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Mao G, Zheng S, Li J, Liu X, Zhou Q, Cao J, Zhang Q, Zheng L, Wang L, Qi C. Glipizide Combined with ANP Suppresses Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Inhibiting Angiogenesis through VEGF/VEGFR2 Signaling. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1735-1741. [PMID: 34515012 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210910085733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide among women, and angiogenesis has an important effect on its growth and metastasis. Glipizide, which is a widely used drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been reported to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by upregulating the expression of natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA). Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), the receptor of NPRA, plays an important role in angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of glipizide combined with ANP on breast cancer growth and metastasis. METHODS To investigate the effect of glipizide combined with ANP on breast cancer, glipizide, ANP or glipizide combined with ANP was intraperitoneally injected into MMTV-PyMT mice. To explore whether the anticancer efficacy of glipizide combined with ANP was correlated with angiogenesis, a tube formation assay was performed. RESULTS Glipizide combined with ANP was found to inhibit breast cancer growth and metastasis in MMTV-PyMT mice, which spontaneously develop breast cancer. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of ANP combined with glipizide was better than that of glipizide alone. ANP combined with glipizide significantly inhibited tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) signaling. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that glipizide combined with ANP has a greater potential than glipizide alone to be repurposed as effective agents for the treatment of breast cancer by targeting tumor-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanquan Mao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006. China
| | - Shuting Zheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006. China
| | - Jinlian Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006. China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006. China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006. China
| | - Jinghua Cao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006. China
| | - Lingyun Zheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006. China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006. China
| | - Cuiling Qi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006. China
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Serafino A, Pierimarchi P. Atrial natriuretic peptide: a magic bullet for cancer therapy targeting Wnt signaling and cellular pH regulators. Curr Med Chem 2015; 21:2401-9. [PMID: 24524761 PMCID: PMC4063317 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666140205140152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone playing a crucial role in
cardiovascular homeostasis mainly through blood volume and pressure regulation.
In the last years, the new property ascribed to ANP of inhibiting tumor growth
both in vitro and in vivo has made this peptide an attractive
candidate for anticancer therapy. The molecular mechanism underlying the
anti-proliferative effect of ANP has been mainly related to its interaction with
the specific receptors NPRs, through which this natriuretic hormone inhibits
some metabolic targets critical for cancer development, including the
Ras-MEK1⁄2-ERK1⁄2 kinase cascade, functioning as a multikinase inhibitor. In
this review we summarize the current knowledge on this topic, focusing on our
recent data demonstrating that the antitumor activity of this natriuretic
hormone is also mediated by a concomitant effect on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
and on the pH regulation ability of cancer cells, through a Frizzled-related
mechanism. This peculiarity of simultaneously targeting two processes crucial
for neoplastic transformation and solid tumor survival reinforces the utility of
ANP for the development of both preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Pierimarchi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology - National Research Council of Italy, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Manimala NJ, Frost CD, Lane ML, Higuera M, Beg R, Vesely DL. Cardiac hormones target nuclear oncogenes c-Fos and c-Jun in carcinoma cells. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:1156-62. [PMID: 23992401 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Fos is a cellular proto-oncogene which dimerizes with c-Jun proto-oncogene to form AP-1 transcription factor, which upregulates transcription of genes involved in proliferation and cancer formation. Four cardiac hormones, that is, long-acting natriuretic peptide (LANP), vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide (KP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) with anticancer effects in vivo are potent inhibitors of the Ras-MEK 1/2-ERK 1/2 kinase cascade and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) that activate c-Fos and c-Jun. These four cardiac hormones were investigated for their effects on proto-oncogenes c-Fos and c-Jun within the nucleus of cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four cardiac hormones were evaluated for their ability to decrease proto-oncogenes c-Fos and c-Jun, measured by ELISA in extracted nuclei of three human cancer cell lines. RESULTS Vessel dilator, LANP, KP and ANP over a concentration range of 100 pM-10 μM, maximally decreased c-Fos by 61%, 60%, 61% and 59% in human hepatocellular cancer cells, by 82%, 74%, 78% and 74% in small-cell lung cancer cells, and by 82%, 73%, 78% and 74% in human renal adenocarcinoma cells. c-Jun was maximally reduced by vessel dilator, LANP, KP and ANP by 43%, 31%, 61% and 35% in hepatocellular cancer cells, by 65%, 49%, 59% and 40% in small-cell lung cancer cells, and by 47%, 43%, 57% and 49% in renal cancer cells. CONCLUSION Four cardiac hormones are potent inhibitors of c-Fos and c-Jun proto-oncogenes within the nucleus of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Manimala
- Department of Medicine, James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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Serafino A, Moroni N, Psaila R, Zonfrillo M, Andreola F, Wannenes F, Mercuri L, Rasi G, Pierimarchi P. Anti-proliferative effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on colorectal cancer cells: Evidence for an Akt-mediated cross-talk between NHE-1 activity and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1004-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Vesely DL. Cardiac Hormones Target the Ras-MEK 1/2-ERK 1/2 Kinase Cancer Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:1182-94. [PMID: 24212659 PMCID: PMC3756409 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3011182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is a sophisticated endocrine gland synthesizing the atrial natriuretic peptide prohormone which contains four peptide hormones, i.e., atrial natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide and long-acting natriuretic peptide, which decrease up to 97% of human pancreatic, breast, colon, prostate, kidney and ovarian carcinomas as well as small-cell and squamous cell lung cancer cells in cell culture. In vivo, these four cardiac hormones eliminate up to 80% of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas, two-thirds of human breast cancers, and up to 86% of human small-cell lung cancers growing in athymic mice. Their signaling in cancer cells includes inhibition of up to 95% of the basal activity of Ras, 98% inhibition of the phosphorylation of the MEK 1/2 kinases and 97% inhibition of the activation of basal activity of the ERK 1/2 kinases mediated via the intracellular messenger cyclic GMP. They also completely block the activity of mitogens such as epidermal growth factor's ability to stimulate ERK and Ras. They do not inhibit the activity of ERK in healthy cells such as human fibroblasts. The final step in their anticancer mechanism of action is that they enter the nucleus as demonstrated by immunocytochemical studies to inhibit DNA synthesis within cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Vesely
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Cardiac Hormone Center, University of South Florida Health Sciences Center, J. A. Haley Veterans Medical Center-151, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
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Eichelbaum EJ, Sun Y, Alli AA, Gower WR, Vesely DL. Cardiac and kidney hormones cure up to 86% of human small-cell lung cancers in mice. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:562-70. [PMID: 18717826 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four cardiac hormones synthesized by the same gene, i.e. atrial natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, long acting natriuretic peptide and kaliuretic peptide, and the kidney hormone urodilatin have anticancer effects in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS These cardiac hormones and urodilatin were infused subcutaneously for 28 days with weekly fresh hormones since they lose biological effects at body temperature for more than a week at 0.3 nm kg(-1) body weight in athymic mice bearing human small-cell lung carcinomas. RESULTS Long acting natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide and urodilatin eliminated 86%, 71%, 57%, 43% (P < 0.001 for the cardiac hormones) and 25% (P < 0.05; urodilatin) of the human small-cell lung carcinomas. The treated small-cell lung carcinomas that were not cured grew rapidly, similar to the untreated controls, whose volume was 7 fold larger in 1 week, 18-fold increased in 2 weeks, 39-fold increased in 3 weeks, 63-fold increased in 1 month and 97-fold increased in volume in 6 weeks. One vessel dilator treated small-cell lung carcinoma animal developed a large tumour (8428 mm3 volume) on treatment and this tumour was eliminated with utilizing atrial natriuretic peptide and then long acting natriuretic peptide sequentially. CONCLUSIONS Four cardiac hormones eliminate up to 86% of human small-cell lung carcinomas in athymic mice. Urodilatin can also eliminate small-cell lung carcinomas but at a lower cure rate of 25%. Unresponsive lesions can be eliminated by utilizing different hormones synthesized by the atrial natriuretic peptide gene in a sequential manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Eichelbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Cardiac Hormone Centre and James A. Haley Veterans Medical Centre, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There will be an estimated 59,940 new cases of melanoma and 8,110 deaths from melanoma in the United States in 2007. There has been no improvement in survival with melanomas in the last 22 years, with current treatment indicating that new treatment(s) of melanoma are drastically needed. Four cardiac hormones ie, atrial natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, long-acting natriuretic peptide, and kaliuretic peptide, have significant anticancer effects in adenocarcinomas. METHODS Dose-response curves evaluated the effects of these cardiovascular hormones on cell death and DNA synthesis in several melanoma cell lines in culture for 96 hours. Receptors to mediate these peptide hormones effects were examined in the melanoma cells with Western blots. Their intracellular mediator-analog 8-bromo-cyclic GMP was used to determine if it could mimic their effects on decreasing melanoma cell number and DNA synthesis. RESULTS The four cardiac hormones caused cell death in up to 71% (P < 0.001) of the melanoma cells within 24 hours. Cardiac hormone receptors (NPR-A, -B, -C) were present on the melanoma cells, and each of the peptide hormones decreased DNA synthesis within the melanoma cells up to 73% (P < 0.001) at their 1-microM concentrations. 8-Bromo-cyclic GMP mimicked their effects, decreasing the number of melanoma cells up to 67% and their DNA synthesis by 58% (both at P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that 4 cardiac hormones have potent beneficial effects by increasing cell death in up to 71% of melanoma cells within 24 hours mediated in part by a 73% decrease in their DNA synthesis.
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Gower WR, Vesely BA, Alli AA, Vesely DL. Four peptides decrease human colon adenocarcinoma cell number and DNA synthesis via cyclic GMP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 36:77-87. [PMID: 16648657 DOI: 10.1385/ijgc:36:2:77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality from colon cancer is significant with an expected 30,350 colon cancer deaths in 2005 with current treatment(s). Long-acting natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide, and atrial natriuretic peptide have significant anticancer effects in breast and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. AIM OF STUDY Whether these peptide hormones have anticancer effects in colon adenocarcinoma cells and whether these effects are specifically mediated by cyclic GMP has not been determined. METHODS These peptide hormones were evaluated for anticancer effects in human colon adenocarcinoma cells and to determine whether their anticancer effects are specifically mediated by cyclic GMP. RESULTS There was a 89-97% decrease (p <0.001 for each) in colon adenocarcinoma cells within 24 h with 1 mM of these peptide hormones. There was a significant (p <0.05) decrease in human colon cancer cell number with each 10-fold increase in concentration from 1 to 1,000 microM (i.e., 1 mM) of these four peptide hormones without any proliferation in the 3 d following this decrease. These same hormones decreased DNA synthesis 65-83% (p <0.001). Cyclic GMP antibody inhibited 75- 80% of these peptides' ability to decrease colon adenocarcinoma cell number and inhibited 92-96% of their DNA synthesis effects and 97% of cyclic GMP's effects. Western blots revealed that for the first time natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR) A and C were present in colon adenocarcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Four peptide hormones eliminate up to 97% of colon cancer cells within 24 h with their DNA effects specifically mediated by cyclic GMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Gower
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Cardiac Hormone Center and James A. Haley Veterans Medical Center, Tampa, 33612, USA
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Vesely BA, Eichelbaum EJ, Alli AA, Sun Y, Gower WR, Vesely DL. Four cardiac hormones eliminate 4-fold more human glioblastoma cells than the green mamba snake peptide. Cancer Lett 2007; 254:94-101. [PMID: 17399891 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Revised: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Within 24h four cardiac hormones, i.e., vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide, and long acting natriuretic peptide decrease the number of human glioblastoma cells 75%, 68%, 67%, and 65% while Dendroaspis (green mamba) peptide caused a 17% decrease when each were utilized at 100 microM. The four cardiac hormones decreased DNA synthesis 65-87% and increased cyclic GMP 1.3- to 3.8-fold in the glioblastoma cells. Natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR)-A and -C were present. CONCLUSION four cardiac hormones eliminate up to 75% of glioblastoma cells via cyclic GMP-mediated up to 87% decrease in DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Vesely
- Department of Internal Medicine, James A Haley Veterans Medical Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Eichelbaum EJ, Vesely BA, Alli AA, Sun Y, Gower WR, Vesely DL. Four cardiac hormones eliminate up to 82% of human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells within 24 hours. Endocrine 2006; 30:325-32. [PMID: 17526945 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-006-0011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Four cardiac hormones, i.e., atrial natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, long-acting natriuretic peptide, and kaliuretic peptide, which have anticancer effects, were evaluated for the first time on any endocrine cancer to determine if they have anticancer effects in an endocrine cancer. These four cardiac hormones were evaluated for their anticancer, DNA synthesis, and receptor status in human medullary thyroid cancer cells. There was a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in human medullary thyroid cancer cells with each 10-fold increase from 1 to 100 microM of the four cardiac hormones. There was an 81%, 68%, 71%, and 66% elimination within 24 h of medullary thyroid cancer cells secondary to vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide, and long-acting natriuretic peptide, respectively (p < 0.0001). Three days after treatment with these peptide hormones, there was no proliferation of the medullary thyroid cancer cells. These cardiac hormones decreased DNA synthesis in the medullary thyroid cells from 65% to 84% (p < 0.0001). Western blots revealed natriuretic peptide receptors-A and -C were present in human medullary thyroid cancer cells. These results indicate the four cardiac hormones have potent anticancer effects by eliminating up to 82% of human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells within 24 h of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehrentraud J Eichelbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine, James A. Haley Veterans Medical Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Vesely BA, Eichelbaum EJ, Alli AA, Sun Y, Gower WR, Vesely DL. Urodilatin and four cardiac hormones decrease human renal carcinoma cell numbers. Eur J Clin Invest 2006; 36:810-9. [PMID: 17032349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality from renal-cell cancer remains a significant problem with an estimated 12,600 deaths in the United States in 2005 even with current treatment(s) of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy. Four cardiac natriuretic peptides, that is, atrial natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, long-acting natriuretic peptide and kaliuretic peptide have significant anti-cancer effects in breast, pancreatic, prostate and colon adenocarcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS These four peptide hormones plus brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-natriuretic peptide (CNP) and urodilatin, a peptide hormone formed in the kidney by a different post-translational processing of the atrial natriuretic peptide prohormone, were evaluated for their anti-cancer effects in renal carcinomas. RESULTS Dose-response curves revealed a significant (P < 0.0001) decrease in human renal carcinoma cells with each 10-fold increase in concentration from 1 microm to 100 microm of five of these peptide hormones. There was an 81%, 74%, 66%, 70% and 70% elimination within 24 h in renal carcinoma cells secondary to vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide, urodilatin, atrial natriuretic peptide and long-acting natriuretic peptide, respectively (P < 0.0001 for each), whereas BNP had no effect and CNP decreased renal cancer cell number by 10% (P = 0.04) at their 100 microm concentrations. Three days after treatment with these peptide hormones, the cancer cells began to proliferate again. The four cardiac hormones and urodilatin decreased DNA synthesis from 65-84% (P < 0.00001), whereas BNP and CNP decreased DNA synthesis 3% and 12% (both non-significant). Western blots revealed for the first time natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR)-A, -B and -C were present in the renal cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that urodilatin and the four cardiac hormones have potent anti-cancer effects by eliminating up to 81% of renal carcinoma cells within 24 h of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Vesely
- James A. Haley Veterans Medical Center and University of South Florida Health Sciences Center, Tampa, 33612, USA
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Vesely DL. Which of the cardiac natriuretic peptides is most effective for the treatment of congestive heart failure, renal failure and cancer? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33:169-76. [PMID: 16487258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac natriuretic peptides consist of a family of six peptide hormones that are synthesised by three separate genes and then stored as three separate prohormones (i.e. 126 amino acid atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), 108 amino acid B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and 103 amino acid C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) prohormones). The ANP prohormone contains four peptide hormones: long-acting natriuretic peptide (LANP), vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide and ANP. 2. Currently, the only natriuretic peptide available commercially to treat congestive heart failure (CHF) is BNP (Nesiritide/Natrecor; SCIOS, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), which causes a small increase in the urine volume of 90 38 mL/h compared with 67 27 mL/h and no significant natriuresis, but has beneficial haemodynamic effects in acute CHF individuals. These haemodynamic effects probably contribute to the side-effects of BNP in patients with acute CHF with a 27% incidence of hypotension and possibly to 22% worsening of renal function, defined as an increase in serum creatinine of 0.5 mg/dL, associated with a worse prognosis. A review of clinical trials suggests a twofold increased risk of death at 30 days post-nesiritide treatment, a finding that needs further investigation. 3. The best of the natriuretic peptides for treating chronic CHF is the vessel dilator, which increases urinary flow up to 13-fold and sodium excretion up to fourfold, without the previously mentioned side-effects. The natriuretic and diuretic effects of vessel dilators last 6 h, which would allow them to be used on a four times per day basis in treating chronic CHF. 4. Atrial natriuretic peptide does not cause significant improvement in acute renal failure (ARF) in humans. The only natriuretic peptide that significantly improves ARF is the vessel dilator. Even when ARF has been established for 2 days before treatment in an ischaemic ARF animal model, vessel dilator decreases serum creatinine from 8.2 0.5 to 0.98 0.12 mg/dL in 6 days. At day 6 of ARF, mortality decreases to 14% (from 88%) without the vessel dilator. After 6 days of treatment with the vessel dilator, the proximal and distal tubules regenerate. 5. In cancer, vessel dilator, LANP, kaliuretic peptide and ANP at 1 mmol/L, decrease up to 97% of human breast, pancreatic and prostate adenocarcinoma cells, as well as small cell and squamous cell lung cancer cells within 24 h. In vivo, vessel dilator, LANP and kaliuretic peptide completely stop the growth of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas in athymic mice and decrease their tumour volume by 49, 28 and 11%, respectively in 1 week.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Vesely
- University of South Florida Cardiac Hormone Center and James A Haley Veteran's Medical Center, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs) consist of a family of six peptide hormones that are synthesized by three different genes and then stored as three different prohormones. Within the 126-amino acid ANP prohormone are four peptide hormones: long-acting natriuretic peptide (LANP), vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide, and ANP, whose main known biologic properties are blood pressure regulation and maintenance of plasma volume. The newest discovered property of these peptide hormones is their anticancer effects. Vessel dilator, LANP, kaliuretic peptide, and ANP decrease the number of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells in culture by 65%, 47%, 37%, and 34%, respectively, within 24 hours at their 1 microM concentrations. Similar results have been found with breast adenocarcinomas, squamous cell lung cancer, and small cell lung cancer cells, each associated with an 83% or greater inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis by these four peptide hormones. Brain natriuretic peptide has no effects even when increased 100-fold (ie, 100 microM). C-type natriuretic peptide has no effects when increased 10-fold, but when increased 100-fold, it decreases 39% of the cancer cells. At this higher 100 microM concentration, vessel dilator kills 92% of the cancer cells within 24 hours. The four peptide hormones synthesized by the ANP gene given subcutaneously via osmotic pumps in athymic mice with human pancreatic adenocarcinomas completely stop the growth of these adenocarcinomas at 1 week. Vessel dilator, LANP, and kaliuretic peptide within 1 week decrease the volume by 49%, 28%, and 11% of the human pancreatic adenocarcinomas, which, with current anticancer treatment, have a mean survival of only 4 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Vesely
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Cardiac Hormone Center, Tampa, 33612, USA.
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Vesely BA, Alli AA, Song SJ, Gower WR, Sanchez-Ramos J, Vesely DL. Four peptide hormones' specific decrease (up to 97%) of human prostate carcinoma cells. Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35:700-10. [PMID: 16269020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality from prostate cancer remains a significant problem with current treatment(s), with an expected 30 350 deaths from prostate cancer in 2005. Long-acting natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide have significant anticancer effects in breast and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Whether these effects are specific and whether they have anticancer effects in prostate adenocarcinoma cells has not been determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS These peptide hormones were evaluated to determine if they have specific anticancer effects in human prostate adenocarcinomas. RESULTS Dose-response curves revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in human prostate cancer number with each tenfold increase in the concentration from 1 microM to 1000 microM (i.e. 1 mM) of these four peptide hormones. There was a 97.4%, 87%, 88% and 89% (P < 0.001 for each) decrease in prostate cancer cells secondary to vessel dilator, long-acting natriuretic peptide, kaliuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide, respectively, at their 1-mM concentrations within 24 h, without any proliferation in the 3 days following this decrease. These same hormones decreased DNA synthesis from 68% to 89% (P < 0.001). When utilized with their respective antibodies their ability to decrease prostate adenocarcinoma cells or inhibit their DNA synthesis was completely blocked. Western blots revealed that for the first time natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR) A- and C- were present in prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that these peptide hormones' anticancer effects are specific. Furthermore, they have very potent effects of eliminating up to 97% of prostate cancer cells within 24 h of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Vesely
- University of South Florida Cardiac Hormone Center and James A. Haley Veterans Medical Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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