutation and the deletion mutation were thought to be known polymorphisms (rs34165410 and rs34341187) by bioinformatics analysis. We did not detect any mutations in the PAX9 and AXIN2 genes of oligodontia patients. CONCLUSION Our finding suggests that identified polymorphisms (c.348C>T and c.469+56delins GCCGGGTGGGG) may be responsible for the oligodontia phenotype in this Chinese family, but the association requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- Department of Dentistry, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, 182 Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schiavo G, D'Antò V, Cantile M, Procino A, Di Giovanni S, Valletta R, Terracciano L, Baumhoer D, Jundt G, Cillo C. Deregulated HOX genes in ameloblastomas are located in physical contiguity to keratin genes. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3206-15. [PMID: 21732412 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the HOX gene network in mid-stage human tooth development mostly concerns the epithelial tooth germ compartment and involves the C and D HOX loci. To further dissect the HOX gene implication with tooth epithelium differentiation we compared the expression of the whole HOX network in human ameloblastomas, as paradigm of epithelial odontogenic tumors, with tooth germs. We identified two ameloblastoma molecular types with respectively low and high number of active HOX C genes. The highly expressing HOX C gene ameloblastomas were characterized by a strong keratinized phenotype. Locus C HOX genes are located on chromosome 12q13-15 in physical contiguity with one of the two keratin gene clusters included in the human genome. The most posterior HOX C gene, HOX C13, is capable to interact with hair keratin genes located on the other keratin gene cluster in physical contiguity with the HOX B locus on chromosome 17q21-22. Inside the HOX C locus, a 2.2 kb ncRNA (HOTAIR) able to repress transcription, in cis, along the entire HOX C locus and, in trans, at the posterior region of the HOX D locus has recently been identified. Interestingly both loci are deregulated in ameloblastomas. Our finding support an important role of the HOX network in characterizing the epithelial tooth compartment. Furthermore, the physical contiguity between locus C HOX and keratin genes in normal tooth epithelium and their deregulation in the neoplastic counterparts suggest they may act on the same mechanism potentially involved with epithelial tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Schiavo
- Institute of Pathology-Molecular Pathology Division, University of Basel, Schonbeinstrasse 40, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wehrhan F, Hyckel P, Amann K, Ries J, Stockmann P, Schlegel K, Neukam F, Nkenke E. Msx-1 is suppressed in bisphosphonate-exposed jaw bone analysis of bone turnover-related cell signalling after bisphosphonate treatment. Oral Dis 2011; 17:433-42. [PMID: 21366807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone-destructive disease treatments include bisphosphonates and antibodies against receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand (aRANKL). Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a side-effect. Aetiopathology models failed to explain their restriction to the jaw. The osteoproliferative transcription factor Msx-1 is expressed constitutively only in mature jaw bone. Msx-1 expression might be impaired in bisphosphonate-related ONJ. This study compared the expression of Msx-1, Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-2 and RANKL, in ONJ-affected and healthy jaw bone. MATERIAL AND METHODS An automated immunohistochemistry-based alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase method was used on ONJ-affected and healthy jaw bone samples (n = 20 each): cell-number ratio (labelling index, Bonferroni adjustment). Real-time RT-PCR was performed to quantitatively compare Msx-1, BMP-2, RANKL and GAPDH mRNA levels. RESULTS Labelling indices were significantly lower for Msx-1 (P < 0.03) and RANKL (P < 0.003) and significantly higher (P < 0.02) for BMP-2 in ONJ compared with healthy bone. Expression was sevenfold lower (P < 0.03) for Msx-1, 22-fold lower (P < 0.001) for RANKL and eightfold higher (P < 0.02) for BMP-2 in ONJ bone. CONCLUSIONS Msx-1, RANKL suppression and BMP-2 induction were consistent with the bisphosphonate-associated osteopetrosis and impaired bone remodelling in BP- and aRANKL-induced ONJ. Msx-1 suppression suggested a possible explanation of the exclusivity of ONJ in jaw bone. Functional analyses of Msx-1- RANKL interaction during bone remodelling should be performed in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Wehrhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bilodeau EA, Hoschar AP, Barnes EL, Hunt JL, Seethala RR. Clear cell carcinoma and clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a comparative clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Head Neck Pathol 2011; 5:101-7. [PMID: 21290202 PMCID: PMC3098331 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-011-0244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell carcinoma or hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) are rare, low-grade and typically indolent malignancies that can be diagnostically challenging. In this study the clinicopathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of 17 CCCs and 12 CCOCs are examined. The differential diagnosis of clear cell malignancies in the head and neck is discussed. The relationship of CCCs and CCOCs to other clear cell tumors on the basis of their immunohistochemical staining patterns is postulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Bilodeau
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Aaron P. Hoschar
- Department of Pathology, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - E. Leon Barnes
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jennifer L. Hunt
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA USA
| | - Raja R. Seethala
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pratap J, Lian JB, Stein GS. Metastatic bone disease: role of transcription factors and future targets. Bone 2011; 48:30-6. [PMID: 20561908 PMCID: PMC2958222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Progression of cancer from the earliest event of cell transformation through stages of tumor growth and metastasis at a distal site involves many complex biological processes. Underlying the numerous responses of cancer cells to the tumor microenvironment which support their survival, migration and metastasis are transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes reflecting properties of the tumor cell. A number of transcription factors have been identified that play key roles in promoting oncogenesis, tumor growth, metastasis and tissue destruction. Relevant to solid tumors and leukemias, tissue-specific transcription factors that are deregulated resulting from mutations, being silenced or aberrantly expressed, have been well characterized. These are the master transcription factors of the Runx family of genes, the focus of this review, with emphasis placed on Runx2 that is abnormally expressed at very high levels in cancer cell lines that are metastatic to bone. Recent evidence has identified a correlation of Runx2 levels in advanced stages of prostate and breast cancer and demonstrated that effective depletion of Runx2 by RNA interference inhibits migration and invasive properties of the cells prevents metastatic bone disease. This striking effect is consistent with the broad spectrum of Runx2 properties in activating many genes in tumor cells that have already been established as indicators of bone metastasis in poor prognosis. Potential strategies to translate these findings for therapeutic applications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitesh Pratap
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wehrhan F, Hyckel P, Ries J, Stockmann P, Nkenke E, Schlegel KA, Neukam FW, Amann K. Expression of Msx-1 is suppressed in bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis related jaw tissue-etiopathology considerations respecting jaw developmental biology-related unique features. J Transl Med 2010; 8:96. [PMID: 20942943 PMCID: PMC2973937 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone-destructive disease treatments include bisphosphonates and antibodies against the osteoclast differentiator, RANKL (aRANKL); however, osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a frequent side-effect. Current models fail to explain the restriction of bisphosphonate (BP)-related and denosumab (anti-RANKL antibody)-related ONJ to jaws. Msx-1 is exclusively expressed in craniofacial structures and pivotal to cranial neural crest (CNC)-derived periodontal tissue remodeling. We hypothesised that Msx-1 expression might be impaired in bisphosphonate-related ONJ. The study aim was to elucidate Msx-1 and RANKL-associated signal transduction (BMP-2/4, RANKL) in ONJ-altered and healthy periodontal tissue. Methods Twenty ONJ and twenty non-BP exposed periodontal samples were processed for RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. An automated staining-based alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase method was used to measure the stained cells:total cell-number ratio (labelling index, Bonferroni adjustment). Real-time RT-PCR was performed on ONJ-affected and healthy jaw periodontal samples (n = 20 each) to quantitatively compare Msx-1, BMP-2, RANKL, and GAPDH mRNA levels. Results Semi-quantitative assessment of the ratio of stained cells showed decreased Msx-1 and RANKL and increased BMP-2/4 (all p < 0.05) expression in ONJ-adjacent periodontal tissue. ONJ tissue also exhibited decreased relative gene expression for Msx-1 (p < 0.03) and RANKL (p < 0.03) and increased BMP-2/4 expression (p < 0.02) compared to control. Conclusions These results explain the sclerotic and osteopetrotic changes of periodontal tissue following BP application and substantiate clinical findings of BP-related impaired remodeling specific to periodontal tissue. RANKL suppression substantiated the clinical finding of impaired bone remodelling in BP- and aRANKL-induced ONJ-affected bone structures. Msx-1 suppression in ONJ-adjacent periodontal tissue suggested a bisphosphonate-related impairment in cellular differentiation that occurred exclusively jaw remodelling. Further research on developmental biology-related unique features of jaw bone structures will help to elucidate pathologies restricted to maxillofacial tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falk Wehrhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cho YD, Yoon WJ, Woo KM, Baek JH, Park JC, Ryoo HM. The canonical BMP signaling pathway plays a crucial part in stimulation of dentin sialophosphoprotein expression by BMP-2. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:36369-76. [PMID: 20843790 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.103093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), a typical dentin-specific protein, is mainly expressed in the dentin extracellular matrix and plays a role in dentin mineralization. BMP-2 provides a strong signal for differentiation and mineralization of odontoblasts and osteoblasts. Previously, BMP-2 treatment is reported to stimulate Dspp expression in the MD10-F2 pre-odontoblast cells through activation of the heterotrimeric transcription factor Y (NF-Y). The canonical BMP signaling pathway is known to contribute greatly to biomineralization, however, it is not known whether it is involved in Dspp expression. Here, we investigated this question. Activation of the canonical BMP-2 signaling pathway in MDPC-23, preodontoblast cell, by overexpression of constitutively active Smad1/5 or downstream transcription factors Dlx5 and Runx2 stimulated Dspp expression. Conversely, knockdown of each element with siRNA significantly blocked the BMP-2-induced Dspp expression. To test whether these transcription factors downstream of BMP-2 are directly involved in regulating Dspp, we analyzed the mouse Dspp promoter. There are 5 well conserved homeodomain binding elements, H1 to H5, in Dspp proximal promoter regions (-791 to +54). A serial deletion of H1 and H2 greatly changed basal promoter activity and responsiveness to Dlx5 or Msx2. However, further deletions did not change the responsiveness to Dlx5 or Msx2. H1 and H2 sites can be suggested as specific response elements of Dlx5 and Msx2, respectively, based on their promoter activity modulation. Thus, the canonical BMP-2 signaling pathway plays a crucial part in the regulation of Dspp expression through the action of Smads, Dlx5, Runx2, and Msx2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Dan Cho
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gilbert PM, Mouw JK, Unger MA, Lakins JN, Gbegnon MK, Clemmer VB, Benezra M, Licht JD, Boudreau NJ, Tsai KKC, Welm AL, Feldman MD, Weber BL, Weaver VM. HOXA9 regulates BRCA1 expression to modulate human breast tumor phenotype. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:1535-50. [PMID: 20389018 DOI: 10.1172/jci39534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1) expression is often reduced in sporadic breast tumors, even in the absence of BRCA1 genetic modifications, but the molecular basis for this is unknown. In this study, we identified homeobox A9 (HOXA9) as a gene frequently downregulated in human breast cancers and tumor cell lines and noted that reduced HOXA9 transcript levels associated with tumor aggression, metastasis, and patient mortality. Experiments revealed that loss of HOXA9 promoted mammary epithelial cell growth and survival and perturbed tissue morphogenesis. Restoring HOXA9 expression repressed growth and survival and inhibited the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells in culture and in a xenograft mouse model. Molecular studies showed that HOXA9 restricted breast tumor behavior by directly modulating the expression of BRCA1. Indeed, ectopic expression of wild-type BRCA1 phenocopied the tumor suppressor function of HOXA9, and reducing BRCA1 levels or function inhibited the antitumor activity of HOXA9. Consistently, HOXA9 expression correlated with BRCA1 in clinical specimens and with tumor aggression in patients lacking estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor expression in their breast tissue. These findings indicate that HOXA9 restricts breast tumor aggression by modulating expression of the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1, which we believe provides an explanation for the loss of BRCA1 expression in sporadic breast tumors in the absence of BRCA1 genetic modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penney M Gilbert
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kumamoto H. Molecular alterations in the development and progression of odontogenic tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3353/omp.14.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
19
|
Ruhin B, Descroix V, Picard A, Berdal A. [Maxillary and mandibular carcinogenesis: research and prospects]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 110:227-32. [PMID: 19679326 DOI: 10.1016/j.stomax.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Development and growth of odontogenic tumours depend on impairment of numerous genes and molecules. In recent years, most of the genes involved in dental development were identified. This produced a new basis for the study of oral pathology and maxillofacial carcinogenesis. A better understanding of these molecular phenomena should allow to better determine the evolution of such lesions. Research breakthroughs should facilitate the development of new molecular and genetic therapeutic perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ruhin
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et stomatologie, hôpital adulte de Pitié-Salpêtrière, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie-Paris 6, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|