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Okamura K, Inoue H, Tanaka K, Ikematsu Y, Furukawa R, Ota K, Yoneshima Y, Iwama E, Okamoto I. Immunostimulatory oncolytic activity of coxsackievirus A11 in human malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1095-1107. [PMID: 36369966 PMCID: PMC9986072 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive solid cancer with a poor prognosis, whereas coxsackievirus A11 (CVA11) is a potential oncolytic virus for cancer treatment. We here investigated the oncolytic activity of CVA11 with human MPM cell lines. CVA11 infection was cytotoxic in all six MPM cell lines examined and showed no or minimal cytotoxicity toward normal human normal cell lines. MPM cells with a higher surface level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression tended to be more susceptible to CVA11-induced cytotoxicity, and a neutralizing antibody to ICAM-1 attenuated such cytotoxicity. CVA11 infection activated signaling by Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, and inhibitors of such signaling also abrogated CVA11-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, CVA11 infection-triggered multiple modes of tumor cell death including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, and such death was accompanied by the release or exposure of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β and damage-associated molecular patterns such as calreticulin, high-mobility group box-1, annexin A1, and heat shock protein 70, which are hallmarks of immunogenic cell death. Notably, in vivo treatment of human MPM xenografts with intratumoral CVA11 injection resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth in SCID mice, and all mice infected with CVA11 showed no significant change in body weight. Our findings collectively suggest that the oncolytic activity of CVA11 for MPM is dependent on ICAM-1 as a virus receptor, as well as on Akt and ERK signaling, and that oncolytic virotherapy with CVA11 is a promising treatment modality with immunostimulatory activity for human MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Okamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Ikematsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Omuta Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rie Furukawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yasuto Yoneshima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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2
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Mak G, Soria JC, Blagden SP, Plummer R, Fleming RA, Nebot N, Zhang J, Mazumdar J, Rogan D, Gazzah A, Rizzuto I, Greystoke A, Yan L, Tolson J, Auger KR, Arkenau HT. A phase Ib dose-finding, pharmacokinetic study of the focal adhesion kinase inhibitor GSK2256098 and trametinib in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:975-981. [PMID: 30992546 PMCID: PMC6735221 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combined focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and MEK inhibition may provide greater anticancer effect than FAK monotherapy. Methods This dose-finding phase Ib study (adaptive 3 + 3 design) determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of trametinib and the FAK inhibitor GSK2256098 in combination. Eligible patients had mesothelioma or other solid tumours with probable mitogen activated protein kinase pathway activation. Adverse events (AEs), dose-limiting toxicities, disease progression and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics were analysed. Results Thirty-four subjects were enrolled. The GSK2256098/trametinib MTDs were 500 mg twice daily (BID)/0.375 mg once daily (QD) (high/low) and 250 mg BID/0.5 mg QD (low/high). The most common AEs were nausea, diarrhoea, decreased appetite, pruritus, fatigue and rash; none were grade 4. Systemic exposure to trametinib increased when co-administered with GSK2256098, versus trametinib monotherapy; GSK2256098 pharmacokinetics were unaffected by concomitant trametinib. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.8 weeks (95% CI: 6.1–24.1) in subjects with mesothelioma and was longer with Merlin-negative versus Merlin-positive tumours (15.0 vs 7.3 weeks). Conclusions Trametinib exposure increased when co-administered with GSK2256098, but not vice versa. Mesothelioma patients with loss of Merlin had longer PFS than subjects with wild-type, although support for efficacy with this combination was limited. Safety profiles were acceptable up to the MTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Mak
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, London, UK.,Cancer Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Drug Development Department at Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Sarah P Blagden
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth Plummer
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ronald A Fleming
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Noelia Nebot
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, PA, USA.,Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Jolly Mazumdar
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, PA, USA.,Chimeron Bio, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Debra Rogan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Anas Gazzah
- Drug Development Department at Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Ivana Rizzuto
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alastair Greystoke
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Li Yan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jerry Tolson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Kurt R Auger
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Hendrik-Tobias Arkenau
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, London, UK. .,Cancer Centre, University College London, London, UK.
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Moschos SJ, Sullivan RJ, Hwu WJ, Ramanathan RK, Adjei AA, Fong PC, Shapira-Frommer R, Tawbi HA, Rubino J, Rush TS, Zhang D, Miselis NR, Samatar AA, Chun P, Rubin EH, Schiller J, Long BJ, Dayananth P, Carr D, Kirschmeier P, Bishop WR, Deng Y, Cooper A, Shipps GW, Moreno BH, Robert L, Ribas A, Flaherty KT. Development of MK-8353, an orally administered ERK1/2 inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. JCI Insight 2018; 3:92352. [PMID: 29467321 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constitutive activation of ERK1/2 occurs in various cancers, and its reactivation is a well-described resistance mechanism to MAPK inhibitors. ERK inhibitors may overcome the limitations of MAPK inhibitor blockade. The dual mechanism inhibitor SCH772984 has shown promising preclinical activity across various BRAFV600/RAS-mutant cancer cell lines and human cancer xenografts. METHODS We have developed an orally bioavailable ERK inhibitor, MK-8353; conducted preclinical studies to demonstrate activity, pharmacodynamic endpoints, dosing, and schedule; completed a study in healthy volunteers (P07652); and subsequently performed a phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumors (MK-8353-001). In the P07652 study, MK-8353 was administered as a single dose in 10- to 400-mg dose cohorts, whereas in the MK-8353-001 study, MK-8353 was administered in 100- to 800-mg dose cohorts orally twice daily. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity were analyzed. RESULTS MK-8353 exhibited comparable potency with SCH772984 across various preclinical cancer models. Forty-eight patients were enrolled in the P07652 study, and twenty-six patients were enrolled in the MK-8353-001 study. Adverse events included diarrhea (44%), fatigue (40%), nausea (32%), and rash (28%). Dose-limiting toxicity was observed in the 400-mg and 800-mg dose cohorts. Sufficient exposure to MK-8353 was noted that correlated with biological activity in preclinical data. Three of fifteen patients evaluable for treatment response in the MK-8353-001 study had partial response, all with BRAFV600-mutant melanomas. CONCLUSION MK-8353 was well tolerated up to 400 mg twice daily and exhibited antitumor activity in patients with BRAFV600-mutant melanoma. However, antitumor activity was not particularly correlated with pharmacodynamic parameters. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01358331. FUNDING Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc., and NIH (P01 CA168585 and R35 CA197633).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios J Moschos
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wen-Jen Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ramesh K Ramanathan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Alex A Adjei
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Peter C Fong
- The University of Auckland and Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Hussein A Tawbi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Da Zhang
- Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donna Carr
- Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Yongqi Deng
- Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alan Cooper
- Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Blanca Homet Moreno
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lidia Robert
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Periplaneta americana Extracts Promote Skin Wound Healing via Nuclear Factor Kappa B Canonical Pathway and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5821706. [PMID: 28620419 PMCID: PMC5460390 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5821706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periplaneta americana extracts (PAEs) exhibit wound healing properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we treated human skin fibroblasts (HSF) with PAE and the proliferation was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The wound healing and transwell migration assays were used to detect cell migration. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways were analyzed by Western blot (WB). Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the key molecular localization in the cells. The results showed that PAE enhanced the proliferation and migration of HSF cells. The expression and activation of key proteins such as RelA and p-ERK were increased in NF-κB and ERK pathways followed by nuclear translocation. In vivo, both WB and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining showed that PAE enhanced p-IκBα and p-ERK activation and the nuclear translocation of RelA. Our study suggests that the protective function of PAE is mediated via enhanced NF-κB and ERK signaling.
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Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a deadly tumor whose diagnosis and treatment remain very challenging. There is an urgent need to advance our understanding of mesothelioma biology and to identify new molecular markers for improving management of patients. CD157 is a membrane glycoprotein linked to ovarian cancer progression and mesenchymal differentiation. The common embryonic origin of ovarian epithelial cells and mesothelial cells and the evident similarities between ovarian and mesothelial cancer prompted us to investigate the biological role and clinical significance of CD157 in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). CD157 mRNA and protein were detected in four of nine MPM cell lines of diverse histotype and in 85.2% of MPM surgical tissue samples (32/37 epithelioid; 37/44 biphasic). CD157 expression correlated with clinical aggressiveness in biphasic MPM. Indeed, high CD157 was a negative prognostic factor and an independent predictor of poor survival for patients with biphasic MPM by multivariate survival analysis (HR = 2.433, 95% CI 1.120-5.284; p = 0.025). In mesothelioma cell lines, CD157 gain (in CD157-negative cells) or knockdown (in CD157-positive cells) affected cell growth, migration, invasion and tumorigenicity, most notably in biphasic MPM cell lines. In these cells, CD157 expression was associated with increased activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in decreased platinum sensitivity. Moreover, a trend towards reduced survival was observed in patients with biphasic MPM receiving postoperative platinum-based chemotherapy. These findings indicate that CD157 is implicated in multiple aspects of MPM progression and suggest that CD157 expression could be used to stratify patients into different prognostic groups or to select patients that might benefit from particular chemotherapeutic approach.
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Bononi A, Napolitano A, Pass HI, Yang H, Carbone M. Latest developments in our understanding of the pathogenesis of mesothelioma and the design of targeted therapies. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9:633-54. [PMID: 26308799 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer whose pathogenesis is causally linked to occupational exposure to asbestos. Familial clusters of mesotheliomas have been observed in settings of genetic predisposition. Mesothelioma incidence is anticipated to increase worldwide in the next two decades. Novel treatments are needed, as current treatment modalities may improve the quality of life, but have shown modest effects in improving overall survival. Increasing knowledge on the molecular characteristics of mesothelioma has led to the development of novel potential therapeutic strategies, including: molecular targeted approaches, that is the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor with bevacizumab; immunotherapy with chimeric monoclonal antibody, immunotoxin, antibody drug conjugate, vaccine and viruses; inhibition of asbestos-induced inflammation, that is aspirin inhibition of HMGB1 activity may decrease or delay mesothelioma onset and/or growth. We elaborate on the rationale behind new therapeutic strategies, and summarize available preclinical and clinical results, as well as efforts still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bononi
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.,b 2 Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- c 3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Michele Carbone
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
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7
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Assis LVMD, Isoldi MC. Overview of the biochemical and genetic processes in malignant mesothelioma. J Bras Pneumol 2015; 40:429-42. [PMID: 25210967 PMCID: PMC4201175 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132014000400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive form of cancer, has a long latency period, and is resistant to chemotherapy. It is extremely fatal, with a mean survival of less than one year. The development of MM is strongly correlated with exposure to asbestos and with other factors, such as erionite and simian virus 40 [corrected]. Although various countries have banned the use of asbestos, MM has proven to be difficult to control and there appears to be a trend toward an increase in its incidence in the years to come. In Brazil, MM has not been widely studied from a genetic or biochemical standpoint. In addition, there have been few epidemiological studies of the disease, and the profile of its incidence has yet to be well established in the Brazilian population. The objective of this study was to review the literature regarding the processes of malignant transformation, as well as the respective mechanisms of tumorigenesis, in MM.
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Overexpression of activin-A and -B in malignant mesothelioma – Attenuated Smad3 signaling responses and ERK activation promote cell migration and invasive growth. Exp Cell Res 2015; 332:102-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Sayan M, Shukla A, MacPherson MB, Macura SL, Hillegass JM, Perkins TN, Thompson JK, Beuschel SL, Miller JM, Mossman BT. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 and cyclic AMP response element binding protein are novel pathways inhibited by vandetanib (ZD6474) and doxorubicin in mesotheliomas. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 51:595-603. [PMID: 24940987 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0373tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM), lung cancers, and asbestosis are hyperproliferative diseases associated with exposures to asbestos. All have a poor prognosis; thus, the need to develop novel and effective therapies is urgent. Vandetanib (Van) (ZD6474, ZACTIMA) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has shown equivocal results in clinical trials for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. However, tyrosine kinase inhibitors alone have shown no significant clinical activity in phase II trials of patients with unresectable MM. Using epithelioid (HMESO) and sarcomatoid (H2373) human MM lines, the efficacy of tumor cell killing and signaling pathways modulated by Van with and without doxorubicin (Dox) was examined. Van alone reduced total cell numbers in HMESO MM and synergistically increased the toxicity of Dox in HMESO and H2373 cells. Most importantly, we identified two novel cell survival/resistance pathways, ERK5 and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), that were inhibited by Van and Dox. After silencing of either ERK5 or CREB, significant decreases in cell numbers in the Dox-resistant sarcomatoid H2373 line were observed. Results suggest that a plethora of cell signaling pathways associated with cell survival are induced by Dox but inhibited by the addition of Van in MM. Data from our study support the combined efficacy of Van and Dox as a novel approach in the treatment of MM that is further enhanced by blocking ERK5 or CREB signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutlay Sayan
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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10
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Kanteti R, Dhanasingh I, Kawada I, Lennon FE, Arif Q, Bueno R, Hasina R, Husain AN, Vigneswaran W, Seiwert T, Kindler HL, Salgia R. MET and PI3K/mTOR as a potential combinatorial therapeutic target in malignant pleural mesothelioma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105919. [PMID: 25221930 PMCID: PMC4164360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Studies have shown that both MET and its key downstream intracellular signaling partners, PI3K and mTOR, are overexpressed in MPM. Here we determined the combinatorial therapeutic efficacy of a new generation small molecule inhibitor of MET, ARQ 197, and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors NVP-BEZ235 and GDC-0980 in mesothelioma cell and mouse xenograft models. Cell viability results show that mesothelioma cell lines were sensitive to ARQ 197, NVP-BEZ235 and GDC-0980 inhibitors. The combined use of ARQ 197 with either NVP-BEZ235 or GDC-0980, was synergistic (CI<1). Significant delay in wound healing was observed with ARQ 197 (p<0.001) with no added advantage of combining it with either NVP-BEZ235 or GDC-0980. ARQ 197 alone mainly induced apoptosis (20±2.36%) that was preceded by suppression of MAPK activity, while all the three suppressed cell cycle progression. Both GDC-0980 and NVP-BEZ235 strongly inhibited activities of PI3K and mTOR as evidenced from the phosphorylation status of AKT and S6 kinase. The above observation was further substantiated by the finding that a majority of the MPM archival samples tested revealed highly active AKT. While the single use of ARQ 197 and GDC-0980 inhibited significantly the growth of MPM xenografts (p<0.05, p<0.001 respectively) in mice, the combination of the above two drugs was highly synergistic (p<0.001). Our results suggest that the combined use of ARQ 197/NVP-BEZ235 and ARQ 197/GDC-0980 is far more effective than the use of the drugs singly in suppressing MPM tumor growth and motility and therefore merit further translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kanteti
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Immanuel Dhanasingh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ichiro Kawada
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Frances E. Lennon
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Qudsia Arif
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Raphael Bueno
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rifat Hasina
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aliya N. Husain
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wickii Vigneswaran
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tanguy Seiwert
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hedy L. Kindler
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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The role of key genes and pathways involved in the tumorigenesis of Malignant Mesothelioma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:232-47. [PMID: 24491449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) is a very aggressive cancer with low survival rates and often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Several players have been implicated in the development of this cancer, such as asbestos, erionite and the simian virus 40 (SV40). Here, we have reviewed the involvement of erionite, SV40, as well as, the role of several genes (p16(INK4a), p14(ARF), NF2, LATS2, SAV, CTNNB1 and among others), the pathways (RAS, PI3K, Wnt, BCL and Hippo), and their respective roles in the development of MM.
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12
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Trillo MÁ, Martínez MA, Cid MA, Úbeda A. Retinoic acid inhibits the cytoproliferative response to weak 50‑Hz magnetic fields in neuroblastoma cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:885-94. [PMID: 23292364 PMCID: PMC3597587 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that intermittent exposure to a 50‑Hz magnetic field (MF) at 100 µT stimulates cell proliferation in the human neuroblastoma cell line NB69. The present study aimed to investigate whether the magnetic field-induced growth promotion also occurs at a lower magnetic flux density of 10 µT. To this purpose, NB69 cells were subjected for 42 h to intermittent exposure, 3 h on/3 h off, to a 50‑Hz MF at a 10 or 100 µT magnetic flux density. The field exposure took place either in the presence or in the absence of the antiproliferative agent retinoic acid. At the end of the treatment and/or incubation period, the cell growth was estimated by hemocytometric counting and spectrophotometric analysis of total protein and DNA contents. Potential changes in DNA synthesis were also assessed through proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunolabeling. The results confirmed previously reported data that a 42-h exposure to a 50‑Hz sine wave MF at 100 µT promotes cell growth in the NB69 cell line, and showed that 10 µT induces a similar proliferative response. This effect, which was significantly associated and linearly correlated with PCNA expression, was abolished by the presence of retinoic acid in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Trillo
- Department of Research-BEM, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Shukla A, Miller JM, Cason C, Sayan M, MacPherson MB, Beuschel SL, Hillegass J, Vacek PM, Pass HI, Mossman BT. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5: a potential therapeutic target for malignant mesotheliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2071-83. [PMID: 23446998 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant mesothelioma is a devastating disease with a need for new treatment strategies. In the present study, we showed the importance of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) in malignant mesothelioma tumor growth and treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ERK5 as a target for malignant mesothelioma therapy was verified using mesothelial and mesothelioma cell lines as well as by xenograft severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse models. RESULTS We first showed that crocidolite asbestos activated ERK5 in LP9 cells and mesothelioma cell lines exhibit constitutive activation of ERK5. Addition of doxorubicin resulted in further activation of ERK5 in malignant mesothelioma cells. ERK5 silencing increased doxorubicin-induced cell death and doxorubicin retention in malignant mesothelioma cells. In addition, shERK5 malignant mesothelioma lines exhibited both attenuated colony formation on soft agar and invasion of malignant mesothelioma cells in vitro that could be related to modulation of gene expression linked to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration/invasion, and drug resistance as shown by microarray analysis. Most importantly, injection of shERK5 malignant mesothelioma cell lines into SCID mice showed significant reduction in tumor growth using both subcutaneous and intraperitoneal models. Assessment of selected human cytokine profiles in peritoneal lavage fluid from intraperitoneal shERK5 and control tumor-bearing mice showed that ERK5 was critical in regulation of various proinflammatory (RANTES/CCL5, MCP-1) and angiogenesis-related (interleukin-8, VEGF) cytokines. Finally, use of doxorubicin and cisplatin in combination with ERK5 inhibition showed further reduction in tumor weight and volume in the intraperitoneal model of tumor growth. CONCLUSION ERK5 inhibition in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs is a beneficial strategy for combination therapy in patients with malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.
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Jean D, Daubriac J, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Galateau-Salle F, Jaurand MC. Molecular changes in mesothelioma with an impact on prognosis and treatment. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2012; 136:277-93. [PMID: 22372904 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0215-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In recent decades, research on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has been developed to improve patients' outcomes by increasing the level of confidence in MPM diagnosis and prognosis. OBJECTIVE To summarize data on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in MPM that may be of interest for a better management of patients with MPM. DATA SOURCES Data were obtained from scientific publications on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in MPM by studying gene mutations, DNA methylation, and gene and microRNA expression profiling. CONCLUSIONS Molecular changes in MPM consist in altered expression and in activation or inactivation of critical genes in oncogenesis, especially tumor suppressor genes at the INK4 and NF2 loci. Activation of membrane receptor tyrosine kinases and deregulation of signaling pathways related to differentiation, survival, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle control, metabolism, migration, and invasion have been demonstrated. Alterations that could be targeted at a global level (methylation) have been recently reported. Experimental research has succeeded especially in abolishing proliferation and triggering apoptosis in MPM cells. So far, targeted clinical approaches focusing on receptor tyrosine kinases have had limited success. Molecular analyses of series of MPM cases have shown that defined alterations are present in MPM subsets, consistent with interindividual variations of molecular alterations, and suggesting that identification of patient subgroups will be essential to develop more specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Jean
- INSERM, U, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S, Paris, France
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15
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Miyoshi S, Hamada H, Hamaguchi N, Kato A, Katayama H, Irifune K, Ito R, Miyazaki T, Okura T, Higaki J. Antitumor activity of MEK and PI3K inhibitors against malignant pleural mesothelioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:449-56. [PMID: 22580933 PMCID: PMC3582904 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy for which there is no approved targeted therapy. We examined the therapeutic efficacy of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors against human MPM cell lines both in vitro and orthotopically inoculated into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of these agents were confirmed in vitro and in vivo. The MEK or the PI3K inhibitor suppressed MPM cell growth in vitro in a dose-dependent manner via induction of G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, combined use of the MEK and PI3K inhibitors showed an additive or synergistic inhibitory effect on MPM cell growth compared to treatment with either individual drug. Treatment with MEK or PI3K inhibitor suppressed the production of thoracic tumors and pleural effusion and prolonged the survival time of EHMES-10 cell-bearing SCID mice. The combination therapy more effectively prolonged the survival time compared to treatment with either individual drug. Immunohistochemical and western blot analysis of thoracic tumors suggested that these agents induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Our results suggest that a combination of MEK and PI3K inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Miyoshi
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Informatics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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16
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Liu J, Xu X, Feng X, Zhang B, Wang J. Adenovirus-mediated delivery of bFGF small interfering RNA reduces STAT3 phosphorylation and induces the depolarization of mitochondria and apoptosis in glioma cells U251. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2011; 30:80. [PMID: 21906308 PMCID: PMC3179445 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) carries a dismal prognosis primarily due to its aggressive proliferation in the brain regulated by complex molecular mechanisms. One promising molecular target in GBM is over-expressed basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which has been correlated with growth, progression, and vascularity of human malignant gliomas. Previously, we reported significant antitumor effects of an adenovirus-vector carrying bFGF small interfering RNA (Ad-bFGF-siRNA) in glioma in vivo and in vitro. However, its mechanisms are unknown. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively active in GBM and correlates positively with the glioma grades. In addition, as a specific transcription factor, STAT3 serves as the convergent point of various signaling pathways activated by multiple growth factors and/or cytokines. Therefore, we hypothesized that the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction by Ad-bFGF-siRNA may result from the interruption of STAT3 phosphorylation. In the current study, we found that in glioma cells U251, Ad-bFGF-siRNA impedes the activation of ERK1/2 and JAK2, but not Src, decreases IL-6 secretion, reduces STAT3 phosphorylation, decreases the levels of downstream molecules CyclinD1 and Bcl-xl, and ultimately results in the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potentials as well as the induction of mitochondrial-related apoptosis. Our results offer a potential mechanism for using Ad-bFGF-siRNA as a gene therapy for glioma. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the bFGF knockdown using adenovirus-mediated delivery of bFGF siRNA and its potential underlying mechanisms are reported. Therefore, this finding may open new avenues for developing novel treatments against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Graduate school, Tianjin Medical University (22# Qixiangtai road Hexi District), Tianjin(300070), China
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17
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Shukla A, Barrett TF, MacPherson MB, Hillegass JM, Fukagawa NK, Swain WA, O'Byrne KJ, Testa JR, Pass HI, Faux SP, Mossman BT. An extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 survival pathway mediates resistance of human mesothelioma cells to asbestos-induced injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:906-14. [PMID: 21454801 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0282oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that normal human mesothelial cells acquire resistance to asbestos-induced toxicity via induction of one or more epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-linked survival pathways (phosphoinositol-3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin and extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] 1/2) during simian virus 40 (SV40) transformation and carcinogenesis. Both isolated HKNM-2 mesothelial cells and a telomerase-immortalized mesothelial line (LP9/TERT-1) were more sensitive to crocidolite asbestos toxicity than an SV40 Tag-immortalized mesothelial line (MET5A) and malignant mesothelioma cell lines (HMESO and PPM Mill). Whereas increases in phosphorylation of AKT (pAKT) were observed in MET5A cells in response to asbestos, LP9/TERT-1 cells exhibited dose-related decreases in pAKT levels. Pretreatment with an EGFR phosphorylation or mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor abrogated asbestos-induced phosphorylated ERK (pERK) 1/2 levels in both LP9/TERT-1 and MET5A cells as well as increases in pAKT levels in MET5A cells. Transient transfection of small interfering RNAs targeting ERK1, ERK2, or AKT revealed that ERK1/2 pathways were involved in cell death by asbestos in both cell lines. Asbestos-resistant HMESO or PPM Mill cells with high endogenous levels of ERKs or AKT did not show dose-responsive increases in pERK1/ERK1, pERK2/ERK2, or pAKT/AKT levels by asbestos. However, small hairpin ERK2 stable cell lines created from both malignant mesothelioma lines were more sensitive to asbestos toxicity than shERK1 and shControl lines, and exhibited unique, tumor-specific changes in endogenous cell death-related gene expression. Our results suggest that EGFR phosphorylation is causally linked to pERK and pAKT activation by asbestos in normal and SV40 Tag-immortalized human mesothelial cells. They also indicate that ERK2 plays a role in modulating asbestos toxicity by regulating genes critical to cell injury and survival that are differentially expressed in human mesotheliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, 05405, USA
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18
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Rat mesothelioma cell proliferation requires p38δ mitogen activated protein kinase and C/EBP-α. Lung Cancer 2011; 73:166-70. [PMID: 21227534 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pleural malignant mesothelioma is a rare but deadly tumour mainly induced by asbestos inhalation. Despite the ban of asbestos in 1990 in 52 countries, mesothelioma cases still increase worldwide. In pleural mesothelioma, p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) have been suggested to play a major role in carcinogenesis and aggressiveness of tumours. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the different four p38 MAPK isoforms and their effect on proliferation together with the underlying signalling pathways in a rat pleural mesothelioma cell line. Rat pleural mesothelioma cells were stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and/or transforming growth factor beta (TGF)-β. MAPK and transcription factor expression and activation was monitored in the cytosol and nucleus by immuno-blotting. Proliferation was determined by manual cell count and siRNAs were used to control MAPK and transcription factor expression and action. Only PDGF-BB, but not TGF-β1 induced proliferation via activated Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK. The p38α and δ isoforms were expressed in the cytosol, and upon activation p38δ translocated into the nucleus, while p38α remained in the cytosol. No other p38 isoform was expressed by rat mesothelioma cells. C/EBP-α was found in both the cytosol and the nucleus, while C/EBP-β was not expressed at all. PDGF-BB induced proliferation was suppressed by down-regulation of either Erk1/2, or p38δ MAPK, or C/EBP-α. Furthermore, TGF-β inhibited PDGF-BB induced proliferation by interruption of p38 MAPK signalling. From this rat model, we conclude that in pleural mesothelioma, p38δ in C/EBP-α mediate proliferation and thus may represent new targets in mesothelioma therapy.
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Shukla A, Hillegass JM, MacPherson MB, Beuschel SL, Vacek PM, Butnor KJ, Pass HI, Carbone M, Testa JR, Heintz NH, Mossman BT. ERK2 is essential for the growth of human epithelioid malignant mesotheliomas. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1075-86. [PMID: 21710492 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Members of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) family may have distinct roles in the development of cell injury and repair, differentiation and carcinogenesis. Here, we show, using a synthetic small-molecule MEK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and RNA silencing of ERK1 and 2, comparatively, that ERK2 is critical to transformation and homeostasis of human epithelioid malignant mesotheliomas (MMs), asbestos-induced tumors with a poor prognosis. Although MM cell (HMESO) lines stably transfected with shERK1 or shERK2 both exhibited significant decreases in cell proliferation in vitro, injection of shERK2 cells, and not shERK1 cells, into immunocompromised severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice showed significant attenuated tumor growth in comparison to shControl (shCon) cells. Inhibition of migration, invasion and colony formation occurred in shERK2 MM cells in vitro, suggesting multiple roles of ERK2 in neoplasia. Microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed gene expression that was significantly increased (CASP1, TRAF1 and FAS) or decreased (SEMA3E, RPS6KA2, EGF and BCL2L1) in shERK2-transfected MM cells in contrast to shCon-transfected MM cells. Most striking decreases were observed in mRNA levels of Semaphorin 3 (SEMA3E), a candidate tumor suppressor gene linked to inhibition of angiogenesis. These studies demonstrate a key role of ERK2 in novel gene expression critical to the development of epithelioid MMs. After injection of sarcomatoid human MM (PPMMill) cells into SCID mice, both shERK1 and shERK2 lines showed significant decreased tumor growth, suggesting heterogeneous effects of ERKs in individual MMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405-0068, USA.
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20
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Shukla A, Hillegass JM, MacPherson MB, Beuschel SL, Vacek PM, Pass HI, Carbone M, Testa JR, Mossman BT. Blocking of ERK1 and ERK2 sensitizes human mesothelioma cells to doxorubicin. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:314. [PMID: 21159167 PMCID: PMC3016286 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mesotheliomas (MM) have a poor prognosis, largely because of their chemoresistance to anti-cancer drugs such as doxorubicin (Dox). Here we show using human MM lines that Dox activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1 and 2), causally linked to increased expression of ABC transporter genes, decreased accumulation of Dox, and enhanced MM growth. Using the MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126 and stably transfected shERK1 and shERK2 MM cell lines, we show that inhibition of both ERK1 and 2 sensitizes MM cells to Dox. RESULTS U0126 significantly modulated endogenous expression of several important drug resistance (BCL2, ABCB1, ABCC3), prosurvival (BCL2), DNA repair (BRCA1, BRCA2), hormone receptor (AR, ESR2, PPARγ) and drug metabolism (CYP3A4) genes newly identified in MM cells. In comparison to shControl lines, MM cell lines stably transfected with shERK1 or shERK2 exhibited significant increases in intracellular accumulation of Dox and decreases in cell viability. Affymetrix microarray analysis on stable shERK1 and shERK2 MM lines showed more than 2-fold inhibition (p ≤ 0.05) of expression of ATP binding cassette genes (ABCG1, ABCA5, ABCA2, MDR/TAP, ABCA1, ABCA8, ABCC2) in comparison to shControl lines. Moreover, injection of human MM lines into SCID mice showed that stable shERK1 or shERK2 lines had significantly slower tumor growth rates in comparison to shControl lines after Dox treatment. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that blocking ERK1 and 2, which play critical roles in multi-drug resistance and survival, may be beneficial in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of MMs and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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21
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Menges CW, Chen Y, Mossman BT, Chernoff J, Yeung AT, Testa JR. A Phosphotyrosine Proteomic Screen Identifies Multiple Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Pathways Aberrantly Activated in Malignant Mesothelioma. Genes Cancer 2010; 1:493-505. [PMID: 20672017 DOI: 10.1177/1947601910375273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive cancer that is refractory to all current chemotherapeutic regimens. Therefore, uncovering new rational therapeutic targets is imperative in the field. Tyrosine kinase signaling pathways are aberrantly activated in many human cancers and are currently being targeted for chemotherapeutic intervention. Thus, we sought to identify tyrosine kinases hyperactivated in MM. An unbiased phosphotyrosine proteomic screen was employed to identify tyrosine kinases activated in human MM cell lines. From this screen, we have identified novel signaling molecules, such as JAK1, STAT1, cortactin (CTTN), FER, p130Cas (BCAR1), SRC and FYN as tyrosine phosphorylated in human MM cell lines. Additionally, STAT1 and SRC family kinases (SFK) were confirmed to be active in primary MM specimens. We also confirmed that known signal transduction pathways previously implicated in MM, such as EGFR and MET signaling axes, are co-activated in the majority of human MM specimens and cell lines tested. EGFR, MET, and SFK appear to be co-activated in a significant proportion of MM cell lines, and dual inhibition of these kinases was demonstrated to be more efficacious for inhibiting MM cell viability and downstream effector signaling than inhibition of a single tyrosine kinase. Consequently, these data suggest that TKI mono-therapy may not represent an efficacious strategy for the treatment of MM, due to multiple tyrosine kinases potentially signaling redundantly to cellular pathways involved in tumor cell survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig W Menges
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
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22
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Heintz NH, Janssen-Heininger YMW, Mossman BT. Asbestos, lung cancers, and mesotheliomas: from molecular approaches to targeting tumor survival pathways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 42:133-9. [PMID: 20068227 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0206tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifteen years have passed since we published findings in the AJRCMB demonstrating that induction of early response fos/jun proto-oncogenes in rodent tracheal and mesothelial cells correlates with fibrous geometry and pathogenicity of asbestos. Our study was the first to suggest that the aberrant induction of signaling responses by crocidolite asbestos and erionite, a fibrous zeolite mineral associated with the development of malignant mesotheliomas (MMs) in areas of Turkey, led to altered gene expression. New data questioned the widely held belief at that time that the carcinogenic effects of asbestos in the development of lung cancer and MM were due to genotoxic or mutagenic effects. Later studies by our group revealed that proto-oncogene expression and several of the signaling pathways activated by asbestos were redox dependent, explaining why antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes were elevated in lung and pleura after exposure to asbestos and how they alleviated many of the phenotypic and functional effects of asbestos in vitro or after inhalation. Since these original studies, our efforts have expanded to understand the interface between asbestos-induced redox-dependent signal transduction cascades, the relationship between these pathways and cell fate, and the role of asbestos and cell interactions in development of asbestos-associated diseases. Of considerable significance is the fact that the signal transduction pathways activated by asbestos are also important in survival and chemoresistance of MMs and lung cancers. An understanding of the pathogenic features of asbestos fibers and dysregulation of signaling pathways allows strategies for the prevention and therapy of asbestos-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Heintz
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405-0068, USA
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Shukla A, Bosenberg MW, MacPherson MB, Butnor KJ, Heintz NH, Pass HI, Carbone M, Testa JR, Mossman BT. Activated cAMP response element binding protein is overexpressed in human mesotheliomas and inhibits apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:2197-206. [PMID: 19815709 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the cellular mechanisms contributing to the development and chemoresistance of malignant mesothelioma (MM), an aggressive asbestos-associated tumor. A human mesothelial cell line (LP9/TERT-1) and isolated human pleural mesothelial cells showed rapid and protracted asbestos-induced cAMP response element binding protein (CREB1) phosphorylation, which was inhibited in LP9/TERT-1 cells by small molecule inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation and protein kinase A. Asbestos increased expression of several CREB target genes (c-FOS, EGR-1, MKP1, BCL2, and MMP13) and apoptosis, which was enhanced using small interfering CREB. Human MM tissue arrays showed elevated endogenous levels of phosphorylated nuclear CREB1 as compared with reactive mesothelial hyperplasias and normal lung tissue. Significantly increased phosphorylated CREB1 and mRNA levels of BCL2, c-FOS, MMP9, and MMP13 were also observed in MM cells in vitro, which were further augmented after addition of Doxorubicin (Dox). Small interfering CREB inhibited migration of MMs, increased apoptosis by Dox, and decreased BCL2 and BCL-xL expression, suggesting a role for these molecules in CREB-induced MM survival. These data indicate that CREB1 and its target genes are up-regulated in asbestos-exposed human mesothelial cells through an epidermal growth factor receptor/protein kinase A pathway. Since activated CREB1 also is increased endogenously in human MM and modifies migration and resistance to Dox-induced apoptosis, inhibition of CREB1 may be a new strategy for MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405-0068, USA.
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Henzi T, Blum WV, Pfefferli M, Kawecki TJ, Salicio V, Schwaller B. SV40-induced expression of calretinin protects mesothelial cells from asbestos cytotoxicity and may be a key factor contributing to mesothelioma pathogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:2324-36. [PMID: 19435792 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The calcium-binding protein calretinin has emerged as a useful marker for the identification of mesotheliomas of the epithelioid and mixed types, but its putative role in tumor development has not been addressed previously. Although exposure to asbestos fibers is considered the main cause of mesothelioma, undoubtedly, not all mesothelioma patients have a history of asbestos exposure. The question as to whether the SV40 virus is involved as a possible co-factor is still highly debated. Here we show that increased expression of SV40 early gene products in the mesothelial cell line MeT-5A induces the expression of calretinin and that elevated calretinin levels strongly correlate with increased resistance to asbestos cytotoxicity. Calretinin alone mediates a significant part of this protective effect because cells stably transfected with calretinin cDNA were clearly more resistant to the toxic effects of crocidolite than mock-transfected control cells. Down-regulation of calretinin by antisense methods restored the sensitivity to asbestos toxicity to a large degree. The protective effect observed in clones with higher calretinin expression levels could be eliminated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, implying an important role for the PI3K/AKT signaling (survival) pathway in mediating the protective effect. Up-regulation of calretinin, resulting from either asbestos exposure or SV40 oncoproteins, may be a common denominator that leads to increased resistance to asbestos cytotoxicity and thereby contributes to mesothelioma carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Henzi
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Daubriac J, Fleury-Feith J, Kheuang L, Galipon J, Saint-Albin A, Renier A, Giovannini M, Galateau-Sallé F, Jaurand MC. Malignant pleural mesothelioma cells resist anoikis as quiescent pluricellular aggregates. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:1146-55. [PMID: 19343038 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural fluid accumulation is a frequent clinical observation in diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The cytological analysis of pleural fluid often reveals the presence of free spheroid aggregates of malignant cells, giving rise to the question of the ability of non-adherent tumor cells to resist the loss of anchorage-induced apoptosis (termed as anoikis), and to develop new tumor foci in the pleural cavity. Here, we show that MPM cells cultured under non-adherent conditions form well-organized aggregates composed of viable cells, which progressively enter in G(0). Although the PI3K/Akt, ERK and SAPK/JNK signaling pathways are activated in adherent MPM cells, loss of anchorage results in the inactivation of these pathways. By comparison, we show that the non-tumoral mesothelial cells MeT-5A enter anoikis in an SAPK/JNK-, Bim- and caspase-9-dependent pathway. The survival of MPM cells can be reversed by activating SAPK/JNK with anisomycin, according to a Bim-dependent mitochondrial pathway. Finally, our findings show that impairment of cell aggregation activates SAPK/JNK and Bim and induces anoikis. Our results underline the importance of intercellular contacts in the anoikis resistance of MPM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daubriac
- INSERM, U674, Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, IFR105, Paris, France
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26
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Epiregulin promotes migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC-83 through activation of ERK and Akt. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:156-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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