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Matsunuma M, Kan R, Yamada Y, Hamada K, Kanagawa M, Nomizu M, Kikkawa Y. Chain-specificity of laminin α1-5 LG45 modules in the recognition of carbohydrate-linked receptors and intramolecular binding. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10430. [PMID: 37369727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminins are a family of heterotrimers composed of α-, β-, and γ-chains in the basement membrane. Five α chains contain laminin globular (LG) domain consisting of five tandem modules (LG1-5 modules) at their C-terminus. Each LG45 modules is connected to a compact cloverleaf-shaped structure of LG1-3 through a flexible linker. Although the accumulated studies of the LG45 modules have suggested differences in each α chain regarding the binding of carbohydrate chain and intramolecular interaction, this remains unclear. In this study, to characterize their functions comparatively, we produced recombinant proteins of LG45 modules of human laminin α1-5 chains. Dystroglycan (DG) modified with matriglycan readily bound to the LG45 modules of α1 and α2 chains but not to the other α chains. In contrast, heparin bound to the LG45 modules of the α chains, except for α2. The binding of heparan sulfate/heparin-linked syndecans (SDCs) to LG45 modules was influenced by their core proteins. Furthermore, the α1 and α4LG45 modules bound to SDCs in a pH-dependent manner. A cell adhesion assay showed that HEK293 cells could readily adhere to the LG45 modules of α3-5 chains through a combination of SDCs and integrins. Moreover, α5LG45 modules bound to the E8 fragment, which includes the C-terminus of the laminin coiled-coil (LCC) domain and LG1-3 modules, but α2LG45 modules did not. The results suggested that although α5LG45 modules was fixed within the LG domain, α2LG45 modules was freely placed in the vicinity of LG1-3. Our findings provide information for investigation of the structural and functional diversity of basement membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Matsunuma
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Motoi Kanagawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nomizu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yamato Kikkawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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Reinhard JR, Lin S, McKee KK, Meinen S, Crosson SC, Sury M, Hobbs S, Maier G, Yurchenco PD, Rüegg MA. Linker proteins restore basement membrane and correct LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy in mice. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/396/eaal4649. [PMID: 28659438 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal4649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy (LAMA2 MD or MDC1A) is the most frequent form of early-onset, fatal congenital muscular dystrophies. It is caused by mutations in LAMA2, the gene encoding laminin-α2, the long arm of the heterotrimeric (α2, β1, and γ1) basement membrane protein laminin-211 (Lm-211). We establish that despite compensatory expression of laminin-α4, giving rise to Lm-411 (α4, β1, and γ1), muscle basement membrane is labile in LAMA2 MD biopsies. Consistent with this deficit, recombinant Lm-411 polymerized and bound to cultured myotubes only weakly. Polymerization and cell binding of Lm-411 were enhanced by addition of two specifically designed linker proteins. One, called αLNNd, consists of the N-terminal part of laminin-α1 and the laminin-binding site of nidogen-1. The second, called mini-agrin (mag), contains binding sites for laminins and α-dystroglycan. Transgenic expression of mag and αLNNd in a mouse model for LAMA2 MD fully restored basement membrane stability, recovered muscle force and size, increased overall body weight, and extended life span more than five times to a maximum survival beyond 2 years. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of LAMA2 MD and establish a strong basis for a potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuo Lin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen K McKee
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sarina Meinen
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie C Crosson
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Maurizio Sury
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samantha Hobbs
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | | | - Peter D Yurchenco
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Markus A Rüegg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Crowe KE, Shao G, Flanigan KM, Martin PT. N-terminal α Dystroglycan (αDG-N): A Potential Serum Biomarker for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:247-260. [PMID: 27854211 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-150127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, progressive, neuromuscular disorder of childhood. While a number of serum factors have been identified as potential biomarkers of DMD, none, as yet, are proteins within the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (DAG) complex. OBJECTIVE We have developed an immobilized serum ELISA assay to measure the expression of a constitutively cleaved and secreted component of the DAG complex, the N-terminal domain of α dystroglycan (αDG-N), and assayed relative expression in serum from muscular dystrophy patients and normal controls. METHODS ELISAs of immobilized patient or mouse serum and Western blots were used to assess αDG-N expression. RESULTS Immobilization of diluted serum on ELISA plates was important for this assay, as methods to measure serum αDG-N in solution were less robust. αDG-N ELISA signals were significantly reduced in DMD serum (27±3% decrease, n = 9, p < 0.001) relative to serum from otherwise normal controls (n = 38), and calculated serum αDG-N concentrations were reduced in DMD relative to normal (p < 0.01) and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (n = 11, p < 0.05) patient serum. By contrast, ELISA signals from patients with Inclusion Body Myositis were not different than normal (4±3% decrease, n = 8, p = 0.99). αDG-N serum signals were also significantly reduced in utrophin-deficient mdx mice as compared to mdx and wild type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results are the first demonstration of a component of the DAG complex as a potential serum biomarker in DMD. Such a serum measure could be further developed as a tool to help reflect overall muscle DAG complex expression or stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Crowe
- Graduate Program in Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Guohong Shao
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin M Flanigan
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul T Martin
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Reissner C, Stahn J, Breuer D, Klose M, Pohlentz G, Mormann M, Missler M. Dystroglycan binding to α-neurexin competes with neurexophilin-1 and neuroligin in the brain. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27585-603. [PMID: 25157101 PMCID: PMC4183798 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.595413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Neurexins (α-Nrxn) are mostly presynaptic cell surface molecules essential for neurotransmission that are linked to neuro-developmental disorders as autism or schizophrenia. Several interaction partners of α-Nrxn are identified that depend on alternative splicing, including neuroligins (Nlgn) and dystroglycan (αDAG). The trans-synaptic complex with Nlgn1 was extensively characterized and shown to partially mediate α-Nrxn function. However, the interactions of α-Nrxn with αDAG, neurexophilins (Nxph1) and Nlgn2, ligands that occur specifically at inhibitory synapses, are incompletely understood. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate the exact binding epitopes of αDAG and Nxph1 on Nrxn1α and show that their binding is mutually exclusive. Identification of an unusual cysteine bridge pattern and complex type glycans in Nxph1 ensure binding to the second laminin/neurexin/sex hormone binding (LNS2) domain of Nrxn1α, but this association does not interfere with Nlgn binding at LNS6. αDAG, in contrast, interacts with both LNS2 and LNS6 domains without inserts in splice sites SS#2 or SS#4 mostly via LARGE (like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase)-dependent glycans attached to the mucin region. Unexpectedly, binding of αDAG at LNS2 prevents interaction of Nlgn at LNS6 with or without splice insert in SS#4, presumably by sterically hindering each other in the u-form conformation of α-Nrxn. Thus, expression of αDAG and Nxph1 together with alternative splicing in Nrxn1α may prevent or facilitate formation of distinct trans-synaptic Nrxn·Nlgn complexes, revealing an unanticipated way to contribute to the identity of synaptic subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Reissner
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johanna Stahn
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dorothee Breuer
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Klose
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gottfried Pohlentz
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Robert-Koch Strasse 31, 48149 Münster, Germany, and
| | - Michael Mormann
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Robert-Koch Strasse 31, 48149 Münster, Germany, and
| | - Markus Missler
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149 Münster, Germany, Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, 48149 Münster, Germany
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